# dictionary

word: Intextine
definition:
Intextine

In*tex"tine
(?)
n.
[Infine + extine.]
(Bot.)
A thin membrane existing in the pollen grains of some plants, and situated between the extine and the intine, as in Œnothera.


word: Inthrall
definition:
Inthrall

In*thrall"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Inthralled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inthralling.]
[Cf. Enthrall.]
[Written also inthral, enthral, and enthrall.]
To reduce to bondage or servitude; to make a thrall, slave, vassal, or captive of; to enslave.

She soothes, but never can inthrall my mind.
Prior.


word: Inthrallment
definition:
Inthrallment

In*thrall"ment
(?)
n.
[Written also inthralment, enthrallment.]
Act of inthralling, or state of being inthralled; servitude; bondage; vassalage.


word: intima
definition:
intima

intima
n.
(Anat.)
the innermost coat of an organ, such as a blood vessel.  It usually consists of an endothelial layer of cells, backed by connective tissue and elastic tissue.


word: Intimacy
definition:
Intimacy

In"ti*ma*cy
(?)
n.
pl. Intimacies (#).
[From Intimate.]
The state of being intimate; close familiarity or association; nearness in friendship.


word: Intimate
definition:
Intimate

In"ti*mate
(?)
a.
[Formerly intime, L. intimus, a superl. corresponding to the compar. interior: cf. F. intime. The form intimate is due to confusion with intimate, v. t. See Interior.]

1.
Innermost; inward; internal; deep-seated; hearty.
intimate
Milton.

2.
Near; close; direct; thorough; complete.

He was honored with an intimate and immediate admission.
South.

3.
Close in friendship or acquaintance; familiar; confidential; as, an intimate friend.


word: Intimate₃
definition:
Intimate

In"ti*mate
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Intimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intimating.]
[L. intimatus, p. p. of intimare to put, bring, drive, or press into, to announce, make known, from intimus the inmost. See Intimate, a.]

1.
To announce; to declare; to publish; to communicate; to make known.
[Obs.]

He, incontinent, did proclaim and intimate open war.
E. Hall.

So both conspiring 'gan to intimate
Each other's grief.
Spenser.

2.
To suggest obscurely or indirectly; to refer to remotely; to give slight notice of; to hint; as, he intimated his intention of resigning his office.

The names of simple ideas and substances, with the abstract ideas in the mind, intimate some real existence, from which was derived their original pattern.
Locke.


word: Intimation
definition:
Intimation

In`ti*ma"tion
(?)
n.
[L. intimatio: cf. F. intimation.]

1.
The act of intimating; also, the thing intimated.

2.
Announcement; declaration.
Macaulay.

They made an edict with an intimation that whosoever killed a stork, should be banished.
Holland.

3.
A hint; an obscure or indirect suggestion or notice; a remote or ambiguous reference; as, he had given only intimations of his design.

Without mentioning the king of England, or giving the least intimation that he was sent by him.
Bp. Burnet.


word: Intimidate
definition:
Intimidate

In*tim"i*date
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Intimidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intimidating (?).]
[LL. intimidatus, p. p. of intimidare to frighten; pref. in- in + timidus fearful, timid: cf. F. intimider. See Timid.]
To make timid or fearful; to inspire of affect with fear; to deter, as by threats; to dishearten; to abash.

Now guilt, once harbored in the conscious breast,
Intimidates the brave, degrades the great.
Johnson.


word: intimidated
definition:
intimidated

intimidated
adj.
1.
made timid or fearful as by threats.

2.
frightened into submission or compliance.

Syn. -- browbeaten, bullied, cowed, hangdog.


word: intimidating
definition:
intimidating

intimidating
adj.
discouraging; inhibiting; deterring.  Opposite of encouraging.

Syn. -- daunting.


word: Intimidation
definition:
Intimidation

In*tim`i*da"tion
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. intimidation.]
The act of making timid or fearful or of deterring by threats; the state of being intimidated; as, the voters were kept from the polls by intimidation.

The king carried his measures in Parliament by intimidation.
Paley.


word: Intinction
definition:
Intinction

In*tinc"tion
(?)
n.
[L. intinctio, fr. intingere to dip in; pref. in- in + tingere to tinge.]

1.
The act of tingeing or dyeing.
Blount.

2.
(Eccl.)
A method or practice of the administration of the sacrament by dipping the bread or wafer in the wine and administering both together.


word: Intinctivity
definition:
Intinctivity

In`tinc*tiv"i*ty
(?)
n.
[Pref. in- not + L. tinctus, p. p. of tingere to tinge]
The lack of the quality of coloring or tingeing other bodies.
Kirwan.


word: Intine
definition:
Intine

In"tine
(?)
n.
[L. intus within.  Cf. Extine.]
(Bot.)
A transparent, extensible membrane of extreme tenuity, which forms the innermost coating of grains of pollen.


word: Intitule
definition:
Intitule

In*tit"ule
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Intituled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intituling.]
[Cf. F. intituler. See Entitle.]
To entitle; to give a title to.
Selden.


word: Into
definition:
Into

In"to
(?)
prep.
[In + to.]
To the inside of; within. It is used in a variety of applications.

1.
Expressing entrance, or a passing from the outside of a thing to its interior parts; -- following verbs expressing motion; as, come into the house; go into the church; one stream falls or runs into another; water enters into the fine vessels of plants.

2.
Expressing penetration beyond the outside or surface, or access to the inside, or contents; as, to look into a letter or book; to look into an apartment.

3.
Indicating insertion; as, to infuse more spirit or animation into a composition.

4.
Denoting inclusion; as, put these ideas into other words.

5.
Indicating the passing of a thing from one form, condition, or state to another; as, compound substances may be resolved into others which are more simple; ice is convertible into water, and water into vapor; men are more easily drawn than forced into compliance; we may reduce many distinct substances into one mass; men are led by evidence into belief of truth, and are often enticed into the commission of crimes; she burst into tears; children are sometimes frightened into fits; all persons are liable to be seduced into error and folly.

Compare In.


word: Intolerability
definition:
Intolerability

In*tol`er*a*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
The quality of being intolerable; intolerableness.
[R.]


word: Intolerable
definition:
Intolerable

In*tol"er*a*ble
(?)
a.
[F. intolérable, L. intolerabilis. See In- not, and Tolerable.]

1.
Not tolerable; not capable of being borne or endured; not proper or right to be allowed; insufferable; insupportable; unbearable; as, intolerable pain; intolerable heat or cold; an intolerable burden.

His insolence is more intolerable
Than all the princes in the land beside.
Shak.

4.
Enormous.

This intolerable deal of sack.
Shak.


word: Intolerance
definition:
Intolerance

In*tol"er*ance
(ĭn*t&obreve_;l"ẽr*ans)
n.
[L. intolerantia impatience, unendurableness: cf. F. intolérance.]

1.
Lack of capacity to endure; as, intolerance of light.

2.
The quality of being intolerant; refusal to allow to others the enjoyment of their opinions, chosen modes of worship, and the like; lack of patience and forbearance; illiberality; bigotry; as, intolerance shown toward a religious sect.

These few restrictions, I hope, are no great stretches of intolerance, no very violent exertions of despotism.
Burke.


word: Intolerant
definition:
Intolerant

In*tol"er*ant
(ĭn*t&obreve_;l"ẽr*ant)
a.
[L. intolerans, -antis: cf. F. intolérant. See In- not, and Tolerant.]

1.
Not enduring; not able to endure.

The powers of human bodies being limited and intolerant of excesses.
Arbuthnot.

2.
Not tolerating difference of opinion or sentiment, especially in religious matters; refusing to allow others the enjoyment of their opinions, rights, or worship; unjustly impatient of the opinion of those disagree with us; not tolerant; unforbearing; bigoted.

Religion, harsh, intolerant, austere,
Parent of manners like herself severe.
Cowper.


word: Intoleration
definition:
Intoleration

In*tol`er*a"tion
(?)
n.
Intolerance; lack of toleration; refusal to tolerate a difference of opinion.


word: Intomb
definition:
Intomb

In*tomb"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Intombed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intombing.]
To place in a tomb; to bury; to entomb. See Entomb.


word: Intonate
definition:
Intonate

In"to*nate
(?)
v. i.
[L. intonatus, p. p. of intonare to thunder, resound.]
To thunder.
[Obs.]
Bailey.


word: Intonate₂
definition:
Intonate

In"to*nate
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Intonated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intonating (?).]
[See Intone.]

1.
(Mus.)
To sound the tones of the musical scale; to practice the sol-fa.

2.
To modulate the voice in a musical, sonorous, and measured manner, as in reading the liturgy; to intone.


word: Intonate₃
definition:
Intonate

In"to*nate
v. t.
To utter in a musical or sonorous manner; to chant; as, to intonate the liturgy.


word: Intonation₂
definition:
Intonation

In`to*na"tion
n.
[Cf. F. intonation. See Intone.]
1.
(Mus.)
(a)
The act of sounding the tones of the musical scale.
(b)
Singing or playing in good tune or otherwise; as, her intonation was false.
(c)
Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating, or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice, as of a priest. See Intone, v. t.

2.
The manner of speaking, especially the placement of emphasis, the cadence, and the rise and fall of the pitch of the voice while speaking.


word: Intone
definition:
Intone

In*tone"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Intoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intoning.]
[LL. intonare, intonatum; pref. in- in + L. tonus tone. See Tone and cf. Entune, Intonate.]
1.
To utter with a musical or prolonged note or tone; to chant; as, to intone the church service.

2.
To speak with a distinctive or unusual tone in the voice, or in a monotone; as, the professor intoned his lectures as though by rote.


word: Intone₂
definition:
Intone

In*tone"
v. i.
To utter a prolonged tone or a deep, protracted sound; to speak or recite in a measured, sonorous manner; to intonate.
Pope.


word: Intorsion
definition:
Intorsion

In*tor"sion
(?)
n.
[L. intortio a curling, crisping: cf. F. intorsion. See Intort, and cf. Intortion.]

1.
A winding, bending, or twisting.

2.
(Bot.)
The bending or twining of any part of a plant toward one side or the other, or in any direction from the vertical.


word: Intort
definition:
Intort

In*tort"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Intorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Intorting.]
[L. intortus, p. p. of intoquere to twist; pref. in- in + torquere to twist.]
To twist in and out; to twine; to wreathe; to wind; to wring.
Pope.


word: Intoxicant
definition:
Intoxicant

In*tox"i*cant
(?)
n.
That which intoxicates; an intoxicating agent; as, alcohol, opium, and laughing gas are intoxicants.


word: Intoxicate
definition:
Intoxicate

In*tox"i*cate
(?)
a.
[LL. intoxicatus, p. p. of intoxicare to drug or poison; pref. in- in + L. toxicum a poison in which arrows were dipped, Gr. _;, fr. _; pertaining to a bow. See Toxic.]

1.
Intoxicated.

2.
Overexcited, as with joy or grief.

Alas, good mother, be not intoxicate for me;
I am well enough.
Chapman.


word: Intoxicate₂
definition:
Intoxicate

In*tox"i*cate
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Intoxicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intoxicating.]

1.
To poison; to drug.
South.

2.
To make drunk; to inebriate; to excite or to stupefy by strong drink or by a narcotic substance.

With new wine inoxicated both.
Milton.

3.
To excite to a transport of enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness; to elate unduly or excessively.

Intoxicated with the sound of those very bells.
G. Eliot.

They are not intoxicated by military success.
Jowett (Thuc.).


word: Intoxicatedness
definition:
Intoxicatedness

In*tox"i*ca`ted*ness
(?)
n.
The state of being intoxicated; intoxication; drunkenness.
[R.]


word: Intoxicating
definition:
Intoxicating

In*tox"i*ca`ting
(?)
a.
Producing intoxication; fitted to intoxicate; as, intoxicating liquors.


word: Intoxication
definition:
Intoxication

In*tox`i*ca"tion
(?)
n.
1.
(Med.)
A poisoning, as by a alcoholic or a narcotic substance.

2.
The state of being intoxicated or drunk; inebriation; ebriety; drunkenness; the act of intoxicating or making drunk.

2.
A high excitement of mind; an elation which rises to enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness.

That secret intoxication of pleasure.
Spectator.


word: Intra-
definition:
Intra-

In"tra-
(?)
[L. intra, prep., within, on the inside; akin to inter. See Inter-.]
A prefix signifying in, within, interior; as, intraocular, within the eyeball; intramarginal.


word: Intraaxillary
definition:
Intraaxillary

In`tra*ax"il*la*ry
(?)
a.
(Bot.)
Situated below the point where a leaf joins the stem.


word: Intracellular
definition:
Intracellular

In`tra*cel"lu*lar
(?)
a.
(Biol.)
Within a cell; as, the intracellular movements seen in the pigment cells, the salivary cells, and in the protoplasm of some vegetable cells; intracellular enzymes.  Contrasted with extracellular.


word: Intractability
definition:
Intractability

In*tract`a*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
The quality of being intractable; intractableness.
Bp. Hurd.


word: Intractable
definition:
Intractable

In*tract"a*ble
(?)
a.
[L. intractabilis: cf. F. intraitable, formerly also intractable. See In- not, and Tractable.]
Not tractable; not easily governed, managed, or directed; indisposed to be taught, disciplined, or tamed; violent; stubborn; obstinate; refractory; as, an intractable child.


word: intracutaneous
definition:
intracutaneous

intracutaneous
adj.
relating to areas between the layers of the skin.

Syn. -- intradermal, intradermic.


word: intradermal
definition:
intradermal

intradermal
adj.
relating to areas between the layers of the skin.
an intradermal injection

Syn. -- intradermic, intracutaneous.


word: Intrados
definition:
Intrados

In*tra"dos
(?)
n.
[F., fr. L. intra within + F. dos the back, L. dorsum.  Cf. Extrados.]
(Arch.)
The interior curve of an arch; esp., the inner or lower curved face of the whole body of voussoirs taken together. See Extrados.


word: Intrafoliaceous
definition:
Intrafoliaceous

In`tra*fo`li*a"ceous
(?)
a.
(Bot.)
Growing immediately above, or in front of, a leaf; as, intrafoliaceous stipules.


word: Intrafusion
definition:
Intrafusion

In`tra*fu"sion
(?)
n.
[Pref. intra- + L. fundere, fusum, to pour.]
The act of pouring into a vessel; specif. (Med.), the operation of introducing a substance into a blood vessel; as, intrafusion of blood.


word: Intralobular
definition:
Intralobular

In`tra*lob"u*lar
(?)
a.
(Anat.)
Within lobules; as, the intralobular branches of the hepatic veins.


word: Intramercurial
definition:
Intramercurial

In`tra*mer*cu"ri*al
(?)
a.
(Astron.)
Between the planet Mercury and the sun; -- as, the hypothetical Vulcan is intramercurial.


word: Intramolecular
definition:
Intramolecular

In`tra*mo*lec"u*lar
(?)
a.
1.
(Chem. & Physics)
Between molecules; situated, or acting, between the molecules of bodies.
[Obs.]

2.
Being or occurring within a single molecule; as, intramolecular hydrogen bonds.


word: Intramural
definition:
Intramural

In`tra*mu"ral
(?)
a.
1.
Being within the walls, as of a city.

2.
Hence:
Of or pertaining to those activities occurring within a single institution or organization, such as intramural sports involving students of a single school; an intramural debate within a professional society.

3.
(Anat. & Med.)
Being within the substance of the walls of an organ; as, intramural pregnancy.


word: Intransgressible
definition:
Intransgressible

In`trans*gress"i*ble
(?)
a.
[L. intragressibilis that can not be crossed. See In- not, and Transgress.]
Incapable of being transgressed; not to be passed over or crossed.
Holland.


word: Intransigent
definition:
Intransigent

In*trans"i*gent
(?)
a.
[F. intransigeant (cf. Sp. intransigente); pref. in- not + L. transigere to come to an agreement; trans across + agere to lead, act.]
Refusing compromise; uncompromising; inflexible; irreconcilable.
Lond. Sat. Rev.


word: Intransigentes
definition:
Intransigentes

In`trans"i*gen*tes
(?)
n. pl.
[Sp.]
(Spanish Politics)
The extreme radicals; the party of the irreconcilables.


word: Intransitive
definition:
Intransitive

In*tran"si*tive
(?)
a.
[L. intransitivus: cf. F. intransitif. See In- not, and Transitive.]
1.
Not passing farther; kept; detained.
[R.]

And then it is for the image's sake and so far is intransitive; but whatever is paid more to the image is transitive and passes further.
Jer. Taylor.

2.
(Gram.)
Not transitive; not passing over to an object; expressing an action or state that is limited to the agent or subject, or, in other words, an action which does not require an object to complete the sense; as, an intransitive verb, e. g., the bird flies; the dog runs.

&hand_; Intransitive verbs have no passive form. Some verbs which appear at first sight to be intransitive are in reality, or were originally, transitive verbs with a reflexive or other object omitted; as, he keeps (i. e., himself) aloof from danger. Intransitive verbs may take a noun of kindred signification for a cognate object; as, he died the death of a hero; he dreamed a dream. Some intransitive verbs, by the addition of a preposition, become transitive, and so admit of a passive voice; as, the man laughed at; he was laughed at by the man.


word: Intransitively
definition:
Intransitively

In*tran"si*tive*ly
adv.
(Gram.)
Without an object following; in the manner of an intransitive verb.


word: Intransmissible
definition:
Intransmissible

In`trans*mis"si*ble
(?)
a.
Not capable of being transmitted; as, an intransmissable illness.


word: Intransmutable
definition:
Intransmutable

In`trans*mut"a*ble
(?)
a.
Not capable of being transmuted or changed into another substance.


word: Intrant
definition:
Intrant

In"trant
(?)
a.
[L. intrans, p. pr. of intrare to enter. See Enter.]
Entering; penetrating.


word: Intrant₂
definition:
Intrant

In"trant
n.
One who enters; especially, a person entering upon some office or station.
Hume.


word: Intranuclear
definition:
Intranuclear

In`tra*nu"cle*ar
(?)
a.
(Biol.)
Of or pertaining to, or located on the inside of a nucleus; taking place within a nucleus; referring especially to the nucleus of a cell; as, the intranuclear network of fibrils, seen in the first stages of karyokinesis.


word: Intraparietal
definition:
Intraparietal

In"tra*pa*ri"e*tal
(?)
a.
Situated or occurring within an inclosure; shut off from public sight; private; secluded; retired.

I have no Turkish proclivities, and I do not think that, after all, impaling is preferable as a mode of capital punishment to intraparietal hanging.
Rolleston.


word: Intrapetiolar
definition:
Intrapetiolar

In`tra*pet"i*o*lar
(?)
a.
(Bot.)
Situated between the petiole and the stem; -- said of the pair of stipules at the base of a petiole when united by those margins next the petiole, thus seeming to form a single stipule between the petiole and the stem or branch; -- often confounded with interpetiolar, from which it differs essentially in meaning.


word: Intrauterine
definition:
Intrauterine

In`tra*u"ter*ine
(?)
a.
Within the uterus or womb; as, intrauterine hemorrhage; an intrauterine device.


word: intrauterine device
definition:
intrauterine device

in`tra*u"ter*ine de*vice"
(?)
n.
A contraceptive device consisting of a small, usually plastic object placed within the uterus to prevent conception; also called IUD.


word: Intravenous
definition:
Intravenous

In`tra*ve"nous
(?)
a.
1.
Within the veins.

2.
Administered by injection into a vein; as, an intravenous antibiotic infusion.


word: in-tray
definition:
in-tray

in-tray
n.
a wood or metal receptacle placed on a desk to hold incoming material requiring attention, especially documents.

Syn. -- in-box, in-basket.


word: Intrench
definition:
Intrench

In*trench"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Intrenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intrenching.]

1.
To cut in; to furrow; to make trenches in or upon.

It was this very sword intrenched it.
Shak.

His face
Deep scars of thunder had intrenched.
Milton.

2.
To surround with a trench or with intrenchments, as in fortification; to fortify with a ditch and parapet; as, the army intrenched their camp, or intrenched itself.
intrenched
Shak.


word: Intrench₂
definition:
Intrench

In*trench"
v. i.
To invade; to encroach; to infringe or trespass; to enter on, and take possession of, that which belongs to another; -- usually followed by on or upon; as, the king was charged with intrenching on the rights of the nobles, and the nobles were accused of intrenching on the prerogative of the crown.

We are not to intrench upon truth in any conversation, but least of all with children.
Locke.


word: Intrenchant
definition:
Intrenchant

In*trench"ant
(?)
a.
[Pref. in- not + trenchant.]
Not to be gashed or marked with furrows.
[Obs.]

As easy mayest thou the intrenchant air
With thy keen sword impress, as make me bleed.
Shak.


word: Intrenchment
definition:
Intrenchment

In*trench"ment
(?)
n.
[From Intrench.]

1.
The act of intrenching or the state of being intrenched.

2.
(Mil.)
Any defensive work consisting of at least a trench or ditch and a parapet made from the earth thrown up in making such a ditch.

On our side, we have thrown up intrenchments on Winter and Prospect Hills.
Washington.

3.
Any defense or protection.

4.
An encroachment or infringement.

The slight intrenchment upon individual freedom.
Southey.


word: Intrepid
definition:
Intrepid

In*trep"id
(?)
a.
[L. intrepidus: cf. F. intrépide. See In- not, and Trepidation.]
Not trembling or shaking with fear; fearless; bold; brave; undaunted; courageous; as, an intrepid soldier; intrepid spirit.


word: Intrepidity
definition:
Intrepidity

In`tre*pid"i*ty
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. intrépidité.]
The quality or state of being intrepid; fearless bravery; courage; resoluteness; valor.

Sir Roger had acquitted himself of two or three sentences with a look of much business and great intrepidity.
Addison.


word: Intricacy
definition:
Intricacy

In"tri*ca*cy
(?)
n.
pl. Intricacies (#).
[From Intricate.]
The state or quality of being intricate or entangled; perplexity; involution; complication; complexity; that which is intricate or involved; as, the intricacy of a knot; the intricacy of accounts; the intricacy of a cause in controversy; the intricacy of a plot.

Freed from intricacies, taught to live
The easiest way.
Milton.


word: Intricate
definition:
Intricate

In"tri*cate
(?)
a.
[L. intricatus, p. p. of intricare to entangle, perplex.  Cf. Intrigue, Extricate.]
Entangled; involved; perplexed; complicated; difficult to understand, follow, arrange, or adjust; as, intricate machinery, labyrinths, accounts, plots, etc.

His style was fit to convey the most intricate business to the understanding with the utmost clearness.
Addison.

The nature of man is intricate.
Burke.


word: Intricate₂
definition:
Intricate

In"tri*cate
(?)
v. t.
To entangle; to involve; to make perplexing.
[Obs.]

It makes men troublesome, and intricates all wise discourses.
Jer. Taylor.


word: Intrigue
definition:
Intrigue

In*trigue"
(ĭn*trēg")
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Intrigued (-trēgd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Intriguing.]
[F. intriguer, OF. intriquer, entriquer; cf. It. intrigare. See Intricate, Extricate.]
1.
To form a plot or scheme; to contrive to accomplish a purpose by secret artifice.

2.
To carry on a secret and illicit love or amour.


word: Intrigue₂
definition:
Intrigue

In*trigue"
v. t.
To fill with artifice and duplicity; to complicate; to embarrass.
[Obs.]

How doth it [sin] perplex and intrique the whole course of your lives!
Dr. J. Scott.


word: Intrigue₃
definition:
Intrigue

In*trigue"
n.
[Cf. F. intrique. See Intrigue, v. i.]

1.
Intricacy; complication.
[Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.

2.
A complicated plot or scheme intended to effect some purpose by secret artifice; conspiracy; stratagem.

Busy meddlers with intrigues of state.
Pomfret.

3.
The plot of a play or romance; a complicated scheme of designs, actions, and events.
Pope.

4.
A secret and illicit love affair between two persons of different sexes; an amour; a liaison.

The hero of a comedy is represented victorious in all his intrigues.
Swift.


word: Intrinse
definition:
Intrinse

In*trinse"
(ĭn*trĭns")
a.
[See Intrinsic, and Intense.]
Tightly drawn; or (perhaps) intricate.
[Very rare]

Like rats, oft bite the holy cords atwain,
Which are too intrinse to unloose.
Shak.


word: Intrinsic
definition:
Intrinsic

In*trin"sic
(ĭn*trĭn"sĭk)
a.
[L. intrinsecus inward, on the inside; intra within + secus otherwise, beside; akin to E. second: cf. F. intrinsèque. See Inter-, Second, and cf. Extrinsic.]

1.
Inward; internal; hence, true; genuine; real; essential; inherent; not merely apparent or accidental; -- opposed to extrinsic; as, the intrinsic value of gold or silver; the intrinsic merit of an action; the intrinsic worth or goodness of a person.

He was better qualified than they to estimate justly the intrinsic value of Grecian philosophy and refinement.
I. Taylor.

2.
(Anat.)
Included wholly within an organ or limb, as certain groups of muscles; -- opposed to extrinsic.

Intrinsic energy of a body (Physics), the work it can do in virtue of its actual condition, without any supply of energy from without. -- Intrinsic equation of a curve (Geom.), the equation which expresses the relation which the length of a curve, measured from a given point of it, to a movable point, has to the angle which the tangent to the curve at the movable point makes with a fixed line. -- Intrinsic value. See the Note under Value, n.


word: Intrinsical
definition:
Intrinsical

In*trin"sic*al
(?)
a.
[Formerly written intrinsecal.]

1.
Intrinsic.

2.
Intimate; closely familiar.
[Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.


word: Intrinsicality
definition:
Intrinsicality

In*trin`si*cal"i*ty
(?)
n.
The quality of being intrinsic; essentialness; genuineness; reality.


word: Intrinsically
definition:
Intrinsically

In*trin"sic*al*ly
(?)
adv.
Internally; in its nature; essentially; really; truly.

A lie is a thing absolutely and intrinsically evil.
South.


word: Intro-
definition:
Intro-

In"tro-
(?)
[L. intro, adv., inwardly, within. See Inter-.]
A prefix signifying within, into, in, inward; as, introduce, introreception, introthoracic.


word: Introcession
definition:
Introcession

In`tro*ces"sion
(?)
n.
[L. introcedere, introcessum, to go in; intro within + cedere to go.]
(Med.)
A depression, or inward sinking of parts.


word: Introduce
definition:
Introduce

In`tro*duce"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Introduced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Introducing (?).]
[L. introducere, introductum; intro within + ducere to lead. See Intro-, and Duke.]

1.
To lead or bring in; to conduct or usher in; as, to introduce a person into a drawing-room.

2.
To put (something into a place); to insert; as, to introduce the finger, or a probe.

3.
To lead to and make known by formal announcement or recommendation; hence, to cause to be acquainted; as, to introduce strangers; to introduce one person to another.

4.
To bring into notice, practice, cultivation, or use; as, to introduce a new fashion, method, or plant.

5.
To produce; to cause to exist; to induce.
[Obs.]

Whosoever introduces habits in children, deserves the care and attention of their governors.
Locke.

6.
To open to notice; to begin; to present; as, he introduced the subject with a long preface.


word: Introduction
definition:
Introduction

In`tro*duc"tion
(?)
n.
[L. introductio: cf. F. introduction. See Introduce.]

1.
The act of introducing, or bringing to notice.

2.
The act of formally making persons known to each other; a presentation or making known of one person to another by name; as, the introduction of one stranger to another.

3.
That part of a book or discourse which introduces or leads the way to the main subject, or part; preliminary; matter; preface; proem; exordium.

4.
A formal and elaborate preliminary treatise; specifically, a treatise introductory to other treatises, or to a course of study; a guide; as, an introduction to English literature.


word: Introductive
definition:
Introductive

In`tro*duc"tive
(?)
a.
[Cf. F. introductif.]
Serving to introduce; introductory.
In`tro*duc"tive*ly, adv.


word: Introductory
definition:
Introductory

In`tro*duc"to*ry
(?)
a.
[L. itroductorius: cf. F. introductoire.]
Serving to introduce something else; leading to the main subject or business; preliminary; prefatory; as, introductory proceedings; an introductory discourse.


word: Introgression
definition:
Introgression

In`tro*gres"sion
(?)
n.
[L. introgressus, p. p. of introgredi to go in; intro- within + gradi to step, go.]
The act of going in; entrance.
Blount.


word: Introit
definition:
Introit

In*tro"it
(?)
n.
[L. introitus, fr. introire to go into, to enter; intro within + ire to go: cf. F. introit.]

1.
A going in.
Caxton.

2.
(R. C. Ch.)
(a)
A psalm sung or chanted immediately before the collect, epistle, and gospel, and while the priest is entering within the rails of the altar.
(b)
A part of a psalm or other portion of Scripture read by the priest at Mass immediately after ascending to the altar.

3.
(R. C. Ch.)
An anthem or psalm sung before the Communion service.

4.
Any composition of vocal music appropriate to the opening of church services.


word: Intromission
definition:
Intromission

In`tro*mis"sion
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. intromission. See Intromit.]

1.
The act of sending in or of putting in; insertion.

2.
Specifically;
(Zool.)
The insertion of the male copulatory organ into the female in the process of coitus.
South.

Four populations [of the vlei rat] varied in a number of parameters of copulatory behavior, such as latency to first mount, number of intromissions per series, and latency to intromission after first ejaculation.
Edith Dempster (African Small Mammals Newsletter, Issue No. 16, May 1996, Laboratoir Mammifères & Oiseaux, Paris)

3.
The act of letting go in; admission.

4.
(Scots Law)
An intermeddling with the affairs of another, either on legal grounds or without authority.


word: Intromit
definition:
Intromit

In`tro*mit"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Intromitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Intromitting.]
[L. intromittere, intromissum; intro- within + mittere to send.]

1.
To send in or put in; to insert or introduce.
Greenhill.

2.
To allow to pass in; to admit.

Glass in the window intromits light, without cold.
Holder.


word: Intromittent
definition:
Intromittent

In`tro*mit"tent
(?)
a.
[L. intromittens, p. pr.]

1.
Throwing, or allowing to pass, into or within.

2.
(Zool.)
Used in copulation; -- said of the external reproductive organs of the males of many animals, and sometimes of those of the females.


word: Introrse
definition:
Introrse

In*trorse"
(?)
a.
[L. introrsus inward, contr. from introversus. See Introvert.]
(Bot.)
Turning or facing inward, or toward the axis of the part to which it belongs.
Gray.


word: Introspect
definition:
Introspect

In`tro*spect"
(?)
v. t.
[L. introspectus, p. p. introspicere to look into; intro within + specere to look. See Spy.]
To look into or within; to view the inside of.
Bailey.


word: Introspection
definition:
Introspection

In`tro*spec"tion
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. introspection.]
A view of the inside or interior; a looking inward;
specifically,
the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states; self-consciousness; reflection.

I was forced to make an introspection into my own mind.
Dryden.


word: Introspectionist
definition:
Introspectionist

In`tro*spec"tion*ist
n.
(Metaph.)
One given to the introspective method of examining the phenomena of the soul.


word: Introspective
definition:
Introspective

In`tro*spec"tive
(?)
a.
[Cf. F. introspectif.]

1.
Inspecting within; seeing inwardly; capable of, or exercising, inspection; self-conscious.

2.
Involving the act or results of conscious knowledge of physical phenomena; -- contrasted with associational.
J. S. Mill.


word: Introsume
definition:
Introsume

In`tro*sume"
(?)
v. t.
[Pref. intro- + L. sumere to take.]
To draw in; to swallow.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.


word: Introsusception
definition:
Introsusception

In`tro*sus*cep"tion
(?)
n.
1.
The act or process of receiving within.

The person is corrupted by the introsusception of a nature which becomes evil thereby.
Coleridge.

2.
(Med.)
Same as Intussusception.


word: Introvenient
definition:
Introvenient

In`tro*ven"ient
(?)
a.
[L. introveniens, p. pr. of introvenire to come in; intro within + venire to come.]
Coming in together; entering; commingling.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.


word: Introversion
definition:
Introversion

In`tro*ver"sion
(?)
n.
[See Introvert.]
The act of introverting, or the state of being introverted; the act of turning the mind inward.
Berkeley.


word: introversive
definition:
introversive

introversive
adj.
(Psychol.)
directed inward; marked by interest in oneself or concerned with inner feelings.  Contrasted with extroversive.
introvert, introverted, introvertive
introvertish, shut-in 
ambiversive
Also See: unsociable.


word: Introvert
definition:
Introvert

In`tro*vert"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Introverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Introverting.]
[Pref. intro- + L. vertere, versum, to turn.]

1.
To turn or bend inward.
Introverted
Cowper.

2.
To look within; to introspect.
Lew Wallace.


word: Introvert₂
definition:
Introvert

In"tro*vert`
(?)
n.
1.
A person who is introverted; one concerned predominantly with himself or his own feelings.  Contrasted with extrovert.

2.
A person who is shy.

3.
(Zool.)
A part that can be introverted{1}.


word: introverted
definition:
introverted

in"tro*vert`ed
adj.
1.
examining one's own sensory and perceptual experiences.  Contrasted with extrospective.

Syn. -- introspective.

2.
marked by concern predominantly with oneself or one's own feelings.  Contrasted with extroverted.

Syn. -- introvert, introvertive.


word: Intrude
definition:
Intrude

In*trude"
(?)
v. i.
[L. intrudere, intrusum; pref. in- in + trudere to thrust, akin to E. threat. See Threat.]
To thrust one's self in; to come or go in without invitation, permission, or welcome; to encroach; to trespass; as, to intrude on families at unseasonable hours; to intrude on the lands of another.

Thy wit wants edge
And manners, to intrude where I am graced.
Shak.

Some thoughts rise and intrude upon us, while we shun them; others fly from us, when we would hold them.
I. Watts.


word: Intrude₂
definition:
Intrude

In*trude"
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Intruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Intruding.]

1.
To thrust or force (something) in or upon; especially, to force (one's self) in without leave or welcome; as, to intrude one's presence into a conference; to intrude one's opinions upon another.

2.
To enter by force; to invade.
[Obs.]

Why should the worm intrude the maiden bud?
Shak.

3.
(Geol.)
The cause to enter or force a way, as into the crevices of rocks.


word: Intruder
definition:
Intruder

In*trud"er
(?)
n.
1.
One who intrudes; one who thrusts himself in, or enters without right, or without leave or welcome; a trespasser.

They were all strangers and intruders.
Locke.

2.
Specifically:
A person who enters a private residence or place of business with the intention to perform a criminal act; as, killed by an intruder.


word: Intrusion
definition:
Intrusion

In*tru"sion
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. intrusion. See Intrude.]

1.
The act of intruding, or of forcing in; especially, the forcing (one's self) into a place without right or welcome; encroachment.

Why this intrusion?
Were not my orders that I should be private?
Addison.

2.
(Geol.)
The penetrating of one rock, while in a plastic or metal state, into the cavities of another.

3.
(Law)
The entry of a stranger, after a particular estate or freehold is determined, before the person who holds in remainder or reversion has taken possession.

4.
(Scotch Ch.)
The settlement of a minister over a congregation without their consent.


word: Intrusionist
definition:
Intrusionist

In*tru"sion*ist
n.
One who intrudes; especially, one who favors the appointment of a clergyman to a parish, by a patron, against the wishes of the parishioners.


word: Intrusive
definition:
Intrusive

In*tru"sive
(?)
a.
Apt to intrude; characterized by intrusion; entering without right or welcome.

Intrusive rocks (Geol.), rocks which have been forced, while in a plastic or melted state, into the cavities or between the cracks or layers of other rocks. The term is sometimes used as equivalent to plutonic rocks. It is then contrasted with effusive or volcanic rocks.


word: Intrust
definition:
Intrust

In*trust"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Intrusted, p. pr. & vb. n. Intrusting.]
To deliver (something) to another in trust; to deliver to (another) something in trust; to commit or surrender (something) to another with a certain confidence regarding his care, use, or disposal of it; as, to intrust a servant with one's money or intrust money or goods to a servant.


word: Intubation
definition:
Intubation

In`tu*ba"tion
(?)
n.
[Pref. in- in + tube.]
(Med.)
The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as into the larynx in croup.


word: Intuition
definition:
Intuition

In`tu*i"tion
(?)
n.
[L. intuitus, p. p. of intueri to look on; in- in, on + tueri: cf. F. intuition. See Tuition.]

1.
A looking after; a regard to.
[Obs.]

What, no reflection on a reward! He might have an intuition at it, as the encouragement, though not the cause, of his pains.
Fuller.

2.
Direct apprehension or cognition; immediate knowledge, as in perception or consciousness; -- distinguished from “mediate” knowledge, as in reasoning; as, the mind knows by intuition that black is not white, that a circle is not a square, that three are more than two, etc.; quick or ready insight or apprehension.

Sagacity and a nameless something more, -- let us call it intuition.
Hawthorne.

3.
Any object or truth discerned by intuition.

4.
Any quick insight, recognized immediately without a reasoning process; a belief arrived at unconsciously; -- often it is based on extensive experience of a subject.

5.
The ability to have insight into a matter without conscious thought; as, his chemical intuition allowed him to predict compound conformations without any conscious calculation; a mother's intuition often tells her what is best for her child.


word: Intuitional
definition:
Intuitional

In`tu*i"tion*al
(?)
a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, intuition; characterized by intuition; perceived by intuition; intuitive.


word: Intuitionalism
definition:
Intuitionalism

In`tu*i"tion*al*ism
(?)
n.
(Metaph.)
The doctrine that the perception or recognition of primary truth is intuitive, or direct and immediate; -- opposed to sensationalism, and experientialism.


word: Intuitive
definition:
Intuitive

In*tu"i*tive
(?)
a.
[Cf. F. intuitif.]

1.
Seeing clearly; as, an intuitive view; intuitive vision.

2.
Knowing, or perceiving, by intuition; capable of knowing without deduction or reasoning.

Whence the soul
Reason receives, and reason is her being,
Discursive, or intuitive.
Milton.

3.
Received, reached, obtained, or perceived, by intuition; as, intuitive judgment or knowledge; -- opposed to deductive.
Locke.


word: Intuitivism
definition:
Intuitivism

In*tu"i*tiv*ism
(?)
n.
The doctrine that the ideas of right and wrong are intuitive.
J. Grote.


word: Intumesce
definition:
Intumesce

In`tu*mesce"
(?)
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Intumesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intumescing (?).]
[L. intumescere; pref. in- in + tumescere to swell up, incho. fr. tumere to swell. See Tumid.]
To enlarge or expand with heat; to swell; specifically, to swell up or bubble up under the action of heat, as before the blowpipe.

In a higher heat, it intumesces, and melts into a yellowish black mass.
Kirwan.


word: Intumescence
definition:
Intumescence

In`tu*mes"cence
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. intumescence.]

1.
The act or process of swelling or enlarging; also, the state of being swollen; expansion; tumidity; especially, the swelling up of bodies under the action of heat.

The intumescence of nations.
Johnson.

2.
Anything swollen or enlarged, as a tumor.


word: Inturbidate
definition:
Inturbidate

In*tur"bid*ate
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Inturbidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inturbidating.]
[Pref. in- in + turbid.]
To render turbid; to darken; to confuse.
[R.]

The confusion of ideas and conceptions under the same term painfully inturbidates his theology.
Coleridge.


word: Inturgescence
definition:
Inturgescence

In`tur*ges"cence
(?)
n.
[L. inturgescens, p. pr. of inturgescere to swell up. See 1st In-, and   Turgescent.]
A swelling; the act of swelling, or state of being swelled.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.


word: Intuse
definition:
Intuse

In"tuse
(ĭn"tūs)
n.
[L. intundere to bruise; pref. in- in + tundere, tusum, to beat, bruise.]
A bruise; a contusion.
[Obs.]
Spenser.


word: Intussuscepted
definition:
Intussuscepted

In`tus*sus*cep"ted
(?)
a.
[See Intussusception.]
Received into some other thing or part, as a sword into a sheath; invaginated.


word: Intussusception
definition:
Intussusception

In`tus*sus*cep"tion
(?)
n.
[L. intus within + susception.  Cf. Introsusception.]

1.
The reception of one part within another.

2.
(Med.)
The abnormal reception or slipping of a part of a tube, by inversion and descent, within a contiguous part of it; specifically, the reception or slipping of the upper part of the small intestine into the lower; introsusception; invagination.
Dunglison.

3.
(Bot.)
The interposition of new particles of formative material among those already existing, as in a cell wall, or in a starch grain.

4.
(Physiol.)
The act of taking foreign matter, as food, into a living body; the process of nutrition, by which dead matter is absorbed by the living organism, and ultimately converted into the organized substance of its various tissues and organs.

Dead bodies increase by apposition; living bodies by intussusception.
McKendrick.


word: Intwine
definition:
Intwine

In*twine"
(?)
v. t.
[Cf. Entwine.]
To twine or twist into, or together; to wreathe; as, a wreath of flowers intwined.
[Written also entwine.]


word: Intwist
definition:
Intwist

In*twist"
(?)
v. t.
[Cf. Entwist.]
To twist into or together; to interweave.
[Written also entwist.]


word: Inulin
definition:
Inulin

In"u*lin
(?)
n.
[From NL. Inula Helenium, the elecampane: cf. F. inuline.]
(Chem.)
A substance of very wide occurrence. It is found dissolved in the sap of the roots and rhizomes of many composite and other plants, as Inula, Helianthus, Campanula, etc., and is extracted by solution as a tasteless, white, semicrystalline substance, resembling starch, with which it is isomeric, having fructose units in place of most of the glucose units. It is intermediate in nature between starch and sugar, and replaces starch as the reserve food in Compositae. Called also dahlin, helenin, alantin, alant starch, etc.


word: Inuloid
definition:
Inuloid

In"u*loid
(?)
n.
[Inulin + -oid.]
(Chem.)
A substance resembling inulin, found in the unripe bulbs of the dahlia.


word: Inumbrate
definition:
Inumbrate

In*um"brate
(?)
v. t.
[L. inumbratus, p. p. of inumbrare to shade.]
To shade; to darken.
[Obs.]


word: Inunction
definition:
Inunction

In*unc"tion
(?)
n.
[L. inunctio, fr. inungere, inunctum, to anoint. See 1st In-, and Unction.]
The act of anointing, or the state of being anointed; unction; specifically (Med.), the rubbing of ointments into the pores of the skin, by which medicinal agents contained in them, such as mercury, iodide of potash, etc., are absorbed.


word: Inunctuosity
definition:
Inunctuosity

In*unc`tu*os"i*ty
(?; 135)
n.
The lack of unctuosity; freedom from greasiness or oiliness; as, the inunctuosity of porcelain clay.
Kirwan.


word: Inundate
definition:
Inundate

In*un"date
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Inundated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inundating.]
[L. inundatus, p. p. of inundare to inundate; pref. in- in + undare to rise in waves, to overflow, fr. unda a wave. See Undulate.]

1.
To cover with a flood; to overflow; to deluge; to flood; as, the river inundated the town.

2.
To fill with an overflowing abundance or superfluity; as, the country was inundated with bills of credit.


word: Inundation
definition:
Inundation

In`un*da"tion
(?)
n.
[L. inundatio: cf. F. inondation.]

1.
The act of inundating, or the state of being inundated; an overflow; a flood; a rising and spreading of water over grounds.

With inundation wide the deluge reigns,
Drowns the deep valleys, and o'erspreads the plains.
Wilkie.

2.
An overspreading of any kind; overflowing or superfluous abundance; a flood; a great influx; as, an inundation of tourists.

To stop the inundation of her tears.
Shak.


word: Inurbane
definition:
Inurbane

In`ur*bane"
(?)
a.
[L. inurbanus. See In- not, and Urbane.]
Uncivil; unpolished; rude. Opposite of urbane.
M. Arnold.
In`ur*bane"ly, adv. -- In`ur*bane"ness, n.


word: Inurbanity
definition:
Inurbanity

In`ur*ban"i*ty
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. inurbanité.]
Lack of urbanity or courtesy; unpolished manners or deportment; inurbaneness; rudeness.
Bp. Hall.


word: Inure
definition:
Inure

In*ure"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Inured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inuring.]
[From pref. in- in + ure use, work. See Ure use, practice, Opera, and cf. Manure.]
To apply in use; to train; to discipline; to use or accustom till use gives little or no pain or inconvenience; to harden; to habituate; to practice habitually.
inure
Milton.

He . . . did inure them to speak little.
Sir T. North.

Inured and exercised in learning.
Robynson (More's Utopia).

The poor, inured to drudgery and distress.
Cowper.

“Here the fortune of the day turned, and all things became adverse to the Romans; the place deep with ooze, sinking under those who stood, slippery to such as advanced; their armor heavy, the waters deep; nor could they wield, in that uneasy situation, their weighty javelins.  The barbarians on the contrary, were inured to encounter in the bogs, their persons tall, their spears long, such as could wound at a distance.”   In this morass the Roman army, after an ineffectual struggle, was irrecoverably lost; nor could the body of the emperor ever be found.  Such was the fate of Decius, in the fiftieth year of his age; . . .
Gibbon [quoting Tacitus] (Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Ch. 10)


word: Inure₂
definition:
Inure

In*ure"
v. i.
To pass into use; to take or have effect; to be applied; to serve to the use or benefit of; as, a gift of lands inures to the heirs.
[Written also enure.]


word: Inurn
definition:
Inurn

In*urn"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Inurned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inurning.]
To put in an urn, as the ashes of the dead; hence, to bury; to intomb.

The sepulcher
Wherein we saw thee quietly inurned.
Shak.


word: Inust
definition:
Inust

In*ust"
(?)
a.
[L. inurere, inustum, to burn in; pref. in- in + urere to burn.]
Burnt in.
[Obs.]


word: Inutile
definition:
Inutile

In*u"tile
(?)
a.
[L. inutilis: cf. F. inutile. See In- not, Utile.]
Useless; unprofitable.
[Obs.]
Bacon.


word: Inutility
definition:
Inutility

In`u*til"i*ty
(?)
n.
[L. inutilitas: cf. F. inutilité.]
Uselessness; the quality of being unprofitable; unprofitableness; as, the inutility of vain speculations and visionary projects.


word: Invade
definition:
Invade

In*vade"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Invaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Invading.]
[L. invadere, invasum; pref. in- in + vadere to go, akin to E. wade:  cf. OF. invader, F. envahir. See Wade.]

1.
To go into or upon; to pass within the confines of; to enter; -- used of forcible or rude ingress.
[Obs.]

Which becomes a body, and doth then invade
The state of life, out of the grisly shade.
Spenser.

2.
To enter with hostile intentions; to enter with a view to conquest or plunder; to make an irruption into; to attack; as, the Romans invaded Great Britain.

Such an enemy
Is risen to invade us.
Milton.

3.
To attack; to infringe; to encroach on; to violate; as, the king invaded the rights of the people.

4.
To grow or spread over; to affect injuriously and progressively; as, gangrene invades healthy tissue.


word: Invaginated
definition:
Invaginated

Invaginate

{ In*vag"i*nate (?), In*vag"i*na`ted (?), }
a.
(Biol.)
(a)
Sheathed.
(b)
Having one portion of a hollow organ drawn back within another portion.


word: Invagination
definition:
Invagination

In*vag`i*na"tion
(?)
n.
[L. pref. in- + vagina sheath.]

1.
(Biol.)
The condition of an invaginated organ or part.

2.
The inward movement of the wall of a tissue or cell, to form a cavity; also, the cavity thus formed.

3.
Specifically:
(Biol., Embryology)
The inward movement of one part of the wall of a blastula, to form a gastrula; the process of gastrulation, in which layers of the ovum are differentiated.

&hand_; In embolic invagination, one half of the blastosphere is pushed in towards the other half, producing an embryonic form known as a gastrula. -- In epibolic invagination, a phenomenon in the development of some invertebrate ova, the epiblast appears to grow over or around the hypoblast.


word: Invalescence
definition:
Invalescence

In`va*les"cence
(?)
n.
[L. invalescens, p. pr. of invalescere to become strong. See 1st In-, and Convalesce.]
Strength; health.
[Obs.]


word: Invalid
definition:
Invalid

In*val"id
(?)
a.
[Pref. in- not + valid: cf. F. invalide, L. invalidus infirm, weak.  Cf. Invalid infirm.]

1.
Of no force, weight, or cogency; not valid; weak.

2.
(Law)
Having no force, effect, or efficacy; void; null; as, an invalid contract or agreement.


word: Invalid₂
definition:
Invalid

In"va*lid
(?; 277)
n.
[F. invalide, n. & a., L. invalidus, a. See Invalid null.]
A person who is weak and infirm; one who is disabled for active service; especially, one in chronic ill health who is unable to care for himself.


word: Invalid₃
definition:
Invalid

In"va*lid
(?)
a.
[See Invalid, n.]
Not well; feeble; infirm; sickly; as, he had an invalid daughter.


word: Invalid₄
definition:
Invalid

In"va*lid
v. t.
1.
To make or render invalid or infirm.
Invalided
Dickens.

2.
To classify or enroll as an invalid.

Peace coming, he was invalided on half pay.
Carlyle.


word: Invalidate
definition:
Invalidate

In*val"i*date
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Invalidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invalidating.]
[From Invalid null.]
To render invalid; to weaken or lessen the force of; to destroy the authority of; to render of no force or effect; to overthrow; as, to invalidate an agreement or argument.


word: Invalidation
definition:
Invalidation

In*val`i*da"tion
(?)
n.
The act of inavlidating, or the state of being invalidated.

So many invalidations of their right.
Burke.


word: Invalidity
definition:
Invalidity

In`va*lid"i*ty
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. invalidité, LL. invaliditas lack of health.]

1.
Lack of validity or cogency; lack of legal force or efficacy; invalidness; as, the invalidity of an agreement or of a will.

2.
Lack of health; infirmity.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Temple.


word: Invariability
definition:
Invariability

In*va`ri*a*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. invariabilité.]
The quality of being invariable; invariableness; constancy; uniformity.


word: Invariable
definition:
Invariable

In*va"ri*a*ble
(?)
a.
[Pref. in- not + variable: cf. F. invariable.]
Not given to variation or change; unalterable; unchangeable; always uniform.

Physical laws which are invariable.
I. Taylor.


word: Invariance
definition:
Invariance

In*va"ri*ance
(?)
n.
(Math.)
The property of remaining invariable under prescribed or implied conditions.
J. J. Sylvester.


word: Invariant
definition:
Invariant

In*va"ri*ant
(?)
n.
(Math.)
An invariable quantity; specifically, a function of the coefficients of one or more forms, which remains unaltered, when these undergo suitable linear transformations.
J. J. Sylvester.


word: Invasion
definition:
Invasion

In*va"sion
(?)
n.
[L. invasio: cf. F. invasion. See Invade.]

1.
The act of invading; the act of encroaching upon the rights or possessions of another; encroachment; trespass.

2.
A warlike or hostile entrance into the possessions or domains of another; the incursion of an army for conquest or plunder.

3.
The incoming or first attack of anything hurtful or pernicious; as, the invasion of a disease.


word: Invasive
definition:
Invasive

In*va"sive
(?)
a.
[LL. invasivus: cf. F. invasif. See Invade.]
1.
Tending to invade; characterized by invasion; aggressive.
Invasive
Hoole.

2.
(Med.)
tending to spread, especially tending to intrude into healthy tissue; -- used mostly of tumors.
malignant


word: Invected
definition:
Invected

In*vec"ted
(?)
a.
[L. invectus carried in. See Inveigh.]
(Her.)
Having a border or outline composed of semicircles with the convexity outward; -- the opposite of engrailed.


word: Invection
definition:
Invection

In*vec"tion
(?)
n.
[L. invectio. See Inveigh.]
An inveighing against; invective.
[Obs.]
Fulke.


word: Invective
definition:
Invective

In*vec"tive
(?)
a.
[L. invectivus: cf. F. invectif. See Inveigh.]
Characterized by invection; critical; denunciatory; satirical; abusive; railing.


word: Invective₂
definition:
Invective

In*vec"tive
n.
[F. invective.]
An expression which inveighs or rails against a person; a severe or violent censure or reproach; something uttered or written, intended to cast opprobrium, censure, or reproach on another; a harsh or reproachful accusation; -- followed by against, having reference to the person or thing affected; as, an invective against tyranny.

The world will be able to judge of his [Junius'] motives for writing such famous invectives.
Sir W. Draper.


word: Inveigh
definition:
Inveigh

In*veigh"
(?)
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Inveighed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inveighing.]
[L. invehere, invectum, to carry or bring into or against, to attack with words, to inveigh; pref. in- in + vehere to carry. See Vehicle, and cf. Invective.]
To declaim or rail (against some person or thing); to utter censorious and bitter language; to attack with harsh criticism or reproach, either spoken or written; to use invectives; -- with against; as, to inveigh against character, conduct, manners, customs, morals, a law, an abuse.

All men inveighed against him; all men, except court vassals, opposed him.
Milton.

The artificial life against which we inveighed.
Hawthorne.


word: Inveigle
definition:
Inveigle

In*vei"gle
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Inveigled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inveigling (?).]
[Prob. fr. F. aveugler to blind, to delude, OF. aveugler, avugler, avegler, fr. F. aveugle blind, OF. aveugle, avugle, properly, without eyes, fr. L. ab + oculus eye. The pref. in- seems to have been substituted for a- taken as the pref. F. à, L. ad. See Ocular.]
To lead astray as if blind; to persuade to something evil by deceptive arts or flattery; to entice; to insnare; to seduce; to wheedle.

Yet have they many baits and guileful spells
To inveigle and invite the unwary sense.
Milton.


word: Inveiglement
definition:
Inveiglement

In*vei"gle*ment
(?)
n.
The act of inveigling, or the state of being inveigled; that which inveigles; enticement; seduction.
South.


word: Invendibility
definition:
Invendibility

In*vend`i*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
The quality of being invendible; invendibleness; unsalableness.


word: Invendible
definition:
Invendible

In*vend"i*ble
(?)
a.
[L. invendibilis. See In- not, and Vendible.]
Not vendible or salable.
Jefferson.
In*vend"i*ble*ness, n.


word: Invent
definition:
Invent

In*vent"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Invented; p. pr. & vb. n. Inventing.]
[L. inventus, p. p. of invenire to come upon, to find, invent; pref. in- in + venire to come, akin to E. come: cf. F. inventer. See Come.]

1.
To come or light upon; to meet; to find.
[Obs.]

And vowed never to return again,
Till him alive or dead she did invent.
Spenser.

2.
To discover, as by study or inquiry; to find out; to devise; to contrive or produce for the first time; -- applied commonly to the discovery of some serviceable mode, instrument, or machine.

Thus first Necessity invented stools.
Cowper.

3.
To frame by the imagination; to fabricate mentally; to forge; -- in a good or a bad sense; as, to invent the machinery of a poem; to invent a falsehood.

Whate'er his cruel malice could invent.
Milton.

He had invented some circumstances, and put the worst possible construction on others.
Sir W. Scott.


word: Invention
definition:
Invention

In*ven"tion
(?)
n.
[L. inventio: cf. F. invention. See Invent.]

1.
The act of finding out or inventing; contrivance or construction of that which has not before existed; as, the invention of logarithms; the invention of the art of printing.

As the search of it [truth] is the duty, so the invention will be the happiness of man.
Tatham.

2.
That which is invented; an original contrivance or construction; a device; as, this fable was the invention of Esop; that falsehood was her own invention; she patented five inventions.

We entered by the drawbridge, which has an invention to let one fall if not premonished.
Evelyn.

3.
Thought; idea.
Shak.

4.
A fabrication to deceive; a fiction; a forgery; a falsehood.

Filling their hearers
With strange invention.
Shak.

5.
The faculty of inventing; imaginative faculty; skill or ingenuity in contriving anything new; as, a man of invention.

They lay no less than a want of invention to his charge; a capital crime, . . . for a poet is a maker.
Dryden.

6.
(Fine Arts, Rhet., etc.)
The exercise of the imagination in selecting and treating a theme, or more commonly in contriving the arrangement of a piece, or the method of presenting its parts.

Invention of the cross (Eccl.), a festival celebrated May 3d, in honor of the finding of our Savior's cross by St. Helena.


word: Inventive
definition:
Inventive

In*vent"ive
(?)
a.
[Cf. F. inventif.]
Able and apt to invent; quick at contrivance; ready at expedients; as, an inventive head or genius.
Dryden.
In*vent"ive*ly, adv. -- In*vent"ive*ness, n.


word: Inventor
definition:
Inventor

In*vent"or
(?)
n.
[L.: cf. F. inventeur.]
One who invents or finds out something new; a contriver; especially, one who invents mechanical devices, new drugs, new processes, or other useful objects or procedures.


word: Inventorial
definition:
Inventorial

In`ven*to"ri*al
(?)
a.
Of or pertaining to an inventory.
In`ven*to"ri*al*ly, adv.
Shak.


word: Inventory
definition:
Inventory

In"ven*to*ry
(?)
n.
pl. Inventories (#).
[L. inventarium: cf. LL. inventorium, F. inventaire, OF. also inventoire. See Invent.]
1.
An account, catalogue, or schedule, made by an executor or administrator, of all the goods and chattels, and sometimes of the real estate, of a deceased person; a list of the property of which a person or estate is found to be possessed; hence, an itemized list of goods or valuables, with their estimated worth.
Hence:
Any listing, as in a catalogue, of objects or resources on hand and available for use or for sale.
Specifically,
the annual account listing the stock on hand, taken in any business.

There take an inventory of all I have.
Shak.
2.
The objects contained on an inventory{1};
especially:
the stock of items on hand in any business, either for sale and not yet sold, or kept as raw materials to be converted into finished products.

3.
The total value of all goods in an inventory{2}.

4.
The act of making an inventory{1}.


word: Inventory₂
definition:
Inventory

In"ven*to*ry
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Inventoried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inventorying.]
[Cf. F. inventorier.]
To make an inventory of; to make a list, catalogue, or schedule of; to insert or register in an account of goods; as, a merchant inventories his stock.

I will give out divers schedules of my beauty; it shall be inventoried, and every particle and utensil labeled.
Shak.


word: inventorying
definition:
inventorying

inventorying
n.
the act or process of making an inventory; making an itemized list of merchandise or supplies on hand.

Syn. -- inventory, stocktaking.


word: Inverisimilitude
definition:
Inverisimilitude

In*ver`i*si*mil"i*tude
(?)
n.
Lack of verisimilitude or likelihood; improbability.


word: Inverness cape
definition:
Inverness cape

Inverness

In`ver*ness" (?), n., or In`ver*ness" cape"
A kind of full sleeveless cape, fitting closely about the neck.
Robert's wind-blown head and tall form wrapped in an Inverness cape.
Mrs. Humphry Ward.


word: Inverse
definition:
Inverse

In*verse"
(?)
a.
[L. inversus, p. p. of invertere: cf. F. inverse. See Invert.]

1.
Opposite in order, relation, or effect; reversed; inverted; reciprocal; -- opposed to direct.

2.
(Bot.)
Inverted; having a position or mode of attachment the reverse of that which is usual.

3.
(Math.)
Opposite in nature and effect; -- said with reference to any two operations, which, when both are performed in succession upon any quantity, reproduce that quantity; as, multiplication is the inverse operation to division. The symbol of an inverse operation is the symbol of the direct operation with -1 as an index. Thus sin-1 x means the arc or angle whose sine is x.

Inverse figures (Geom.), two figures, such that each point of either figure is inverse to a corresponding point in the order figure. -- Inverse points (Geom.), two points lying on a line drawn from the center of a fixed circle or sphere, and so related that the product of their distances from the center of the circle or sphere is equal to the square of the radius. -- Inverse ratio, or Reciprocal ratio (Math.), the ratio of the reciprocals of two quantities. -- Inverse proportion, or Reciprocal proportion, an equality between a direct ratio and a reciprocal ratio; thus, 4 : 2 : : 1/3 : 1/6, or 4 : 2 : : 3 : 6, inversely.


word: Inverse₂
definition:
Inverse

In"verse
n.
That which is inverse.

Thus the course of human study is the inverse of the course of things in nature.
Tatham.


word: Inversely
definition:
Inversely

In*verse"ly
(?)
adv.
In an inverse order or manner; by inversion; -- opposed to directly.

Inversely proportional. See Directly proportional, under Directly, and Inversion, 4.


word: Inversion
definition:
Inversion

In*ver"sion
(?)
n.
[L. inversio: cf. F. inversion. See Invert.]

1.
The act of inverting, or turning over or backward, or the state of being inverted.

2.
A change by inverted order; a reversed position or arrangement of things; transposition.

It is just the inversion of an act of Parliament; your lordship first signed it, and then it was passed among the Lords and Commons.
Dryden.

3.
(Mil.)
A movement in tactics by which the order of companies in line is inverted, the right being on the left, the left on the right, and so on.

4.
(Math.)
A change in the order of the terms of a proportion, so that the second takes the place of the first, and the fourth of the third.

5.
(Geom.)
A peculiar method of transformation, in which a figure is replaced by its inverse figure. Propositions that are true for the original figure thus furnish new propositions that are true in the inverse figure. See Inverse figures, under Inverse.

6.
(Gram.)
A change of the usual order of words or phrases; as, “of all vices, impurity is one of the most detestable,” instead of, “impurity is one of the most detestable of all vices.”

7.
(Rhet.)
A method of reasoning in which the orator shows that arguments advanced by his adversary in opposition to him are really favorable to his cause.

8.
(Mus.)
(a)
Said of intervals, when the lower tone is placed an octave higher, so that fifths become fourths, thirds sixths, etc.
(b)
Said of a chord, when one of its notes, other than its root, is made the bass.
(c)
Said of a subject, or phrase, when the intervals of which it consists are repeated in the contrary direction, rising instead of falling, or vice versa.
(d)
Said of double counterpoint, when an upper and a lower part change places.

9.
(Geol.)
The folding back of strata upon themselves, as by upheaval, in such a manner that the order of succession appears to be reversed.

10.
(Chem.)
The act or process by which cane sugar (sucrose), under the action of heat and acids or enzymes (as diastase), is broken or split up into grape sugar (dextrose), and fruit sugar (levulose); also, less properly, the process by which starch is converted into grape sugar (dextrose).

&hand_; The terms invert and inversion, in this sense, owe their meaning to the fact that the plane of polarization of light, which is rotated to the right by cane sugar, is turned toward the left by levulose.

11.
(Meteorology)
A reversal of the usual temperature gradient of the atmosphere, in which the temperature increases with increased altitude, rather than falling.  Called also temperature inversion.
This condition in the vicinity of cities can give rise to a severe episode of atmospheric pollution, as it inhibits normal circulation of the air.

12.
(Electricity)
The conversion of direct current into alternating current; the inverse of rectification.  See inverted rectifier.

13.
(Genetics)
A portion of the genome in which the DNA has been turned around, and runs in a direction opposite to its normal direction, and consequently the genes are present in the reverse of their usual order.


word: Invert
definition:
Invert

In*vert"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Inverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inverting.]
[L. invertere, inversum; pref. in- in + vertere to turn. See Verse.]

1.
To turn over; to put upside down; to upset; to place in a contrary order or direction; to reverse; as, to invert a cup, the order of words, rules of justice, etc.

That doth invert the attest of eyes and ears,
As if these organs had deceptious functions.
Shak.

Such reasoning falls like an inverted cone,
Wanting its proper base to stand upon.
Cowper.

2.
(Mus.)
To change the position of; -- said of tones which form a chord, or parts which compose harmony.

3.
To divert; to convert to a wrong use.
[Obs.]
Knolles.

4.
(Chem.)
To convert; to reverse; to decompose by, or subject to, inversion. See Inversion, n., 10.


word: Invert₃
definition:
Invert

In"vert
(?)
a.
(Chem.)
Subjected to the process of inversion; inverted; converted; as, invert sugar.

Invert sugar (Chem.), a variety of sugar, consisting of a mixture of dextrose and levulose, found naturally in fruits, and produced artificially by the inversion of cane sugar (sucrose); also, less properly, the grape sugar or dextrose obtained from starch. See Inversion, Dextrose, Levulose, and Sugar.


word: Invertase
definition:
Invertase

In*vert"ase
(?)
n.
(Chem.)
(a)
An enzyme capable of effecting the inversion of cane suger, producing invert sugar. It is found in many plants and in the intestines of animals.
(b)
By extension, any enzyme which splits cane sugar, milk sugar, lactose, etc., into monosaccharides.


word: Invertebrata
definition:
Invertebrata

In*ver`te*bra"ta
(?)
n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. in- not + vertebratus vertebrate.]
(Zool.)
A comprehensive division of the animal kingdom, including all except the Vertebrata.


word: Invertebrate
definition:
Invertebrate

In*ver"te*brate
(?)
a.
(Zool.)
Destitute of a backbone; having no vertebræ; of or pertaining to the Invertebrata.
n. One of the Invertebrata.

Age of invertebrates. See Age, and Silurian.


word: Inverted
definition:
Inverted

In*vert"ed
(?)
a.

1.
Changed to a contrary or counterchanged order; reversed; characterized by inversion.

2.
(Geol.)
Situated apparently in reverse order, as strata when folded back upon themselves by upheaval.

Inverted arch (Arch.), an arch placed with crown downward; -- much used in foundations.


word: inverted rectifier
definition:
inverted rectifier

in*vert"ed rec"ti*fi`er
(?)
n.
(Electricity)
A device which converts direct current to alternating current.


word: Invertible
definition:
Invertible

In*vert"i*ble
(?)
a.
[From Invert.]
1.
Capable of being inverted or turned inside out.

2.
(Chem.)
Capable of being changed or converted; as, invertible sugar.


word: Invertible₂
definition:
Invertible

In*vert"i*ble
a.
[Pref. in- not + L. vertere to turn + -ible.]
Incapable of being turned or changed.

An indurate and invertible conscience.
Cranmer.


word: Invertin
definition:
Invertin

In*vert"in
(?)
n.
(Physiol. Chem.)
An enzyme which causes cane sugar to take up a molecule of water and be converted into invert sugar.


word: Invest
definition:
Invest

In*vest"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Invested; p. pr. & vb. n. Investing.]
[L. investire, investitum; pref. in- in + vestire to clothe, fr. vestis clothing: cf. F. investir. See Vest.]

1.
To put garments on; to clothe; to dress; to array; -- opposed to divest. Usually followed by with, sometimes by in; as, to invest one with a robe.

2.
To put on.
[Obs.]

Can not find one this girdle to invest.
Spenser.

3.
To clothe, as with office or authority; to place in possession of rank, dignity, or estate; to endow; to adorn; to grace; to bedeck; as, to invest with honor or glory; to invest with an estate.

I do invest you jointly with my power.
Shak.

4.
To surround, accompany, or attend.

Awe such as must always invest the spectacle of the guilt.
Hawthorne.

5.
To confer; to give.
[R.]

It investeth a right of government.
Bacon.

6.
(Mil.)
To inclose; to surround or hem in with troops, so as to intercept reinforcements of men and provisions and prevent escape; to lay siege to; as, to invest a town.

7.
To lay out (money or capital) in business with the view of obtaining an income or profit; as, to invest money in bank stock.

8.
Hence:
To expend (time, money, or other resources) with a view to obtaining some benefit of value in excess of that expended, or to achieve a useful pupose; as, to invest a lot of time in teaching one's children.


word: Invest₂
definition:
Invest

In*vest"
(?)
v. i.
To make an investment; as, to invest in stocks; -- usually followed by in.


word: Investient
definition:
Investient

In*vest"ient
(?)
a.
[L. investiens, p. pr. of investire.]
Covering; clothing.
[R.]
Woodward.


word: Investigable
definition:
Investigable

In*ves"ti*ga*ble
(?)
a.
[L. investigabilis. See Investigate.]
Capable or susceptible of being investigated; admitting research.
Hooker.


word: Investigable₂
definition:
Investigable

In*ves"ti*ga*ble
a.
[L. investigabilis. See In- not, and Vestigate.]
Unsearchable; inscrutable.
[Obs.]

So unsearchable the judgment and so investigable the ways thereof.
Bale.


word: Investigate
definition:
Investigate

In*ves"ti*gate
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Investigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Investigating.]
[L. investigatus, p. p. of investigare to investigate; pref. in- in + vestigare to track, trace. See Vestige.]
To follow up step by step by patient inquiry or observation; to trace or track mentally; to search into; to inquire and examine into with care and accuracy; to find out by careful inquisition; as, to investigate the causes of natural phenomena.


word: Investigate₂
definition:
Investigate

In*ves"ti*gate
v. i.
To pursue a course of investigation and study; to make investigation.


word: investigating
definition:
investigating

investigating
n.
the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically.

Syn. -- investigation.


word: Investigation
definition:
Investigation

In*ves`ti*ga"tion
(?)
n.
[L. investigatio: cf. F. investigation.]
The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research; study; inquiry, esp. patient or thorough inquiry or examination; as, the investigations of the philosopher and the mathematician; the investigations of the judge, the moralist.


word: Investigator
definition:
Investigator

In*ves"ti*ga`tor
(?)
n.
[L.: cf. F. investigateur.]
One who searches diligently into a subject.


word: investigatory
definition:
investigatory

investigatory
adj.
Of or pertaining to an investigation; accomplished by investigation; designed to find information or ascertain facts; as, investigatory committee; the investigatory excesses of the prosecutor.

Syn. -- fact-finding, investigative.


word: investing
definition:
investing

investing
n.
the act or process of expending resources, especially money, to achieve rewards.

Syn. -- investment.


word: Investiture
definition:
Investiture

In*ves"ti*ture
(?; 135)
n.
[LL. investitura: cf. F. investiture.]

1.
The act or ceremony of investing, or the state of being invested, as with an office; a giving possession; also, the right of so investing.

He had refused to yield up to the pope the investiture of bishops.
Sir W. Raleigh.

2.
(Feudal Law)
Livery of seizin.

The grant of land or a feud was perfected by the ceremony of corporal investiture, or open delivery of possession.
Blackstone.

3.
That with which anyone is invested or clothed; investment; clothing; covering.

While we yet have on
Our gross investiture of mortal weeds.
Trench.


word: Investment
definition:
Investment

In*vest"ment
(?)
n.
1.
The act of investing, or the state of being invested.

2.
That with which anyone is invested; a vestment.

Whose white investments figure innocence.
Shak.

3.
(Mil.)
The act of surrounding, blocking up, or besieging by an armed force, or the state of being so surrounded.

The capitulation was signed by the commander of the fort within six days after its investments.
Marshall.

4.
The laying out of money in the purchase of some species of property; also, the amount of money invested, or that in which money is invested.

Before the investment could be made, a change of the market might render it ineligible.
A. Hamilton.

An investment in ink, paper, and steel pens.
Hawthorne.


word: Inveteracy
definition:
Inveteracy

In*vet"er*a*cy
(?)
n.
[From Inveterate.]

1.
Firm establishment by long continuance; firmness or deep-rooted obstinacy of any quality or state acquired by time; as, the inveteracy of custom, habit, or disease; -- usually in a bad sense; as, the inveteracy of prejudice or of error.

An inveteracy of evil habits that will prompt him to contract more.
A. Tucker.

2.
Malignity; spitefulness; virulency.

The rancor of pamphlets, the inveteracy of epigrams, and the mortification of lampoons.
Guardian.


word: Inveterate
definition:
Inveterate

In*vet"er*ate
(?)
a.
[L. inveteratus, p. p. of inveterare to render old; pref. in- in + vetus, veteris, old. See Veteran.]

1.
Old; long-established.
[Obs.]

It is an inveterate and received opinion.
Bacon.

2.
Firmly established by long continuance; obstinate; deep-rooted; of long standing; as, an inveterate disease; an inveterate abuse.

Heal the inveterate canker of one wound.
Shak.

3.
Having habits fixed by long continuance; confirmed; habitual; as, an inveterate idler or smoker.

4.
Malignant; virulent; spiteful.
H. Brooke.


word: Invidious
definition:
Invidious

In*vid"i*ous
(?)
a.
[L. invidiosus, fr. invidia envy. See Envy, and cf. Envious.]

1.
Envious; malignant.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.

2.
Worthy of envy; desirable; enviable.
[Obs.]

Such a person appeareth in a far more honorable and invidious state than any prosperous man.
Barrow.

3.
Likely to or intended to incur or produce ill will, or to provoke envy or resentment; hateful; offensive; as, invidious distinctions.

Agamemnon found it an invidious affair to give the preference to any one of the Grecian heroes.
Broome.


word: Invigilancy
definition:
Invigilancy

Invigilance

{ In*vig"i*lance (?), In*vig"i*lan*cy (?), }
n.
[in- not + vigilance: cf. OF. invigilance.]
Lack of vigilance; neglect of watching; carelessness.


word: invigilate
definition:
invigilate

invigilate
n.
(ĭn*vĭj"ĭl*āt)
[imp. & p. p. Invigilated (ĭn*vĭj"ĭl*ā`tĕd); p. pr. & vb. n. Invigilating.]
[L. invigilare to stay awake, to be vigilant.]
To keep watch.

2.
To keep watch over examination candidates to prevent cheating.
[British]


word: invigilation
definition:
invigilation

invigilation
n.
keeping watch over examination candidates to prevent cheating.
[British]


word: invigilator
definition:
invigilator

invigilator
n.
someone who watches examination candidates to prevent cheating.
[British]


word: Invigorate
definition:
Invigorate

In*vig"or*ate
(ĭn*vĭg"ẽr*āt)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Invigorated (ĭn*vĭg"ẽr*ā`tĕd); p. pr. & vb. n. Invigorating.]
[Pref. in- in + vigor.]
To give vigor to; to strengthen; to animate; to give life and energy to.

Christian graces and virtues they can not be, unless fed, invigorated, and animated by universal charity.
Atterbury.


word: Invincibility
definition:
Invincibility

In*vin`ci*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. invincibilité.]
The quality or state of being invincible; invincibleness.


word: Invincible
definition:
Invincible

In*vin"ci*ble
(?)
a.
[L. invincibilis: cf. F. invincible. See In- not, and Vincible.]
Incapable of being conquered, overcome, or subdued; unconquerable; insuperable; as, an invincible army, or obstacle.

Lead forth to battle these my sons
Invincible.
Milton.


word: Inviolability
definition:
Inviolability

In*vi`o*la*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
[L. inviolabilitas: cf. F. inviolabilité.]
The quality or state of being inviolable; inviolableness.


word: Inviolable
definition:
Inviolable

In*vi"o*la*ble
(?)
a.
[L. inviolabilis: cf. F. inviolable. See Inviolate, a.]

1.
Not violable; not susceptible of hurt, wound, or harm (used with respect to either physical or moral damage); not susceptible of being profaned or corrupted; sacred; holy; as, inviolable honor or chastity; an inviolable shrine.

He tried a third, a tough, well-chosen spear,
The inviolable body stood sincere.
Dryden.

2.
Unviolated; uninjured; undefiled; uncorrupted.

For thou, be sure, shalt give account
To him who sent us, whose charge is to keep
This place inviolable, and these from harm.
Milton.

3.
Not capable of being broken or violated; as, an inviolable covenant, agreement, promise, or vow.

Their almighty Maker first ordained
And bound them with inviolable bands.
Spenser.

And keep our faiths firm and inviolable.
Shak.


word: Inviolableness
definition:
Inviolableness

In*vi"o*la*ble*ness
n.
The quality or state of being inviolable; as, the inviolableness of divine justice.


word: Inviolacy
definition:
Inviolacy

In*vi"o*la*cy
(?)
n.
The state or quality of being inviolate; as, the inviolacy of an oath.


word: Inviolated
definition:
Inviolated

Inviolate

{ In*vi"o*late (?), In*vi"o*la`ted (?), }
a.
[L. inviolatus. See In- not, and Violate.]

1.
Not violated; uninjured; unhurt; unbroken.

His fortune of arms was still inviolate.
Bacon.

2.
Not corrupted, defiled, or profaned; chaste; pure.
Inviolate
Denham.

There chaste Alceste lives inviolate.
Spenser.


word: Invious
definition:
Invious

In"vi*ous
(?)
a.
[L. invius; pref. in- not + via way.]
Untrodden.
[R.]
Hudibras.
In"vi*ous*ness, n. [R.]


word: Inviscate
definition:
Inviscate

In*vis"cate
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Inviscated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inviscating (?).]
[L. inviscatus, p. p. of inviscare to birdlime; pref. in- in + viscum, viscus, the mistletoe, birdlime.]
To daub or catch with glue or birdlime; to entangle with glutinous matter.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.


word: Inviscerate
definition:
Inviscerate

In*vis"cer*ate
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Inviscerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inviscerating.]
[L. invisceratus, p. p. of inviscerare to put into the entrails. See Viscera.]
To breed; to nourish.
[R.]
W. Montagu.


word: Inviscerate₂
definition:
Inviscerate

In*vis"cer*ate
(?)
a.
[L. invisceratus, p. p.]
Deep-seated; internal.
[R.]
W. Montagu.


word: Invisibility
definition:
Invisibility

In*vis`i*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
pl. Invisibilities (#).
[L. invisibilitas: cf. F. invisibilité.]
The state or quality of being invisible; also, that which is invisible.
invisibilities
Landor.


word: Invisible
definition:
Invisible

In*vis"i*ble
(?)
a.
[F. invisible, L. invisibilis. See In- not, and Visible.]
1.
Incapable of being seen; not perceptible by vision; not visible.
Specifically:
(a)
Not visible due to an inherent property, such as lack of color; as, the invisible air; invisible ink;
(b)
hidden from view; out of sight;
(c)
Not perceptible due to lack of light;
(d)
Too small or too distant to be perceived; as, people on the ground invisible at cruising altitude.

To us invisible, or dimly seen
In these thy lowest works.
Milton.

2.
Hidden from the public; as, invisible transactions.

3.
imperceptible to the mind; as, differences invisible to most observers.

Invisible bird (Zool.), a small, shy singing bird (Myadestes sibilons), of St. Vincent Islands. -- Invisible green, a very dark shade of green, approaching to black, and liable to be mistaken for it.


word: Invisible₂
definition:
Invisible

In*vis"i*ble
n.
1.
An invisible person or thing; specifically, God, the Supreme Being.

2.
A Rosicrucian; -- so called because avoiding declaration of his craft.
[Obs.]

3.
(Eccl. Hist.)
One of those (as in the 16th century) who denied the visibility of the church.
Shipley.


word: invisible ink
definition:
invisible ink

in*vis"i*ble ink`
n.
A fluid that has no color in the visible spectrum, but may be detected under certain conditions, as under ultraviolet light.  It may be used to write notes not readable under normal light.


word: Invitation
definition:
Invitation

In`vi*ta"tion
(?)
n.
[L. invitatio: cf. F. invitation. See Invite.]

1.
The act of inviting; solicitation; the requesting of a person's company; as, an invitation to a party, to a dinner, or to visit a friend.

2.
A document written or printed, or spoken words, conveying the message by which one is invited.

3.
Allurement; enticement.
[R.]

She gives the leer of invitation.
Shak.


word: invitational
definition:
invitational

invitational
adj.
open only to persons issued an invitation; -- of gatherings, usually sports events; as, an invitational tournament.

Syn. -- invitation(prenominal).


word: Invitatory
definition:
Invitatory

In*vi"ta*to*ry
(?)
a.
[L. invitatorius: cf. F. invitatoire.]
Using or containing invitations.

The “Venite” [Psalm xcv.], which is also called the invitatory psalm.
Hook.


word: Invitatory₂
definition:
Invitatory

In*vi"ta*to*ry
(?)
n.
pl. Invitatories (#).
[LL. invitatorium: cf. F. invitatoire.]
That which invites; specifically, the invitatory psalm, or a part of it used in worship.


word: Invite
definition:
Invite

In*vite"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Invited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inviting.]
[L. invitare: cf. F. inviter. See Vie.]

1.
To ask; to request; to bid; to summon; to ask to do some act, or go to some place; esp., to ask to an entertainment or visit; to request the company of; as, to invite to dinner, or a wedding, or an excursion.

So many guests invite as here are writ.
Shak.

I invite his Grace of Castle Rackrent to reflect on this.
Carlyle.

2.
To allure; to draw to; to tempt to come; to induce by pleasure or hope; to attract.

To inveigle and invite the unwary sense.
Milton.

Shady groves, that easy sleep invite.
Dryden.

There no delusive hope invites despair.
Cowper.

3.
To give occasion for; as, to invite criticism.


word: Inviting
definition:
Inviting

In*vit"ing
(?)
a.
Alluring; tempting; as, an inviting amusement or prospect.

Nothing is so easy and inviting as the retort of abuse and sarcasm.
W. Irving.


word: Invitrifiable
definition:
Invitrifiable

In*vit"ri*fi`a*ble
(?)
a.
Not admitting of being vitrified, or converted into glass.
Kirwan.


word: Invocate
definition:
Invocate

In"vo*cate
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Invocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invocating (?).]
[L. invocatus, p. p. of invocare. See Invoke.]
To invoke; to call on, or for, in supplication; to implore.

If Dagon be thy god,
Go to his temple, invocate his aid.
Milton.


word: Invocation
definition:
Invocation

In`vo*ca"tion
(?)
n.
[F. invocation, L. invocatio.]

1.
The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being; earnest and solemn entreaty; esp., prayer offered to a divine being.

Sweet invocation of a child; most pretty and pathetical!
Shak.

The whole poem is a prayer to Fortune, and the invocation is divided between the two deities.
Addison.

2.
(Law)
A call or summons; especially, a judicial call, demand, or order; as, the invocation of papers or evidence into court.


word: Invoice
definition:
Invoice

In"voice`
(?)
n.
[F. envois things sent, goods forwarded, pl. of envoi a sending or things sent, fr. envoyer to send; cf. F. lettre d'envoi letter of advice of goods forwarded. See Envoy.]

1.
(Com.)
A written account of the particulars of merchandise shipped or sent to a purchaser, consignee, factor, etc., with the value or prices and charges annexed.
Wharton.

2.
The lot or set of goods as shipped or received; as, the merchant receives a large invoice of goods.


word: Invoice₂
definition:
Invoice

In"voice`
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Invoiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invoicing (?).]
To make a written list or account of, as goods to be sent to a consignee; to insert in a priced list; to write or enter in an invoice.

Goods, wares, and merchandise imported from Norway, and invoiced in the current dollar of Norway.
Madison.


word: Invoke
definition:
Invoke

In*voke"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Invoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invoking.]
[F. invoquer, L. invocare; pref. in- in, on + vocare to call, fr. vox voice. See Voice, and cf. Invocate.]
To call on for aid or protection; to invite earnestly or solemnly; to summon; to address in prayer; to solicit or demand by invocation; to implore; as, to invoke the Supreme Being, or to invoke His and blessing.

Go, my dread lord, to your great grandsire's tomb, . . . 
Invoke his warlike spirit.
Shak.


word: Involucel
definition:
Involucel

In*vol"u*cel
(?; 277)
n.
[Dim. of involucre, or involucrum: cf. F. involucelle.]
(Bot.)
A partial, secondary, or small involucre. See Illust. of Involucre.


word: Involucral
definition:
Involucral

In`vo*lu"cral
(?)
a.
[Cf. F. involucral.]
Pertaining to, possessing, or like, an involucrum.


word: Involucrated
definition:
Involucrated

Involucrate

{ In`vo*lu"crate (?), In`vo*lu"cra*ted (?), }
a.
(Bot.)
Having an involucre; involucred.


word: Involucre
definition:
Involucre

In"vo*lu`cre
(?; 277)
n.
[L. involucrum a covering, wrapper, fr. involvere to wrap up, envelop: cf. F. involucre. See Involve.]
(Bot.)
(a)
A whorl or set of bracts around a flower, umbel, or head.
(b)
A continuous marginal covering of sporangia, in certain ferns, as in the common brake, or the cup-shaped processes of the filmy ferns.
(c)
The peridium or volva of certain fungi. Called also involucrum.


word: Involucrum
definition:
Involucrum

In`vo*lu"crum
(?)
n.
pl. L. Involucra (#), E. Involucrums (#).
[L. See Involucre.]

1.
(Bot.)
See Involucre.

2.
(Zool.)
A sheath which surrounds the base of the lasso cells in the Siphonophora.


word: Involuntarily
definition:
Involuntarily

In*vol"un*ta*ri*ly
(?)
adv.
[From Involuntary.]
In an involuntary manner; not voluntarily; not intentionally or willingly.


word: Involuntariness
definition:
Involuntariness

In*vol"un*ta*ri*ness
(?)
n.
The quality or state of being involuntary; unwillingness; automatism.


word: Involuntary
definition:
Involuntary

In*vol"un*ta*ry
(?)
a.
[L. involuntarius. See In- not, and Voluntary.]

1.
Not having will or the power of choice.

2.
Not under the influence or control of the will; not voluntary; as, the involuntary movements of the body; involuntary muscle fibers.

3.
Not proceeding from choice; done unwillingly; reluctant; compulsory; as, involuntary submission.


word: Involuted
definition:
Involuted

Involute

{ In"vo*lute (?), In"vo*lu`ted (?), }
a.
[L. involutus, p. p. of involvere. See Involve.]
1.
(Bot.)
Rolled inward from the edges; -- said of leaves in vernation, or of the petals of flowers in æstivation.
Gray.

2.
(Zool.)
(a)
Turned inward at the margin, as the exterior lip of the Cyprea.
(b)
Rolled inward spirally.


word: Involute
definition:
Involute

In"vo*lute
n.
(Geom.)
A curve traced by the end of a string wound upon another curve, or unwound from it; -- called also evolvent. See Evolute.


word: Involution
definition:
Involution

In`vo*lu"tion
(?)
n.
[L. involutio: cf. F. involution. See Involve.]

1.
The act of involving or infolding.

2.
The state of being entangled or involved; complication; entanglement.

All things are mixed, and causes blended, by mutual involutions.
Glanvill.

3.
That in which anything is involved, folded, or wrapped; envelope.
Sir T. Browne.

4.
(Gram.)
The insertion of one or more clauses between the subject and the verb, in a way that involves or complicates the construction.

5.
(Math.)
The act or process of raising a quantity to any power assigned; the multiplication of a quantity into itself a given number of times; -- the reverse of evolution.

6.
(Geom.)
The relation which exists between three or more sets of points, a.a′, b.b′, c.c′, so related to a point O on the line, that the product Oa.Oa′ = Ob.Ob′ = Oc.Oc′ is constant. Sets of lines or surfaces possessing corresponding properties may be in involution.

7.
(Med.)
The return of an enlarged part or organ to its normal size, as of the uterus after pregnancy.


word: Involve
definition:
Involve

In*volve"
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Involved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Involving.]
[L. involvere, involutum, to roll about, wrap up; pref. in- in + volvere to roll: cf. OF. involver. See Voluble, and cf. Involute.]

1.
To roll or fold up; to wind round; to entwine.

Some of serpent kind . . . involved
Their snaky folds.
Milton.

2.
To envelop completely; to surround; to cover; to hide; to involve in darkness or obscurity.

And leave a singèd bottom all involved
With stench and smoke.
Milton.

3.
To complicate or make intricate, as in grammatical structure.
Involved
Locke.

4.
To connect with something as a natural or logical consequence or effect; to include necessarily; to imply.

He knows
His end with mine involved.
Milton.

The contrary necessarily involves a contradiction.
Tillotson.

5.
To take in; to gather in; to mingle confusedly; to blend or merge.
[R.]

The gathering number, as it moves along,
Involves a vast involuntary throng.
Pope.

Earth with hell
To mingle and involve.
Milton.

6.
To envelop, infold, entangle, or embarrass; as, to involve a person in debt or misery.

7.
To engage thoroughly; to occupy, employ, or absorb.
Involved
Sir W. Scott.

8.
(Math.)
To raise to any assigned power; to multiply, as a quantity, into itself a given number of times; as, a quantity involved to the third or fourth power.


word: Involvement
definition:
Involvement

In*volve"ment
(?)
n.
The act of involving, or the state of being involved.
Lew Wallace.


word: Invulgar
definition:
Invulgar

In*vul"gar
(?)
v. t.
[Pref. in- in + vulgar.]
To cause to become or appear vulgar.
[Obs.]
Daniel.


word: Invulnerability
definition:
Invulnerability

In*vul"ner*a*bil`i*ty
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. invulnérabilité.]
Quality or state of being invulnerable.


word: Invulnerable
definition:
Invulnerable

In*vul"ner*a*ble
(?)
a.
[L. invulnerabilis: cf. F. invulnérable. See In- not, and Vulnerable.]

1.
Incapable of being wounded, or of receiving injury.

Neither vainly hope
To be invulnerable in those bright arms.
Milton.

2.
Unanswerable; irrefutable; that can not be refuted or convinced; as, an invulnerable argument.


word: Inwall
definition:
Inwall

In*wall"
(ĭn*w&asuml_;l")
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Inwalled (ĭn*w&asuml_;ld"); p. pr. & vb. n. Inwalling.]
To inclose or fortify as with a wall.
Spenser.


word: Inwall₂
definition:
Inwall

In"wall`
(ĭn"w&asuml_;l`)
n.
An inner wall; specifically (Metal.), the inner wall, or lining, of a blast furnace.


word: Inward
definition:
Inward

In"ward
(ĭn*wẽrd)
a.
[AS. inweard, inneweard, innanweard, fr. innan, inne, within (fr. in in; see In) + the suffix -weard, E. -ward.]

1.
Being or placed within; inner; interior; -- opposed to outward.
Milton.

2.
Seated in the mind, heart, spirit, or soul.
Inward
Shak.

3.
Intimate; domestic; private.
[Obs.]

All my inward friends abhorred me.
Job xix. 19.

He had had occasion, by one very inward with him, to know in part the discourse of his life.
Sir P. Sidney.


word: Inward₂
definition:
Inward

In"ward
n.
1.
That which is inward or within; especially, in the plural, the inner parts or organs of the body; the viscera.
Jer. Taylor.

Then sacrificing, laid the inwards and their fat.
Milton.

2.
The mental faculties; -- usually pl.
[Obs.]

3.
An intimate or familiar friend or acquaintance.
[Obs.]
inward
Shak.


word: Inwards
definition:
Inwards

Inward

{ In"ward (?), In"wards (?), }
adv.
[AS. inweard.  The ending -s is prop. a genitive ending. See Inward, a., -wards.]

1.
Toward the inside; toward the center or interior; as, to bend a thing inward.

2.
Into, or toward, the mind or thoughts; inwardly; as, to turn the attention inward.

So much the rather, thou Celestial Light,
Shine inward.
Milton.


word: Inwardly
definition:
Inwardly

In"ward*ly
(?)
adv.
[AS. inweardlice.]

1.
In the inner parts; internally.

Let Benedick, like covered fire,
Consume away in sighs, waste inwardly.
Shak.

2.
Toward the center; inward; as, to curve inwardly.

3.
In the heart or mind; mentally; privately; secretly; as, he inwardly repines.

4.
Intimately; thoroughly.
[Obs.]

I shall desire to know him more inwardly.
Beau. & Fl.


word: inward-moving
definition:
inward-moving

inward-moving
adj.
moving or directed toward the center or axis, especially when spinning or traveling in a curve.


word: Inwardness
definition:
Inwardness

In"ward*ness
n.
1.
Internal or true state; essential nature; as, the inwardness of conduct.

Sense can not arrive to the inwardness
Of things.
Dr. H. More.

2.
Intimacy; familiarity.
[Obs.]
Shak.

3.
Heartiness; earnestness.

What was wanted was more inwardness, more feeling.
M. Arnold.


word: Inweave
definition:
Inweave

In*weave"
(?)
v. t.
To weave in or together; to intermix or intertwine by weaving; to interlace.

Down they cast
Their crowns, inwove with amaranth and gold.
Milton.


word: Inwrap
definition:
Inwrap

In*wrap"
(?)
v. t.
[Written also enwrap.]

1.
To cover by wrapping; to involve; to infold; as, to inwrap in a cloak, in smoke, etc.

2.
To involve, as in difficulty or perplexity; to perplex.
[R.]
Bp. Hall.


word: Inwreathe
definition:
Inwreathe

In*wreathe"
(?)
v. t.
To surround or encompass as with a wreath.
[Written also enwreathe.]

Resplendent locks, inwreathed with beams.
Milton.


word: Inwrought
definition:
Inwrought

In*wrought"
(?)
p. p. or a.
[Pref. in- + wrought.  Cf. Inwork.]
Wrought or worked in or among other things; worked into any fabric so as to from a part of its texture; wrought or adorned, as with figures.

His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge,
Inwrought with figures dim.
Milton.


word: Io
definition:
Io

I"o
(?)
n.
pl. Ios (#).
[L.; cf. Gr. "iw`.]
An exclamation of joy or triumph; -- often interjectional.


word: Io₂
definition:
Io

I"o
(ē"&omacr)
prop. n.
[Gr. 'Iw`.]
1.
In Greek mythology, the beautiful daughter of Inachus, king of Argos, Greece, who was changed by Hera (Juno), in a fit of jealousy, into a white heifer, and placed under the watch of Argus of the hundred eyes.
   When Argus was killed by Hermes at the command of Zeus, the heifer was maddened by a terrible gadfly sent by Hera, and wandered about until she arrived in Egypt. There she recovered her original shape, and bore Epaphus to Zeus.  Epaphus became the ancestor of Ægyptus, Damaus, Cepheus, and Phineus.  She was identified by the Egyptians with Isis.  According to another legend, Io was carried off by Phoenician traders who landed in Argos. The myth is generally explained to be Aah or the moon wandering in the starry skies, symbolized by the hundred-eyed Argus; her transformation into a horned heifer representing the crescent moon.

Greek mythology, too, knew her [Astarte] as Iô and Europa, and she was fitly symbolised by the cow whose horns resemble the supine lunar crescent as seen in the south.
Seyce (Anc. Empires, p. 195).

2.
One of the large moons of the planet Jupiter, remarkable for its intense volcanic activity, as observed in fly-bys of space probes.  It was named after the mythological Io.
The remarkable images of Io and Jupiter obtained by the Galileo 2 space probe to Jupiter and Hubble photographs are available at the web site of NASA.  Reproduced here are:
Surface of Io.
Full disk of Io passing, over the clouds of Jupiter.
Jupiter with Io in transit.
More images are available at the NASA site.


word: Iodal
definition:
Iodal

I"o*dal
(ī"o̝*dal)
n.
[Iod- + alcohol.]
(Chem.)
An oily liquid, CI3.CHO, analogous to chloral and bromal.


word: Iodhydrin
definition:
Iodhydrin

I`od*hy"drin
(?)
n.
[Iod- + chlorhydrin.]
(Chem.)
One of a series of compounds containing iodine, and analogous to the chlorhydrins.


word: Iodic
definition:
Iodic

I*od"ic
(?)
a.
[Cf. F. iodique. See Iodine.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, iodine; specif., denoting those compounds in which it has a relatively high valence; as, iodic acid.

Iodic acid, a monobasic acid (HIO3), consisting of iodine with three parts of oxygen and one of hydrogen.


word: Iodide
definition:
Iodide

I"o*dide
(?)
n.
(Chem.)
A binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as binary, in which iodine has a valence of -1; as, potassium iodide.


word: iodinated
definition:
iodinated

iodinated
adj.
(Chem.)
treated or reacted with iodine; treated so as to combine with iodine.
The iodinating agent may be other than iodine itself, such as compounds with active iodine.

Syn. -- iodized.


word: iodinating
definition:
iodinating

iodinating
adj.
[p. p. of verb iodinate]
(Chem.)
combining or causing to combine with iodine; as, the active iodinating species; the in vivo iodinating mechanism.  Inverse of de-iodinating.


word: iodination
definition:
iodination

iodination
n.
(Chem.)
the substitution or addition of iodine atoms in organic compounds.


word: Iodine
definition:
Iodine

I"o*dine
(ī"o̝*dĭn or ī"o̝*dēn; 104)
n.
[Gr. 'iw`dhs violetlike; 'i`on a violet + e'i^dos form: cf. F. iode, iodine. The name was given from the violet color of its vapor. See Violet, Idyl.]
(Chem.)
A nonmetallic element, of the halogen group of atomic number 53, occurring always in combination, as in the iodides. When isolated it is in the form of dark gray metallic scales, resembling plumbago, soft but brittle, and emitting a chlorinelike odor.  Symbol I.  Atomic weight 126.90.  If heated, iodine volatilizes in beautiful violet vapors.

&hand_; Iodine was formerly obtained from the ashes of seaweed (kelp or varec), but is now also extracted from certain natural brines. In the free state, iodine, even in very minute quantities, colors starch blue. Iodine and its compounds are largely used in medicine (as in liniments, antisyphilitics, etc.), in photography, in the preparation of aniline dyes, and as an indicator in titration.

Iodine green, an artificial green dyestuff, consisting of an iodine derivative of rosaniline; -- called also night green. -- Iodine scarlet, a pigment of an intense scarlet color, consisting of mercuric iodide. -- Iodine yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment, consisting of plumbic iodide.


word: Iodism
definition:
Iodism

I"o*dism
(?)
n.
(Med.)
A morbid state produced by the use of iodine and its compounds, and characterized by palpitation, depression, and general emaciation, with a pustular eruption upon the skin.


word: Iodize
definition:
Iodize

I"o*dize
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Iodized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iodizing (?).]
To treat or impregnate with iodine or its compounds; as, to iodize a plate for photography.
R. Hunt.


word: iodized salt
definition:
iodized salt

i"o*dized salt"
(?)
n.
Table salt to which an inorganic iodide compound has been added as a nutritional supplement to prevent goiter.


word: Iod-₂
definition:
Iod-

Iodo-

{ I"o*do- (?), I"od- (?). }
(Chem.)
A prefix, or combining from, indicating iodine as an ingredient; as, iodoform.


word: Iodocresol
definition:
Iodocresol

I`o*do*cre"sol
(?)
n.
[Iodo- + cresol.]
(Org. Chem.)
Any of several isomeric iodine derivatives of the cresols, C6H3I(CH3)OH, esp. one, an odorless amorphous powder, used in medicine as a substitute for iodoform.


word: Iodoform
definition:
Iodoform

I*od"o*form
(?)
n.
[Iodo- + formyl. See Formyl, and cf. Chloroform.]
(Chem.)
A yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, CI3H, having an offensive odor and sweetish taste, and analogous to chloroform. It is used in medicine as a healing and antiseptic dressing for wounds and sores.


word: Iodoformogen
definition:
Iodoformogen

I`o*do*for"mo*gen
(?)
n.
[Iodoform + -gen root of gi`gnesqai to be born.]
(Pharm.)
A light powder used as a substitute for iodoform. It is a compound of iodoform and albumin.


word: Iodol
definition:
Iodol

I"o*dol
(?)
n.
[Iodo- + pyrrol.]
(Chem.)
A crystallized substance of the composition C4I4NH, technically tetra-iodo-pyrrol, used like iodoform.


word: Iodoquinine
definition:
Iodoquinine

I`o*do*qui"nine
(?)
n.
[Iodo- + quinine.]
(Chem.)
A iodide of quinine obtained as a brown substance,. It is the base of herapathite. See Herapathite.


word: Iodothyrin
definition:
Iodothyrin

I`o*do*thy"rin
(?)
n.
[Iodo- + thyro- + -in.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
A peculiar substance obtained from the thyroid gland, containing from nine to ten per cent of iodine.
&hand_; It is a very stable compound, and is believed to be active principle in thyroid extracts and in the internal secretion of the thyroid gland. It was originally called thyroiodin.

&hand_; It is probably an impure extract of thyroid gland, containing thyroxine.  See Merck Index 11th Ed. #9345, the entry for thyroidin.


word: Iodous
definition:
Iodous

I"o*dous
(?)
a.
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, iodine. See -ous (chemical suffix).

Iodous acid, a hypothetical acid, analogous to chlorous acid.


word: Iolite
definition:
Iolite

I"o*lite
(ī"o̝*līt)
n.
[Gr. 'i`on a violet  + -lite.]
(Min.)
A silicate of alumina, iron, and magnesia, having a bright blue color and vitreous luster; cordierite. It is remarkable for its dichroism, and is also called dichroite.  A variety called Caribbean iolite has a lighter blue color.


word: Io moth
definition:
Io moth

I"o moth`
(?; 115)
(Zool.)
A large and handsome American moth (Hyperchiria Io), having a large, bright-colored spot on each hind wing, resembling the spots on the tail of a peacock. The larva is covered with prickly hairs, which sting like nettles.


word: -ion
definition:
-ion

-ion
(?; 106)
[L. -io, acc. -ionem: cf. F. -ion.]
A noun suffix denoting act, process, result of an act or a process, thing acted upon, state, or condition; as, revolution, the act or process of revolving; construction, the act or process of constructing; a thing constructed; dominion, territory ruled over; subjection, state of being subject; dejection; abstraction.


word: Ion
definition:
Ion

I"on
(ī"&obreve_;n)
n.
[Gr. 'io`n, neut, of 'iw`n, p. pr. of 'ie`nai to go.]
1.
(Elec. Chem.)
an atom or goup of atoms (radical) carrying an electrical charge.  It is contrasted with neutral atoms or molecules, and free radicals.  Certain compounds, such as sodium chloride, are composed of complementary ions in the solid (crystalline) as well as in solution.  Others, notably acids such as hydrogen chloride, may occur as neutral molecules in the pure liquid or gas forms, and ionize almost completely in dilute aqueous solutions.  In solutions (as in water) ions are frequently bound non-covalently with the molecules of solvent, and in that case are said to be solvated.  According to the electrolytic dissociation theory, the molecules of electrolytes are divided into ions by water and other solvents. An ion consists of one or more atoms and carries one unit charges of electricity, 3.4 x 10-10 electrostatic units, or a multiple of this. Those which are positively electrified (hydrogen and the metals) are called cations; negative ions (hydroxyl and acidic atoms or groups) are called anions.
Thus, hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates, in aqueous solution, into the hydrogen ion, H+, and the chlorine ion, Cl-; ferric nitrate, Fe(NO3)3, yields the ferric ion, Fe+++, and nitrate ions, NO3-, NO3-, NO3-. When a solution containing ions is made part of an electric circuit, the cations move toward the cathode, the anions toward the anode. This movement is called migration, and the velocity of it differs for different kinds of ions. If the electromotive force is sufficient, electrolysis ensues: cations give up their charge at the cathode and separate in metallic form or decompose water, forming hydrogen and alkali; similarly, at the anode the element of the anion separates, or the metal of the anode is dissolved, or decomposition occurs.   Aluminum and chlorine are elements prepared predominantly by such electrolysis, and depends on dissolving compounds in a solvent where the element forms ions.  Electrolysis is also used in refining other metals, such as copper and silver.  Cf. Anion, Cation.

2.
One of the small electrified particles into which the molecules of a gas are broken up under the action of the electric current, of ultraviolet and certain other rays, and of high temperatures. To the properties and behavior of ions the phenomena of the electric discharge through rarefied gases and many other important effects are ascribed. At low pressures the negative ions appear to be electrons; the positive ions, atoms minus an electron. At ordinary pressures each ion seems to include also a number of attached molecules. Ions may be formed in a gas in various ways.


word: Ionian
definition:
Ionian

I*o"ni*an
(?)
a.
[L. Ionius. See Ionic.]
Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians; Ionic.
n. A native or citizen of Ionia.


word: Ionic
definition:
Ionic

I*on"ic
(?)
a.
[L. Ionicus, Gr. _;, fr. _; Ionia.]

1.
Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians.

2.
(Arch.)
Pertaining to the Ionic order of architecture, one of the three orders invented by the Greeks, and one of the five recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. Its distinguishing feature is a capital with spiral volutes. See Illust. of Capital.

Ionic dialect (Gr. Gram.), a dialect of the Greek language, used in Ionia. The Homeric poems are written in what is designated old Ionic, as distinguished from new Ionic, or Attic, the dialect of all cultivated Greeks in the period of Athenian prosperity and glory. -- Ionic foot. (Pros.) See Ionic, n., 1. -- Ionic mode, or Ionian mode, (Mus.), an ancient mode, supposed to correspond with the modern major scale of C. -- Ionic sect, a sect of philosophers founded by Thales of Miletus, in Ionia. Their distinguishing tenet was, that water is the original principle of all things. -- Ionic type, a kind of heavy-faced type (as that of the following line).
[1913 Webster]
&hand_;This is Nonpareil Ionic.


word: Ionic₂
definition:
Ionic

I*on"ic
n.
1.
(Pros.)
(a)
A foot consisting of four syllables: either two long and two short, -- that is, a spondee and a pyrrhic, in which case it is called the greater Ionic; or two short and two long, -- that is, a pyrrhic and a spondee, in which case it is called the smaller Ionic.
(b)
A verse or meter composed or consisting of Ionic feet.

2.
The Ionic dialect; as, the Homeric Ionic.

3.
(Print.)
Ionic type.


word: ionic
definition:
ionic

i*on"ic
a.
(Chem.)
Of or pertaining to ions; composed of ions, containing ions, or breaking down into ions when dissolved in a polar solvent; as, an ionic solution will conduct a current of electricity.  Opposite of nonionic.


word: Ionidium
definition:
Ionidium

I`o*nid"i*um
(?)
n.
[NL.  Cf. Iodine.]
(Bot.)
A genus of violaceous plants, chiefly found in tropical America, some species of which are used as substitutes for ipecacuanha.


word: Ionization
definition:
Ionization

I`on*i*za"tion
(?)
n.
(Elec. Chem.)
the process of converting neutral atoms or molecules into ions.  The process may occur by dissolving an ionic substance in a dissociating solvent, such as water, or by adding or subtracting an electron to or from an atom or molecule.  The latter process occurs, for example, in an electron beam in a mass spectrometer and by interaction of substances with ionizing radiation.


word: ionize
definition:
ionize

ionize
v. i.
1.
(Physics, Chemistry)
to dissociate into ions, as by dissolution in water or another polar solvent.


word: ionize₂
definition:
ionize

i"on*ize
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ionized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ionizing (?).]
(Physics, Chemistry)
To convert (an atom or molecule) into ions, e. g. by dissolving in water, by reaction with acid or alkali, or by interaction with ionizing radiation.  See ionization.


word: ionized
definition:
ionized

ionized
adj.
converted totally or partly into ions.  Opposite of nonionized and unionized.


word: ionizing radiation
definition:
ionizing radiation

ionizing radiation
n.
rays of rapidly moving subatomic particles, x-reys, or gamma rays, sufficiently energetic to cause ionization when absorbed by matter.
Such radiation is emitted by radioactive elements, or may be generated by highly energetic physical processes, as in stars.  When absorbed by living tissue, ionizing radiation can cause mutation, cellular damage, or death.


word: ionophore
definition:
ionophore

i*on"o*phore`
n.
[ion + -phore]
(Biochemistry)
A compound that enhances transport of ions across cellular membranes, by binding them and carrying them across.  As a class ionophores tend to be lipophilic in nature; each compound is usually specific for one or a small number of ions.


word: ionosphere
definition:
ionosphere

ionosphere
n.
the outer region of the earth's atmosphere, beyond which is the exosphere; it contains a high concentration of free electrons and ions, and extends from about 50 miles to about 250 miles above the earth's surface, but the height shows daily and seasonal variation, and the composition of the particles in the ionosphere is also affected by events such as solar flares.


word: Ioqua shell
definition:
Ioqua shell

I"o*qua shell`
(?)
[From the native name.]
(Zool.)
The shell of a large Dentalium (Dentalium pretiosum), formerly used as shell money, and for ornaments, by the Indians of the west coast of North America.


word: Iota
definition:
Iota

I*o"ta
(?)
n.
[L., fr. Gr. 'iw^ta. See Jot.]

1.
The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet (ι) corresponding with the English i.

2.
[from iota being the smallest letter in the Greek alphabet.]
A very small quantity or degree; a jot; a particle.

They never depart an iota from the authentic formulas of tyranny and usurpation.
Burke.

Iota subscript (Gr. Gram.), iota written beneath a preceding vowel, as a,, h,, w,, -- done when iota is silent.


word: Iotacism
definition:
Iotacism

I*o"ta*cism
(i̝*&omacr"tȧ*sĭz'm)
n.
[Gr. 'iotakismo`s a laying too much stress upon the iota (ι): cf. F. iotacisme. See Iota.]
The frequent use of the sound of iota (that of English e in be), as among the modern Greeks; also, confusion from sounding ε, ι, η, υ, ει, etc., like ι.
Littré.


word: I.O.U
definition:
I.O.U

I O U

I O U, I.O.U
(ī" &omacr" ū")
[phonetic, from  I owe you.]
A paper having on it these letters, with a sum named, and duly signed; -- in use in England as an acknowledgment of a debt, and taken as evidence thereof, but not amounting to a promissory note; a due bill.
Wharton. Story.


word: Iowas
definition:
Iowas

I"o*was
(?)
n. pl.
sing. Iowa.
(Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians which formerly occupied the region now included in the State of Iowa.


word: Ipecacuanha
definition:
Ipecacuanha

Ip`e*cac`u*an"ha
(ĭp`e̝*kăk`&uuptack_;*ăn"ȧ)
n.
[Pg. ipecacuanha (cf. Sp. ipecacuana); fr. Braz. ipe-kaa-guena, prop., a creeping plant that causes vomiting.]
(Med. & Bot.)
The root of a Brazilian rubiaceous herb (Cephaëlis Ipecacuanha), largely employed as an emetic; also, the plant itself; also, a medicinal extract of the root. Many other plants are used as a substitutes; among them are the black or Peruvian ipecac (Psychotria emetica), the white ipecac (Ionidium Ipecacuanha), the bastard or wild ipecac (Asclepias Curassavica), and the undulated ipecac (Richardsonia scabra).


word: Ipomoea
definition:
Ipomoea

Ip`o*mœ"a
(ĭp`o̝*mē"ȧ)
prop. n.
[NL. “Named, according to Linnæus, from Gr. 'i`ps, 'ipo`s, a bindweed [which it is not], and "o`moios like.” Gray.]
(Bot.)
A genus of twining plants with showy monopetalous flowers, including the morning-glory, the sweet potato, and the cypress vine.


word: Ipomoeic
definition:
Ipomoeic

Ip`o*mœ"ic
(ĭp`o̝*mē"ĭk)
a.
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the oxidation of convolvulin (obtained from jalap, the tubers of Ipomœa purga), and identical in most of its properties with sebacic acid.


word: Ipsus
definition:
Ipsus

Ipsus
prop. n.
a battle between the successors of Alexander the Great (301 BC); Lysimachus and Seleucus defeated Antigonus and Demetrius.

Syn. -- battle of Ipsus.


word: I.Q.
definition:
I.Q.

IQ

IQ, I.Q.
n.
a measure of a person's intelligence as indicated by an intelligence test; the ratio of a person's mental age to their chronological age (multiplied by 100).

Syn. -- intelligence quotient, IQ.


word: Ir
definition:
Ir

Ir
n.
(Chem.)
The chemical symbol for iridium, a metallic element of the platinum group.  It has atomic number 77 and an atomic weight of 192.22.

Syn. -- iridium.


word: IRA
definition:
IRA

IRA
n.
(Finance)
individual retirement account; -- a special type of savings account allowed by law to provide deferred taxation of the interest paid.
[U.S., acronym]

Syn. -- individual retirement account.


word: IRA₂
definition:
IRA

IRA
n.
The Irish Republican Army, a group in Ireland with the primary goal of promoting the unification of Ireland and the severing of the political bond of Northern Ireland with Great Britain, of mostly secret membership, with a militant wing sponsoring terrorist activities such as bombings and the killings of police, British soldiers, and Unionist sympathizers in Northern Ireland.
[Acronym]


word: Iran
definition:
Iran

I`ran"
(ē`rän")
n.
[Mod. Persian Irān.  Cf. Aryan.]
The native name of Persia, the name adopted by the modern nation of Iran.


word: Iranian
definition:
Iranian

I*ra"ni*an
(?)
a.
Of or pertaining to Iran.
n. A native of Iran; also, the Iranian or Persian language, a division of the Aryan family of languages, the modern version of which is called Farsi.


word: Iraqi
definition:
Iraqi

Iraqi
adj.
of or relating to Iraq or its people or culture; as, Iraqi oil; Iraqi terrorists.

Syn. -- Iraki.


word: Irascibility
definition:
Irascibility

I*ras`ci*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. irascibilité.]
The quality or state of being irascible; irritability of temper; irascibleness.


word: Irascible
definition:
Irascible

I*ras"ci*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irascibilis, fr. irasci to be angry, ira anger: cf. F. irascible. See Ire.]
Prone to anger; easily provoked or inflamed to anger; choleric; irritable; as, an irascible man; an irascible temper or mood.
I*ras"ci*ble*ness, n. -- I*ras"ci*bly, adv.


word: Irate
definition:
Irate

I*rate"
(?)
a.
[L. iratus, fr. irasci to be angry. See Ire.]
Angry; incensed; enraged.
[Recent]

The irate colonel . . . stood speechless.
Thackeray.

Mr. Jaggers suddenly became most irate.
Dickens.


word: Irenarch
definition:
Irenarch

I"re*narch
(?)
n.
[L. irenarcha, irenarches, Gr. _;; _; peace + _; to rule.]
(Gr. Antiq.)
An officer in the Greek empire having functions corresponding to those of a justice of the peace.
[Written also eirenarch.]


word: Irenical
definition:
Irenical

Irenic

{ I*ren"ic (?), I*ren"ic*al (?), }
a.
[Gr. _;.]
Fitted or designed to promote peace; pacific; conciliatory; peaceful.
Bp. Hall.


word: Irenicon
definition:
Irenicon

I*ren"i*con
(?)
n.
[NL., from Gr. _; peaceful, fr. _; peace.]
A proposition or device for securing peace, especially in the church.
South.


word: Irenics
definition:
Irenics

I*ren"ics
(?)
n.
(Eccl.)
That branch of Christian science which treats of the methods of securing unity among Christians or harmony and union among the churches; -- called also Irenical theology.
Schaff-Herzog.


word: Irideous
definition:
Irideous

Iridaceous

{ Ir`i*da"ceous (?), I*rid"e*ous (?), }
a.
[From NL. Iris, Iridis, the Iris.]
(Bot.)
Pertaining to, or resembling, a large natural order of endogenous plants (Iridaceæ), which includes the genera Iris, Ixia, Crocus, Gladiolus, and many others.


word: Iridal
definition:
Iridal

I"ri*dal
(?; 277)
a.
[L. iris, iridis, rainbow. See Iris.]
Of or pertaining to the iris or rainbow; prismatic; as, the iridal colors.
Whewell.


word: Iridectomy
definition:
Iridectomy

Ir`i*dec"to*my
(?)
n.
[Gr. _;, _;, iris + _; cutting out; _; out + te`mnein to cut.]
(Surg.)
The act or process of cutting out a portion of the iris in order to form an artificial pupil.


word: Iridescence
definition:
Iridescence

Ir`i*des"cence
(?)
n.
[See Iridescent.]
Exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow, especially a surface reflection which changes color with the angle at which the object is viewed; the quality or state of being iridescent; a prismatic play of color; as, the iridescence of mother-of-pearl.  It is due to interference of light waves reflected from the front and back surfaces of a thin layer transpatrent or semitransparent film.


word: Iridescent
definition:
Iridescent

Ir`i*des"cent
(?; 277)
a.
[L. iris, iridis, the rainbow: cf. F. iridescent.]
Having colors like the rainbow; exhibiting a play of changeable colors; nacreous; prismatic; as, iridescent glass.  See iridescence.


word: Iridic₂
definition:
Iridic

I*rid"ic
a.
(Chem.)
Of or pertaining to iridium; -- said specifically of those compounds in which iridium has a relatively high valence.


word: Iridious
definition:
Iridious

I*rid"i*ous
(i̝*rĭd"ĭ*ŭs)
a.
(Chem.)
Of or pertaining to iridium; -- applied specifically to compounds in which iridium has a low valence.


word: iridium
definition:
iridium

i*rid"i*um
(i̝*rĭd"ĭ*ŭm)
n.
[NL., fr. L. iris, iridis, the rainbow. So called from the iridescence of some of its solutions. See Iris.]
(Chem.)
A rare metallic element of atomic number 77, of the same group as platinum, which it much resembles, being silver-white and indifferent to most corrosive agents, but harder, more brittle, and with a higher melting temperature (2410° C, versus platinum 1772° C).  With the exception of osmium, it is the heaviest substance known, its specific gravity being 22.4. Symbol Ir. Atomic weight 192.22.

&hand_; Iridium usually occurs as a native alloy with osmium (iridosmine or osmiridium), which may occur alone or with platinum. Iridium, as an alloy with platinum, is used in bushing the vents of heavy ordnance. It is also used for the points of gold pens, and in a finely powdered condition (iridium black), for painting porcelain black.


word: Iridize
definition:
Iridize

Ir"i*dize
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Iridized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iridizing (?).]

1.
To point or tip with iridium, as a gold pen.

2.
To make iridescent; as, to iridize glass.


word: Iridoline
definition:
Iridoline

I*rid"o*line
(?)
n.
[Iridescent + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.)
A nitrogenous base C10H9N, extracted from coal-tar naphtha, as an oily liquid. It is a member of the quinoline series, and is probably identical with lepidine.


word: Iridosmium
definition:
Iridosmium

Iridosmine

{ Ir`i*dos"mine (?), Ir`i*dos"mi*um (?), }
n.
[Iridium + osmium.]
(Min.)
The native compound of iridium and osmium. It is found in flattened metallic grains of extreme hardness, and is often used for pointing gold pens.


word: Iris
definition:
Iris

I"ris
(?)
n.
pl. E. Irises (#), L. Irides (#).
[L. iris, iridis, the goddess, Gr. _;, _;, the rainbow, iris of the eye, the plant Iris.  Cf. Orris.]
1.
(Class. Myth.)
The goddess of the rainbow, and swift-footed messenger of the gods.
Shak.

2.
The rainbow.
Sir T. Browne.

3.
An appearance resembling the rainbow; a prismatic play of colors.
Tennyson.

4.
(Anat.)
The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, and forming the colored portion of the eye. See Eye.

5.
(Bot.)
A genus of plants having showy flowers and bulbous or tuberous roots, of which the flower-de-luce (fleur-de-lis), orris, and other species of flag are examples. See Illust. of Flower-de-luce.

6.
(Her.)
See Fleur-de-lis, 2.

7.
(Zool.)
the inner circle of an oscillated color spot.

8.
same as iris diaphragm.


word: Irisated
definition:
Irisated

I"ris*a`ted
(?)
a.
[See Iris.]
Exhibiting the prismatic colors; irised; iridescent.
W. Phillips.


word: Iriscope
definition:
Iriscope

I"ri*scope
(?)
n.
[Iris + -scope.]
A philosophical toy for exhibiting the prismatic tints by means of thin films.


word: Iris diaphragm
definition:
Iris diaphragm

I"ris di"a*phragm
An adjustable diaphragm, reminiscent of the iris of the eye in its action, by which the diameter of an approximately circular opening may be controlled, as for regulating the aperture of a lens; it consists of a number of movable thin curved plates fastened at regular intervals around the inside of a ring, the positions of which are simultaneously adjusted by a single knob on the outside of the lens. It is used in cameras and microscopes.


word: Irish
definition:
Irish

I"rish
(?)
a.
[AS. īrisc, fr. īras the Irish.  Cf. Aryan, Erse.]
Of or pertaining to Ireland or to its inhabitants; produced in Ireland.

Irish elk. (Zool.) See under Elk. -- Irish moss. (a) (Bot.) Carrageen. (b) A preparation of the same made into a blanc mange. -- Irish poplin. See Poplin. -- Irish potato, the ordinary white potato, so called because it is a favorite article of food in Ireland. -- Irish reef, or Irishman's reef (Naut.), the head of a sail tied up. -- Irish stew, meat, potatoes, and onions, cut in small pieces and stewed.


word: Irish₂
definition:
Irish

I*rish"
n. sing. & pl.
1.
pl.
The natives or inhabitants of Ireland, esp. the Celtic natives or their descendants.

2.
The language of the Irish; also called Irish Gaelic or the Hiberno-Celtic.

3.
An old game resembling backgammon.

get one's Irish up to become angry.


word: Irish-American
definition:
Irish-American

Irish American

I"rish A*mer"i*can, I"rish-A*mer"i*can
A native of Ireland who has become an American citizen; also, a child or descendant of such a person.


word: Irishman
definition:
Irishman

I"rish*man
(?)
n.
pl. Irishmen (_;).
A man born in Ireland or of the Irish race; an Hibernian.

Irishman's hurricane (Naut.), a dead calm. -- Irishman's reef. (Naut.) See Irish reef, under Irish, a.


word: Irk
definition:
Irk

Irk
(ẽrk)
v. t.
[OE. irken to tire, become tired; cf. Sw. yrka to urge, enforce, press, or G. ekel disgust, MHG. erklich disgusting; perh. akin to L. urgere to urge, E. urge.]
To weary; to give pain; to annoy.

To see this sight, it irks my very soul.
Shak.

It irketh him to be here.
M. Arnold.


word: Irksome
definition:
Irksome

Irk"some
(?)
a.
1.
Wearisome; tedious; disagreeable or troublesome by reason of long continuance or repetition; as, irksome hours; irksome tasks.

For not to irksome toil, but to delight,
He made us.
Milton.

2.
Weary; vexed; uneasy.
[Obs.]

Let us therefore learn not to be irksome when God layeth his cross upon us.
Latimer.
Wearisome nights are appointed to me.
Job vii. 3.

Pity only on fresh objects stays,
But with the tedious sight of woes decays.
Dryden.


word: Iron
definition:
Iron

I"ron
(ī"ŭrn)
n.
[OE. iren, AS. īren, īsen, īsern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. īsarn, OHG. īsarn, īsan, G. eisen, Icel. īsarn, jārn, Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W. haiarn, Armor. houarn.]

1.
(Chem.)
The most common and most useful metallic element, being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast iron, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number 26, atomic weight 55.847.  Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is superior to all other substances.

&hand_; The value of iron is largely due to the facility with which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and generating furnace).

2.
An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.

My young soldier, put up your iron.
Shak.

3.
pl.
Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.

Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
Macaulay.

4.
Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with a rod of iron.

5.
(Golf)
An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.

Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below). -- Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog. -- Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary. -- Fire irons. See under Fire, n. -- Gray irons. See under Fire, n. -- Gray iron. See Cast iron (above). -- It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill away on either tack. -- Magnetic iron. See Magnetite. -- Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less brittle, and to some extent malleable. -- Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a small amount of nickel and cobalt.  Cf. Meteorite. -- Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast furnace, being run into molds, called pigs. -- Reduced iron. See under Reduced. -- Specular iron. See Hematite. -- Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks requiring the attention at once. -- White iron. See Cast iron (above). -- Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly known in the arts, containing only about half of one per cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore, as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying (puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed into bars, it is called bar iron.


word: Iron₂
definition:
Iron

I"ron
(ī"ŭrn)
a.
[AS. īren, īsen. See Iron, n.]

1.
Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust.

2.
Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness.

3.
Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of endurance, insensibility, etc.;
Iron years of wars and dangers.
Rowe.

Jove crushed the nations with an iron rod.
Pope.
&hand_; Iron is often used in composition, denoting made of iron, relating to iron, of or with iron; producing iron, etc.; resembling iron, literally or figuratively, in some of its properties or characteristics; as, iron-shod, iron-sheathed, iron-fisted, iron-framed, iron-handed, iron-hearted, iron foundry or iron-foundry.

Iron age. (a) (Myth.) The age following the golden, silver, and bronze ages, and characterized by a general degeneration of talent and virtue, and of literary excellence. In Roman literature the Iron Age is commonly regarded as beginning after the taking of Rome by the Goths, A. D. 410. (b) (Archæol.) That stage in the development of any people characterized by the use of iron implements in the place of the more cumbrous stone and bronze. -- Iron cement, a cement for joints, composed of cast-iron borings or filings, sal ammoniac, etc. -- Iron clay (Min.), a yellowish clay containing a large proportion of an ore of iron. -- Iron cross, a German, and before that Prussian, order of military merit; also, the decoration of the order. -- Iron crown, a golden crown set with jewels, belonging originally to the Lombard kings, and indicating the dominion of Italy. It was so called from containing a circle said to have been forged from one of the nails in the cross of Christ. -- Iron flint (Min.), an opaque, flintlike, ferruginous variety of quartz. -- Iron founder, a maker of iron castings. -- Iron foundry, the place where iron castings are made. -- Iron furnace, a furnace for reducing iron from the ore, or for melting iron for castings, etc.; a forge; a reverberatory; a bloomery. -- Iron glance (Min.), hematite. -- Iron hat, a headpiece of iron or steel, shaped like a hat with a broad brim, and used as armor during the Middle Ages. -- Iron horse, a locomotive engine. [Colloq.] -- Iron liquor, a solution of an iron salt, used as a mordant by dyers. -- Iron man (Cotton Manuf.), a name for the self-acting spinning mule. -- Iron mold or Iron mould, a yellow spot on cloth stained by rusty iron. -- Iron ore (Min.), any native compound of iron from which the metal may be profitably extracted. The principal ores are magnetite, hematite, siderite, limonite, Göthite, turgite, and the bog and clay iron ores. -- Iron pyrites (Min.), common pyrites, or pyrite. See Pyrites. -- Iron sand, an iron ore in grains, usually the magnetic iron ore, formerly used to sand paper after writing. -- Iron scale, the thin film which forms on the surface of wrought iron in the process of forging. It consists essentially of the magnetic oxide of iron, Fe3O4. -- Iron works, a furnace where iron is smelted, or a forge, rolling mill, or foundry, where it is made into heavy work, such as shafting, rails, cannon, merchant bar, etc.


word: Iron₃
definition:
Iron

I"ron
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ironed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ironing.]

1.
To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes used with out.

2.
To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff.
Ironed
Sir W. Scott.

3.
To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.
iron out differences resolve differences; settle a dispute.


word: Ironbark tree
definition:
Ironbark tree

Ironbark

I"ron*bark`, I"ron*bark` tree`
(?)
(Bot.)
The Australian Eucalyptus Sideroxylon, used largely by carpenters and shipbuilders; -- called also ironwood.  Also applied to other Australian eucalyptuses with a hard, solid bark


word: Ironbound
definition:
Ironbound

I"ron*bound`
(?)
a.
1.
Bound as with iron; rugged; as, an ironbound coast.

2.
Rigid; unyielding; as, ironbound traditions.


word: Ironclad
definition:
Ironclad

I"ron*clad`
(?)
a.
1.
Clad in iron; protected or covered with iron, as a vessel for naval warfare.

2.
Rigorous; unbreakable; severe; exacting; inflexible; as, an ironclad oath or pledge.
[Colloq.]


word: Ironclad₂
definition:
Ironclad

I"ron*clad`
n.
A naval vessel having the parts above water covered and protected by iron or steel usually in large plates closely joined and made sufficiently thick and strong to resist heavy shot.  Modern naval vessels are made of steel throughout, and this term is only used in historical contexts.


word: Ironclad₃
definition:
Ironclad

I"ron*clad`
a.
1.
having an outer covering of iron or steel; as, an ironclad war vessel.

2.
so strong or secure as to be unbreakable; as, an ironclad contract.


word: irones
definition:
irones

irone

i"rone, i"rones
(?)
n.
A fragrant liquid substance, a mixture of several isomers of the formula C14H22O, forming the essence of the violet fragrance, commonly isolated from orris oil or from the rhizomes of Iris.   The main ingredient in violets is α-irone, which occurs as both cis and trans stereoisomers.  Called also 6-methylionone.


word: iron-fisted
definition:
iron-fisted

ironfisted

i"ron*fist`ed, i"ron-fist`ed
(?)
a.
1.
Closefisted; stingy; mean.

2.
Ruthless; tyrranical; allowing no opposition; as, an iron-fisted tyrant.


word: The Iron Gates
definition:
The Iron Gates

Iron Gate

I"ron Gate", The I"ron Gates"
(?)
prop. n.
A famous gorge, about 11/2 miles long, cut by the Danube in the Carpathian mountains near the intersection of Hungary, Serbia, and Rumania.


word: Iron-gray
definition:
Iron-gray

I"ron-gray`
(?)
a.
Of a gray color, somewhat resembling that of iron freshly broken.
n. An iron-gray color; also, a horse of this color.


word: Ironheads
definition:
Ironheads

I"ron*heads`
(?)
n.
(Bot.)
A European composite herb (Centaurea nigra); -- so called from the resemblance of its knobbed head to an iron ball fixed on a long handle.
Dr. Prior.


word: Iron-hearted
definition:
Iron-hearted

I"ron-heart`ed
(?)
a.
Hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; as, an iron-hearted master.
Cowper.


word: Ironical
definition:
Ironical

I*ron"ic*al
(?)
a.
[LL. ironicus, Gr. _; dissembling: cf. F. ironique. See Irony.]

1.
Pertaining to irony; containing, expressing, or characterized by, irony; as, an ironical remark.

2.
Addicted to the use of irony; given to irony.


word: Ironing
definition:
Ironing

I"ron*ing
(?)
n.
1.
The act or process of smoothing, as clothes, with hot flatirons.

2.
The clothes ironed.

Ironing board, a flat board, upon which clothes are laid while being ironed.


word: iron lung
definition:
iron lung

i"ron lung"
(?)
n.
A steel chamber, usually cylindrical, enclosing the entire body of a person except for the head, used to assist respiration for people suffering from disease, especially poliomyelitis.  A reciprocating piston at the end causes alternating high and low pressure inside, which forces or assists the breathing of the patient within.


word: iron maiden
definition:
iron maiden

i"ron maid"en
(?)
n.
An instrument of torture used in the middle ages, consisting of a box large enough to hold a person, often in the shape of a woman, and having multiple sharp spikes on the  inside.  Called also the iron maiden of Nuremberg.


word: iron-on
definition:
iron-on

i"ron-on`
(?)
a.
Able to be attached (to clothing) by applying pressure and heat, as with a hand iron; -- of cloth items specially made with a glue that is softened by heat; -- used especially of patches to clothing or accessories to clothing, such as replacement pockets.


word: Iron-sick
definition:
Iron-sick

I"ron-sick`
(?)
a.
(Naut.)
Having the ironwork loose or corroded; -- said of a ship when her bolts and nails are so eaten with rust that she has become leaky.


word: iron sickness
definition:
iron sickness

i"ron sick`ness
(?)
n.
(Naut.)
The the process of deterioration afflicting a ship that is iron-sick.


word: Ironsides
definition:
Ironsides

Ironside

I"ron*side`, I"ron*sides`
(?)
prop. n.
1.
A nickname for Oliver Cromwell.

2.
A nickname for Edmund II of England.
RHUD


word: Ironsides₂
definition:
Ironsides

I"ron*sides"
(?)
n.
A cuirassier or cuirassiers; also, hardy veteran soldiers; -- applied specifically to Cromwell's cavalry.
Old Ironsides. (U. S. Hist.) A nickname for the U.S.S. Constitution, a sailing ship which fought in the American Revolutionary war, and now functions as a floating museum in Boston harbor.  It was given its nickname because cannonballs bounced off its hard wooden sides.


word: Ironsmith
definition:
Ironsmith

I"ron*smith`
(?)
n.
1.
A worker in iron; one who makes and repairs utensils of iron; a blacksmith.

2.
(Zool.)
An East Indian barbet (Megalaima faber), inhabiting the Island of Hainan. The name alludes to its note, which resembles the sounds made by a smith.


word: Ironstone
definition:
Ironstone

I"ron*stone`
(?)
1.
n.
A hard, earthy ore of iron.

2.
ironstone china.

Clay ironstone. See under Clay. -- Ironstone china, a hard white pottery, first made in England during the 18th century.


word: Ironweed
definition:
Ironweed

I"ron*weed`
(?)
n.
(Bot.)
A tall weed with purplish flowers (Vernonia Noveboracensis). The name is also applied to other plants of the same genus.


word: Ironwood
definition:
Ironwood

I"ron*wood`
(?)
n.
(Bot.)
A tree unusually hard, strong, or heavy wood.

&hand_; In the United States, the hornbeam and the hop hornbeam are so called; also the Olneya Tesota, a small tree of Arizona; in the West Indies, the Erythroxylon areolatum, and several other unrelated trees; in China, the Metrosideros vera; in India, the Mesua ferrea, and two species of Inga; in Australia, the Eucalyptus Sideroxylon, and in many countries, species of Sideroxylon and Diospyros, and many other trees.


word: Ironwork
definition:
Ironwork

I"ron*work`
(?)
n.
Anything made of iron; -- a general name of such parts or pieces of a building, vessel, carriage, etc., as consist of iron.


word: Ironwort
definition:
Ironwort

I"ron*wort`
(?)
n.
(Bot.)
An herb of the Mint family (Sideritis), supposed to heal sword cuts; also, a species of Galeopsis.


word: Irony
definition:
Irony

I"ron*y
(?)
a.
[From Iron.]

1.
Made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; iron; as, irony chains; irony particles; -- In this sense iron is the more common term.
[R.]
Woodward.

2.
Resembling iron in taste, hardness, or other physical property.


word: Irony₂
definition:
Irony

I"ron*y
(?)
n.
[L. ironia, Gr. _; dissimulation, fr. _; a dissembler in speech, fr. _; to speak; perh. akin to E. word: cf. F. ironie.]

1.
Dissimulation; ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist.

2.
A sort of humor, ridicule, or light sarcasm, which adopts a mode of speech the meaning of which is contrary to the literal sense of the words.


word: Iroquois
definition:
Iroquois

Ir`o*quois"
(?)
n. sing. & pl.
[F.]
(Ethnol.)
A powerful and warlike confederacy of Indian tribes, formerly inhabiting Central New York and constituting most of the Five Nations. Also, any Indian of the Iroquois tribes.


word: Iroquoian
definition:
Iroquoian

Ir`o*quoi"an
(ĭr`o̝*kwoi"an)
a.
Of, pertaining to, or designating, one of the principal linguistic stocks of the North American Indians. The territory of the northern Iroquoian tribes, of whom the Five Nations, or Iroquois proper, were the chief, extended from the shores of the St. Lawrence and of Lakes Huron, Ontario, and Erie south, through eastern Pennsylvania, to Maryland; that of the southern tribes, of whom the Cherokees were chief, formed part of Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. All of the tribes were agricultural, and they were noted for large, communal houses, palisaded towns, and ability to organize, as well as for skill in war.
n. An Indian of an Iroquoian tribe.


word: Irpe
definition:
Irpe

Irp

{ Irp, Irpe  }
(ẽrp)
n.
[Etymol. uncertain.]
A fantastic grimace or contortion of the body.
[Obs.]

Smirks and irps and all affected humors.
B. Jonson.


word: irradiancy
definition:
irradiancy

irradiance

{ ir*ra"di*ance (ĭr*rā"dĭ*ans), ir*ra"di*an*cy (ĭr*rā"dĭ*an*s&ybreve_;), }
n.
[From irradiant.]

1.
The act of irradiating; emission of rays of light.

2.
That which irradiates or is irradiated; luster; splendor; irradiation; brilliancy.
Milton.


word: irradiant
definition:
irradiant

ir*ra"di*ant
(ĭr*rā"dĭ*ant)
a.
[L. irradians, -antis, p. pr. See Irradiate.]
Irradiating or illuminating; as, the irradiant moon.
Boyse.


word: Irradiate
definition:
Irradiate

Ir*ra"di*ate
(ĭr*rā"dĭ*āt)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Irradiated (ĭr*rā"dĭ*ā`tĕd); p. pr. & vb. n. Irradiating (ĭr*rā"dĭ*ā`tĭng).]
[L. irradiatus, p. p. of irradiate. See In- in, and Radiate.]

1.
To throw rays of light upon; to illuminate; to brighten; to adorn with luster.

Thy smile irradiates yon blue fields.
Sir W. Jones.

2.
To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; as, to irradiate the mind.
Bp. Bull.

3.
To animate by heat or light.
Sir M. Hale.

4.
To radiate, shed, or diffuse.

A splendid façade, . . . irradiating hospitality.
H. James.

5.
To expose to radiation of any kind, especially ionizing radiation; as, to sterilize food by irradiating it with gamma rays; one can cause mutations in bacteria by irradiating them with ultraviolet light.


word: irradiation
definition:
irradiation

ir*ra`di*a"tion
(ĭr*rā`dĭ*ā"shŭn)
n.
[Cf. F. irradiation.]

1.
Act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated; as, irradiation of foods with X-rays can preserve their freshness by killing the bacteria that cause spoilage .

2.
Illumination; irradiance; brilliancy.
Sir W. Scott.

3.
Fig.: Mental light or illumination.
Sir M. Hale.

4.
(Opt.)
The apparent enlargement of a bright object seen upon a dark ground, due to the fact that the portions of the retina around the image are stimulated by the intense light; as when a dark spot on a white ground appears smaller, or a white spot on a dark ground larger, than it really is, esp. when a little out of focus.


word: irrational
definition:
irrational

ir*ra"tion*al
(ĭr*răsh"ŭn*al)
a.
[L. irrationalis: cf. F. irrationnel. See In- not, and Rational.]

1.
Not rational; void of reason or understanding; as, brutes are irrational animals.

2.
Not according to reason; having no rational basis; clearly contrary to reason; easily disproved by reasoning; absurd; -- of assertions and beliefs.
Hence, of actions:
foolish; unreasonable.

It seemed utterly irrational any longer to maintain it.
I. Taylor.

3.
(Math.)
Not capable of being exactly expressed by an integral number, nor by a ratio of integral numbers; surd; -- said especially of roots. See Surd.


word: irrationality
definition:
irrationality

ir*ra`tion*al"i*ty
(?)
n.
The quality or state of being irrational; absence of rationality.
irrationaliity
South.


word: irreclaimable
definition:
irreclaimable

ir`re*claim"a*ble
(?)
a.
Incapable of being reclaimed.
Addison.
ir`re*claim"a*bly, adv.


word: Irrecognition
definition:
Irrecognition

Ir*rec`og*ni"tion
(?)
n.
[Pref. in- not + recognition.]
A failure to recognize; absence of recognition.
Lamb.


word: Irreconcilability
definition:
Irreconcilability

Ir*rec`on*ci`la*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
The quality or state of being irreconcilable; irreconcilableness.


word: Irreconcilable
definition:
Irreconcilable

Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble
(?; 277)
a.
[Pref. ir- not + reconcilable: cf. F. irréconciliable.]
Not reconcilable; not able to be reconciled or brought into accord; implacable; incompatible; inconsistent; disagreeing; as, irreconcilable enemies, statements.
Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv.


word: Irreconcile
definition:
Irreconcile

Ir*rec"on*cile`
(?)
v. t.
To prevent from being reconciled; to alienate or disaffect.
[Obs.]


word: Irreconcilement
definition:
Irreconcilement

Ir*rec"on*cile`ment
(?)
n.
The state or quality of being unreconciled; disagreement.


word: Irrecordable
definition:
Irrecordable

Ir`re*cord"a*ble
(?)
a.
[Pref. ir-- not + record: cf. L. irrecordabilis not to be remembered.]
Not fit or possible to be recorded.


word: Irrecoverable
definition:
Irrecoverable

Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble
(?)
a.
Not capable of being recovered, regained, or remedied; irreparable; as, an irrecoverable loss, debt, or injury.

That which is past is gone and irrecoverable.
Bacon.


word: Irrecuperable
definition:
Irrecuperable

Ir`re*cu"per*a*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irrecuperabilis: cf. OF. irrecuperable. See In- not, and Recuperate.]
Irrecoverable.
Ir`re*cu"per*a*bly, adv.


word: Irrecusable
definition:
Irrecusable

Ir`re*cu"sa*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irrecusabilis; pref. ir-- not + recusabilis that should be rejected, fr. recusare to reject: cf. F. irrécusable.]
Not liable to exception or rejection.
Sir W. Hamilton.


word: Irredeemability
definition:
Irredeemability

Ir`re*deem`a*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
The state or quality of being irredeemable; irredeemableness.


word: Irredeemable
definition:
Irredeemable

Ir`re*deem"a*ble
(?)
a.
Not redeemable; that can not be redeemed; not payable in gold or silver, as a bond; -- used especially of such government notes, issued as currency, as are not convertible into coin at the pleasure of the holder.
Ir`re*deem"a*ble*ness, adv.


word: irredenta
definition:
irredenta

irredenta
n.
A region that is related ethnically or historically to one country but is controlled politically by another.

Syn. -- irridenta.


word: irredentism
definition:
irredentism

irredentism
n.
the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related.

Syn. -- irridentism.


word: irredentist
definition:
irredentist

irredentist
n.
an advocate of irredentism, especially a person in one country who advocates the incorporation of a region in another country related historically to his country.

Syn. -- irridentist.


word: Irreducible
definition:
Irreducible

Ir`re*du"ci*ble
(?)
a.
1.
Incapable of being reduced, or brought into a different state; incapable of restoration to its proper or normal condition; as, an irreducible hernia.

2.
(Math.)
Incapable of being reduced to a simpler form of expression; as, an irreducible formula.

Irreducible case (Alg.), a particular case in the solution of a cubic equation, in which the formula commonly employed contains an imaginary quantity, and therefore fails in its application.


word: Irrefragability
definition:
Irrefragability

Ir*ref`ra*ga*bil"i*ty
(ĭr*rĕf"rȧ*gȧ*b'l)
n.
The quality or state of being irrefragable; incapability of being refuted.


word: Irrefragable
definition:
Irrefragable

Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble
(?)
a.
[F. irréfragable, L. irrefragabilis. See Refragable.]
Not refragable; not to be gainsaid or denied; not to be refuted or overthrown; irrefutable; unanswerable; incontestable; undeniable; as, an irrefragable argument; irrefragable evidence.
Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*ref"ra*ga*bly, adv.


word: Irrefrangibility
definition:
Irrefrangibility

Ir`re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
The quality or state of being irrefrangible; irrefrangibleness.


word: Irrefrangible
definition:
Irrefrangible

Ir`re*fran"gi*ble
(?)
a.
Not refrangible; that can not be refracted in passing from one medium to another.
Ir`re*fran"gi*ble*ness, n.


word: Irrefutable
definition:
Irrefutable

Ir`re*fut"a*ble
(?; 277)
a.
[L. irrefutabilis: cf. F. irréfutable.  See Refute.]
Incapable of being refuted or disproved; indisputable.
Ir`re*fut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*fut"a*bly, adv.


word: Irregular
definition:
Irregular

Ir*reg"u*lar
(?)
a.
[Pref. ir- not + regular: cf. F. irrégulier.]
Not regular; not conforming to a law, method, or usage recognized as the general rule; not according to common form; not conformable to nature, to the rules of moral rectitude, or to established principles; not normal; unnatural; immethodical; unsymmetrical; erratic; no straight; not uniform; as, an irregular line; an irregular figure; an irregular verse; an irregular physician; an irregular proceeding; irregular motion; irregular conduct, etc.  Cf. Regular.

Mazes intricate,
Eccentric, intervolved, yet regular
Then most when most irregular they seem.
Milton.

Leading the men of Herefordshire to fight
Against the irregular and wild Glendower.
Shak.

A flowery meadow through which a clear stream murmured in many irregular meanders.
Jones.


word: Irregularity
definition:
Irregularity

Ir*reg`u*lar"i*ty
(?)
n.
pl. Irregularities (#).
[Cf. F. irrégularité.]
The state or quality of being irregular; that which is irregular.


word: Irrelation
definition:
Irrelation

Ir`re*la"tion
(?)
n.
The quality or state of being irrelative; lack of connection or relation.


word: Irrelative
definition:
Irrelative

Ir*rel"a*tive
(?)
a.
Not relative; without mutual relations; unconnected.
Ir*rel"a*tive*ly, adv.

Irrelative chords (Mus.), those having no common tone. -- Irrelative repetition (Biol.), the multiplication of parts that serve for a common purpose, but have no mutual dependence or connection. Owen.


word: Irrelavancy
definition:
Irrelavancy

Ir*rel"a*van*cy
(?)
n.
The quality or state of being irrelevant; as, the irrelevancy of an argument.


word: Irrelavant
definition:
Irrelavant

Ir*rel"a*vant
(?)
a.
Not relevant; not applicable or pertinent; not bearing upon or serving to support; foreign; extraneous; as, testimony or arguments irrelevant to a case.
Ir*rel"a*vant*ly, adv.


word: Irreligion
definition:
Irreligion

Ir`re*li"gion
(?)
n.
[L. irreligio: cf. F. irréligion. See In- not, and Religion.]
The state of being irreligious; lack of religion; impiety.


word: Irreligious
definition:
Irreligious

Ir`re*li"gious
(?)
a.
[L. irreligiosus: cf. F. irréligieux.]

1.
Destitute of religion; not controlled by religious motives or principles; ungodly.  Cf. Impious.

Shame and reproach are generally the portion of the impious and irreligious.
South.

2.
Indicating a lack of religion; profane; wicked; as, irreligious speech.


word: Irremeable
definition:
Irremeable

Ir*re"me*a*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irremeabilis; pref. ir- not + remeabilis returning, fr. remeare:  cf. F. irréméable. See Remeant.]
Admitting no return; as, an irremeable way.
[Obs.]
Dryden.


word: Irremediable
definition:
Irremediable

Ir`re*me"di*a*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irremediabilis: cf. F. irrémédiable. See In- not, and Remediable.]
Not to be remedied, corrected, or redressed; incurable; as, an irremediable disease or evil.


word: Irremediably
definition:
Irremediably

Ir`re*me"di*a*bly
adv.
In a manner, or to a degree, that precludes remedy, cure, or correction.


word: Irremissible
definition:
Irremissible

Ir`re*mis"si*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irremissibilis: cf. F. irrémissible. See In- not, and Remissible.]
Not remissible; unpardonable; as, irremissible crimes.
Burke.
Ir`re*mis"si*ble, n. -- Ir`re*mis"si*bly, adv.


word: Irremovability
definition:
Irremovability

Ir`re*mov`a*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
The quality or state of being irremovable; immovableness.


word: Irremovable
definition:
Irremovable

Ir`re*mov"a*ble
(?)
a.
Not removable; immovable; inflexible.
Shak.
Ir`re*mov"a*bly, adv.


word: Irremunerable
definition:
Irremunerable

Ir`re*mu"ner*a*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irremunerabilis: cf. F. irrémunérable. See Remunerate.]
Not remunerable; not capable of remuneration.


word: Irreparability
definition:
Irreparability

Ir*rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. irréparabilité.]
The quality or state of being irreparable; irreparableness.
Sterne.


word: Irreparable
definition:
Irreparable

Ir*rep"a*ra*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irreparabilis: cf. F. irréparable. See In- not, and Reparable.]
Not reparable; not capable of being repaired, recovered, regained, or remedied; irretrievable; irremediable; as, an irreparable breach; an irreparable loss.
Shak.


word: Irrepealable
definition:
Irrepealable

Ir`re*peal"a*ble
(?)
a.
Not repealable; not capable of being repealed or revoked, as a law.
Ir`re*peal"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*peal"a*bly, adv.


word: Irreplevisable
definition:
Irreplevisable

Irrepleviable

{ Ir`re*plev"i*a*ble (?), Ir`re*plev"i*sa*ble (?), }
a.
(Law)
Not capable of being replevied.


word: Irreprehensible
definition:
Irreprehensible

Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irreprehensibilis: cf. F. irrépréhensible. See Reprehensible.]
Not reprehensible; blameless; innocent.
Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*rep`re*hen"si*bly, adv.


word: Irrepressible
definition:
Irrepressible

Ir`re*press"i*ble
(?)
a.
Not capable of being repressed, restrained, or controlled; as, irrepressible joy; an irrepressible conflict.
W. H. Steward.


word: Irreproachable
definition:
Irreproachable

Ir`re*proach"a*ble
(?)
a.
[Pref. ir- not + reproachable: cf. F. irréprochable.]
Not reproachable; above reproach; not deserving reproach; blameless.

He [Berkely] erred, -- and who is free from error? -- but his intentions were irreproachable.
Beattie.


word: Irreproachableness
definition:
Irreproachableness

Ir`re*proach"a*ble*ness
n.
The quality or state of being irreproachable; integrity; innocence.


word: Irreprovable
definition:
Irreprovable

Ir`re*prov"a*ble
(?)
a.
Incapable of being justly reproved; irreproachable; blameless; upright.
Ir`re*prov"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*prov"a*bly, adv.


word: Irreptitious
definition:
Irreptitious

Ir`rep*ti"tious
(?)
a.
[L. irrepere, irreptum, to creep in; pref. ir- in + repere to creep.]
Surreptitious; spurious.
[Obs.]
Dr. Castell (1673).


word: Irresistibility
definition:
Irresistibility

Ir`re*sist`i*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. irrésistibilité.]
The quality or state of being irresistible, irresistibleness.


word: Irresistible
definition:
Irresistible

Ir`re*sist"i*ble
(?)
a.
[Pref. ir- not + resistible: cf. F. irrésistible.]
That can not be successfully resisted or opposed; superior to opposition; resistless; overpowering; as, an irresistible attraction.

An irresistible law of our nature impels us to seek happiness.
J. M. Mason.


word: Irresoluble
definition:
Irresoluble

Ir*res"o*lu*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irresolubilis: cf. F. irrésoluble. See Resoluble, and cf. Irresolvable.]

1.
Incapable of being dissolved or resolved into parts; insoluble.
Boyle.

2.
Incapable of being relieved or assisted.
[Obs.]

The second is in the irresoluble condition of our souls after a known sin committed.
Bp. Hall.


word: Irresolute
definition:
Irresolute

Ir*res"o*lute
(?)
a.
[Pref. ir- not + resolute: cf. F. irrésolu, L. irresolutus not loosened.]
Not resolute; not decided or determined; wavering; given to doubt or irresolution.

Weak and irresolute is man.
Cowper.


word: irresoluteness
definition:
irresoluteness

irresoluteness
n.
the failure to behave in a resolute manner; fluctuation in intention.

Syn. -- irresolution.


word: Irresolution
definition:
Irresolution

Ir*res`o*lu"tion
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. irrésolution.]
Lack of resolution; lack of decision in purpose; a fluctuation of mind, as in doubt, or between hope and fear; irresoluteness; indecision; vacillation.

Irresolution on the schemes of life which offer themselves to our choice, and inconstancy in pursuing them, are the greatest causes of all unhappiness.
Addison.


word: Irresolvable
definition:
Irresolvable

Ir`re*solv"a*ble
(?)
a.
[Pref. ir- not + resolvable.  Cf. Irresoluble.]
Incapable of being resolved; not separable into component parts.

Irresolvable nebulæ (Astron.), nebulæ of a cloudlike appearance, which have not yet been resolved by the telescope into stars, and are often distant galaxies.  See galaxy{2}.
Sir W. Herschel.


word: Irresolvableness
definition:
Irresolvableness

Ir`re*solv"a*ble*ness
n.
The quality or state of being irresolvable; irresolvability.


word: Irresolvedly
definition:
Irresolvedly

Ir`re*solv"ed*ly
adv.
Without settled determination; in a hesitating manner; doubtfully.
[R.]


word: Irrespective
definition:
Irrespective

Ir`re*spec"tive
(ĭr`re̝*spĕk"tĭv)
a.
1.
Without regard for conditions, circumstances, or consequences; unbiased; independent; impartial; as, an irrespective judgment.

According to this doctrine, it must be resolved wholly into the absolute, irrespective will of God.
Rogers.

2.
Disrespectful.
[Obs.]
Sir C. Cornwallis.

Irrespective of, regardless of; without regard to; as, irrespective of differences.


word: Irrespectively
definition:
Irrespectively

Ir`re*spec"tive*ly
(ĭr`re̝*spĕk"tĭv*l&ybreve_;)
adv.
Without regard to conditions; not taking circumstances into consideration.

Prosperity, considered absolutely and irrespectively, is better and more desirable than adversity.
South.


word: Irrespirable
definition:
Irrespirable

Ir*res"pi*ra*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irrespirabilis: cf. F. irrespirable. See Respirable.]
Unfit for respiration; not having the qualities necessary to support animal life; as, irrespirable air.


word: Irresponsibility
definition:
Irresponsibility

Ir`re*spon`si*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. irresponsabilité.]
1.
Lack of, or freedom from, responsibility or accountability.

2.
A trait causing one to act without a proper sense of responsibility; acting without giving proper weight to one's responsibilities.


word: Irresponsible
definition:
Irresponsible

Ir`re*spon"si*ble
(?)
a.
[Pref. ir- not + responsible: cf. F. irresponsable.]
1.
Not responsible; not liable or able to answer for consequences; innocent.

2.
Not to be trusted; unreliable; lacking a proper sense of responsibility.


word: irresponsibleness
definition:
irresponsibleness

irresponsibleness
n.
the habitual failure to behave in a responsible manner; irresponsibility.

Syn. -- irresponsibility.


word: Irresponsibly
definition:
Irresponsibly

Ir`re*spon"si*bly
adv.
1.
So as not to be responsible.

2.
In an irresponsible{2} manner; without due care or diligence.


word: Irresuscitable
definition:
Irresuscitable

Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*ble
(?)
a.
Incapable of being resuscitated or revived.
Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*bly, adv.


word: Irretractile
definition:
Irretractile

Ir`re*tract"ile
(?)
a.
1.
Not retractile.

2.
Not tractile or ductile.
[R.]
Sir W. Hamilton.


word: Irretrievable
definition:
Irretrievable

Ir`re*triev"a*ble
(?)
a.
Not retrievable; irrecoverable; irreparable; as, an irretrievable loss.


word: Irreverence
definition:
Irreverence

Ir*rev"er*ence
(?)
n.
[L. irreverentia: cf. F. irrévérence.]
The state or quality of being irreverent; lack of proper reverence; disregard of the authority and character of a superior.


word: Irreverend
definition:
Irreverend

Ir*rev"er*end
(?)
a.
Irreverent.
[Obs.]

Immodest speech, or irreverend gesture.
Strype.


word: Irreverent
definition:
Irreverent

Ir*rev"er*ent
(?)
a.
[L. irreverens, -entis: cf. F. irrévérent. See In- not, and Reverent.]
Not reverent; showing a lack of reverence; expressive of a lack of veneration; as, an irreverent babbler; an irreverent jest.


word: Irreversibility
definition:
Irreversibility

Ir`re*vers`i*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
The state or quality of being irreversible; irreversibleness.


word: Irreversible
definition:
Irreversible

Ir`re*vers"i*ble
(?)
a.
1.
Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backward; as, an irreversible engine; an irreversible process; an irreversible reaction.

2.
Incapable of being reversed, recalled, repealed, or annulled; as, an irreversible sentence or decree.

This rejection of the Jews, as it is not universal, so neither is it final and irreversible.
Jortin.


word: Irreversible steering gear
definition:
Irreversible steering gear

Ir`re*vers"i*ble steering gear
(Mach.)
A steering gear, esp. for an automobile, not affected by the road wheels, as when they strike an obstacle side ways, but easily controlled by the hand wheel or steering lever.


word: Irrevocability
definition:
Irrevocability

Ir*rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. irrévocabilité.]
The state or quality of being irrevocable; irrevocableness.


word: Irrevocable
definition:
Irrevocable

Ir*rev"o*ca*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irrevocabilis: cf. F. irrévocable. See In- not, and Revoke, and cf. Irrevocable.]
Incapable of being recalled or revoked; unchangeable; irreversible; unalterable; as, an irrevocable promise or decree; irrevocable fate.

Firm and irrevocable is my doom.
Shak.


word: Irrevoluble
definition:
Irrevoluble

Ir*rev"o*lu*ble
(?)
a.
That has no finite period of revolution; not revolving.
[R.]

The dateless and irrevoluble circle of eternity.
Milton.


word: irridentist
definition:
irridentist

irridentism

irridenta

irridenta, irridentism, irridentist
n.
See irredenta, irredentism, irredentist.


word: Irrigate
definition:
Irrigate

Ir"ri*gate
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Irrigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Irrigating (?).]
[L. irrigatus, p. p. of irrigare to irrigate: ir- in + rigare to water; prob. akin to E. rain. See Rain.]

1.
To water; to wet; to moisten with running or dropping water; to bedew.

2.
(Agric.)
To water, as land, by causing a stream to flow upon, over, or through it, as in artificial channels.

3.
(Med.)
To rinse (a wound, infected area, etc.) with a flow or spray of a liquid.


word: Irrigation
definition:
Irrigation

Ir`ri*ga"tion
(?)
n.
[L. irrigatio: cf. F. irrigation.]
The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.


word: Irriguous
definition:
Irriguous

Ir*rig"u*ous
(?)
a.
[L. irriguus. See Irrigate.]

1.
Watered; watery; moist; dewy.
[Obs.]

The flowery lap
Of some irriguous valley spreads her store.
Milton.

2.
Gently penetrating or pervading.
[Obs.]
J. Philips.


word: Irrision
definition:
Irrision

Ir*ri"sion
(?)
n.
[L. irrisio, fr. irridere, irrisum, to laugh at; pref. ir- in + ridere to laugh: cf. F. irrision.]
The act of laughing at another; derision.

This being spoken scepticè, or by way of irrision.
Chapman.


word: Irritability
definition:
Irritability

Ir`ri*ta*bil"i*ty
(?)
n.
[L. irritabilitas: cf. F. irritabilité.]

1.
The state or quality of being irritable; quick excitability; petulance; fretfulness; as, irritability of temper.

2.
(Physiol.)
A natural susceptibility, characteristic of all living organisms, tissues, and cells, to the influence of certain stimuli, response being manifested in a variety of ways, -- as that quality in plants by which they exhibit motion under suitable stimulation; esp., the property which living muscle possesses, of responding either to a direct stimulus of its substance, or to the stimulating influence of its nerve fibers, the response being indicated by a change of form, or contraction; contractility.

3.
(Med.)
A condition of morbid excitability of an organ or part of the body; undue susceptibility to the influence of stimuli. See Irritation, n., 3.


word: Irritable
definition:
Irritable

Ir"ri*ta*ble
(?)
a.
[L. irritabilis: cf. F. irritable. See Irritate.]

1.
Capable of being irritated.

2.
Very susceptible of anger or passion; easily inflamed or exasperated; as, an irritable temper.

Vicious, old, and irritable.
Tennyson.

3.
(Physiol.)
Endowed with irritability; susceptible of irritation; capable of being excited to action by the application of certain stimuli.

4.
(Med.)
Susceptible of irritation; unduly sensitive to irritants or stimuli. See Irritation, n., 3.


word: Irritancy
definition:
Irritancy

Ir"ri*tan*cy
(?)
n.
[From 1st Irritant.]
(Scots Law)
The state or quality of being null and void; invalidity; forfeiture.
Burrill.


word: Irritancy₂
definition:
Irritancy

Ir"ri*tan*cy
n.
[From 2d Irritant.]
The state or quality of being irritant or irritating.


word: Irritant
definition:
Irritant

Ir"ri*tant
(?)
a.
[LL. irritants, -antis, p. pr. of irritare to make null, fr. L. irritus void; pref. ir- not + ratus established.]
(Scots Law)
Rendering null and void; conditionally invalidating.

The states elected Harry, Duke of Anjou, for their king, with this clause irritant; that, if he did violate any part of his oath, the people should owe him no allegiance.
Hayward.


word: Irritant₂
definition:
Irritant

Ir"ri*tant
a.
[L. irritans, -antis, p. pr. of irritare: cf. F. irritant. See Irritate to excite.]
Irritating; producing irritation or inflammation.


word: Irritant₃
definition:
Irritant

Ir"ri*tant
n.
[Cf. F. irritant.]

1.
That which irritates or excites.

2.
(Physiol. & Med.)
Any agent by which irritation is produced; as, a chemical irritant; a mechanical or electrical irritant.

3.
(Toxicology)
A poison that produces inflammation.

Counter irritant. See under Counter. -- Pure irritant (Toxicology), a poison that produces inflammation without any corrosive action upon the tissues.


word: Irritate₂
definition:
Irritate

Ir"ri*tate
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Irritated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Irritating (?).]
[L. irritatus, p. p. of irritare. Of doubtful origin.]

1.
To increase the action or violence of; to heighten excitement in; to intensify; to stimulate.

Cold maketh the spirits vigorous and irritateth them.
Bacon.

2.
To excite anger or displeasure in; to provoke; to tease; to exasperate; to annoy; to vex; as, the insolence of a tyrant irritates his subjects.

Dismiss the man, nor irritate the god:
Prevent the rage of him who reigns above.
Pope.

3.
(Physiol.)
To produce irritation in; to stimulate; to cause to contract. See Irritation, n., 2.

4.
(Med.)
To make morbidly excitable, or oversensitive; to fret; as, the skin is irritated by friction; to irritate a wound by a coarse bandage.


word: irritated
definition:
irritated

irritated
adj.
aroused to impatience or anger; as, made an irritated gesture.

Syn. -- annoyed, nettled, peeved, pissed, stung.


word: irritating
definition:
irritating

irritating
adj.
1.
causing annoyance.

Syn. -- annoying, galling, chafing, nettlesome, pesky, pestiferous, pestilent, plaguy, plaguey, teasing, vexatious, vexing.

2.
causing irritation of living tissue; -- used of physical stimuli.

Syn. -- irritant, irritative.

3.
causing pain or physical discomfort; as, an irritating burr under his stocking.

Syn. -- painful.


word: Irritation
definition:
Irritation

Ir`ri*ta"tion
(?)
n.
[L. irritatio: cf. F. irritation.]

1.
The act of irritating, or exciting, or the state of being irritated; excitement; stimulation, usually of an undue and uncomfortable kind; especially, excitement of anger or passion; provocation; annoyance; anger.

The whole body of the arts and sciences composes one vast machinery for the irritation and development of the human intellect.
De Quincey.

2.
(Physiol.)
The act of exciting, or the condition of being excited to action, by stimulation; -- as, the condition of an organ of sense, when its nerve is affected by some external body; esp., the act of exciting muscle fibers to contraction, by artificial stimulation; as, the irritation of a motor nerve by electricity; also, the condition of a muscle and nerve, under such stimulation.

3.
(Med.)
A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.


word: Irritative
definition:
Irritative

Ir"ri*ta*tive
(?)
a.
1.
Serving to excite or irritate; irritating; as, an irritative agent.

2.
Accompanied with, or produced by, increased action or irritation; as, an irritative fever.
E. Darwin.


word: Irrorate
definition:
Irrorate

Ir"ro*rate
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Irrorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Irrorating.]
[L. irroratus, p. p. of irrorare to bedew; pref. ir- in + ros, roris, dew.]
To sprinkle or moisten with dew; to bedew.
[Obs.]


word: Irroration
definition:
Irroration

Ir`ro*ra"tion
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. irroration.]
The act of bedewing; the state of being moistened with dew.
[Obs.]
Chambers.


word: Irrotational
definition:
Irrotational

Ir`ro*ta"tion*al
(?)
a.
(Physics)
Not rotatory; passing from one point to another by a movement other than rotation; -- said of the movement of parts of a liquid or yielding mass.
Sir W. Thomson.


word: Irrupted
definition:
Irrupted

Ir*rupt"ed
(?)
a.
[L. irruptus, p. p. of irrumpere to break in; pref. ir- in + rumpere to break or burst. See Rupture.]
Broken with violence.


word: Irruption
definition:
Irruption

Ir*rup"tion
(?)
n.
[L. irruptio: cf. F. irruption. See Irrupted.]

1.
A bursting in; a sudden, violent rushing into a place; as, irruptions of the sea.

Lest evil tidings, with too rude irruption
Hitting thy aged ear, should pierce too deep.
Milton.

2.
A sudden and violent inroad, or entrance of invaders; as, the irruptions of the Goths into Italy.
Addison.


word: Irvingite
definition:
Irvingite

Ir"ving*ite
(?)
n.
(Eccl.)
The common designation of a member of a sect founded by the Rev. Edward Irving (about 1830), who call themselves the Catholic Apostolic Church. They are highly ritualistic in worship, have an elaborate hierarchy of apostles, prophets, etc., and look for the speedy coming of Christ.


word: Is
definition:
Is

Is
(?)
v. i.
[AS. is; akin to G. & Goth. ist, L. est, Gr. _;, Skr. asti. √9.  Cf. Am, Entity, Essence, Absent.]
The third person singular of the substantive verb be, in the indicative mood, present tense; as, he is; he is a man.  See Be.

&hand_; In some varieties of the Northern dialect of Old English, is was used for all persons of the singular.

For thy is I come, and eke Alain.
Chaucer.

Aye is thou merry.
Chaucer.

&hand_; The idiom of using the present for future events sure to happen is a relic of Old English in which the present and future had the same form; as, this year Christmas is on Friday.

To-morrow is the new moon.
1 Sam. xx. 5.


word: Isabella color
definition:
Isabella color

Isabella

{ Is`a*bel"la (?), n., Is`a*bel"la col"or (?) }
[Said to be named from the Spanish princess Isabella, daughter of king Philip II., in allusion to the color assumed by her shift, which she wore without change from 1601 to 1604, in consequence of a vow made by her.]
A brownish yellow color.


word: Isabella grape
definition:
Isabella grape

Is`a*bel"la grape`
(?)
(Bot.)
A favorite sweet American grape of a purple color. See Fox grape, under Fox.


word: Isabella moth
definition:
Isabella moth

Is`a*bel"la moth`
(?; 115)
(Zool.)
A common American moth (Pyrrharctia isabella), of an isabella color.  The larva, called woolly bear and hedgehog caterpillar, is densely covered with hairs, which are black at each end of the body, and red in the middle part.


word: Isagel
definition:
Isagel

Isagelous

Is*ag"e*lous
(īs*ăg"ĕ*lŭs)
a.
[Is- + Gr. a`gelos information.]
Containing the same information; as, isagelous sentences.
isagelous
Bacon
isagelous
J. D. Watson.
Is"a*gel n. One of two or more objects containing the same information.


word: Isagoge
definition:
Isagoge

I"sa*goge
(?)
n.
[L., fr. Fr. _;, fr. _; to introduce; _; into + _; to lead.]
An introduction.
[Obs.]
Harris.


word: Isagogical
definition:
Isagogical

Isagogic

{ I"sa*gog"ic (?), I"sa*gog"ic*al (?), }
a.
[L. isagogicus, Gr. _;.]
Introductory; especially, introductory to the study of theology.


word: Isagogics
definition:
Isagogics

I"sa*gog"ics
(?)
n.
(Theol.)
That part of theological science directly preliminary to actual exegesis, or interpretation of the Scriptures.


word: Isagon
definition:
Isagon

I"sa*gon
(ī"sȧ*g&obreve_;n)
n.
[Gr. 'i`sos equal + gwni`a angle: cf. F. isagone, a.]
(Math.)
A figure or polygon whose angles are equal.


word: Isapostolic
definition:
Isapostolic

Is*ap`os*tol"ic
(?)
a.
[Gr. _;.]
Having equal, or almost equal, authority with the apostles of their teachings.


word: Isatinic
definition:
Isatinic

Isatic

{ I*sat"ic (?), I`sa*tin"ic (?), }
a.
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, isatin; as, isatic acid, which is also called trioxindol.


word: Isatide
definition:
Isatide

I"sa*tide
(?)
n.
(Chem.)
A white crystalline substance obtained by the partial reduction of isatin.
[Written also isatyde.]


word: Isatin
definition:
Isatin

I"sa*tin
(?)
n.
[See Isatis.]
(Chem.)
An orange-red crystalline substance, C8H5NO2, obtained by the oxidation of indigo blue. It is also produced from certain derivatives of benzoic acid, and is one important source of artificial indigo.
[Written also, less properly, isatine.]


word: Isatis
definition:
Isatis

I"sa*tis
(?; 277)
n.
[L., a kind of plant, Gr. _; woad.]
(Bot.)
A genus of herbs, some species of which, especially the Isatis tinctoria, yield a blue dye similar to indigo; woad.


word: Isatogen
definition:
Isatogen

I*sat"o*gen
(?)
n.
[Isatin + -gen.]
(Chem.)
A complex nitrogenous radical, C8H4NO2, regarded as the essential residue of a series of compounds, related to isatin, which easily pass by reduction to indigo blue.
I*sat`o*gen"ic (#), a. 


word: Isatropic
definition:
Isatropic

I`sa*trop"ic
(?)
a.
[Is- + atropine.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine, and isomeric with cinnamic acid.


word: Ischiadic
definition:
Ischiadic

Is`chi*ad"ic
(ĭs`kĭ*ăd"ĭk)
a.
[L. ischiadicus, Gr. 'ischiadoko`s, fr. 'ischi`on the hip joint, hip or loin.  Cf. Sciatic.]
(Anat.)
Ischial.
[R.]

Ischiadic passion or Ischiadic disease (Med.), a rheumatic or neuralgic affection of some part about the hip joint; -- called also sciatica.


word: Ischial
definition:
Ischial

Is"chi*al
(ĭs"kĭ*al)
a.
(Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the ischium or hip; ischiac; ischiadic; ischiatic.

Ischial callosity (Zool.), one of the patches of thickened, hairless, and often bright-colored skin, on the buttocks of many apes, as the drill.


word: Ischiocapsular
definition:
Ischiocapsular

Is`chi*o*cap"su*lar
(?; 135)
a.
[Ischium + capsular.]
(Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the ischium and the capsule of the hip joint; as, the ischiocapsular ligament.


word: Ischiocerite
definition:
Ischiocerite

Is`chi*o*ce"rite
(?)
n.
[Gr. 'ischi`on the hip + ke`ras a horn.]
(Zool.)
The third joint or the antennæ of the Crustacea.


word: Ischium
definition:
Ischium

Ischion

{ &VerbarIs"chi*on (?), &VerbarIs"chi*um (?), }
n.
[L., Gr. 'ischi`on.]
1.
(Anat.)
The ventral and posterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis; seat bone; the huckle bone.

2.
(Zool.)
One of the pleuræ of insects.


word: Ischiopodite
definition:
Ischiopodite

Is`chi*op"o*dite
(?)
n.
[Gr. 'ischi`on the hip joint + _;, _;, foot.]
(Zool.)
The third joint of the typical appendages of Crustacea.


word: Ischiorectal
definition:
Ischiorectal

Is`chi*o*rec"tal
(?)
a.
[Ischium + rectal.]
(Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the region between the rectum and ishial tuberosity.


word: Ischuretic
definition:
Ischuretic

Is`chu*ret"ic
(?)
a.
Having the quality of relieving ischury.
n. An ischuretic medicine.


word: Ischury
definition:
Ischury

Is"chu*ry
(?)
n.
[L. ischuria, Gr. _;; _; to hold, check + _; urine: cf. F. ischurie.]
(Med.)
A retention or suppression of urine.


word: Isentropic
definition:
Isentropic

I`sen*trop"ic
(?)
a.
[Is- + entropy + -ic.]
(Physics)
Having equal entropy.

Isentropic lines, lines which pass through points having equal entropy.


word: Isethionic
definition:
Isethionic

I*seth`i*on"ic
(?)
a.
[Is- + ethionic.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid, HO.C2H4.SO3H, obtained as an oily or crystalline substance, by the action of sulphur trioxide on alcohol or ether. It is derivative of sulphuric acid.


word: -ish
definition:
-ish

-ish
(?)
[AS. -isc; akin to G. -isch, OHG. -isc, Goth. & Dan. -isk, Gr. _;.  Cf. -esque.]
A suffix used to from adjectives from nouns and from adjectives. It denotes relation, resemblance, similarity, and sometimes has a diminutive force; as, selfish, boyish, brutish; whitish, somewhat white.


word: -ish₂
definition:
-ish

-ish
[OE. -issen, fr. F. -is, -iss- (found in the present particle, etc., of certain verbs, as finir to finish, fleurir to flourish), corresponding to L. -escere, an inchoative ending.]
A verb ending, originally appearing in certain verbs of French origin; as, abolish, cherish, finish, furnish, garnish, impoverish.


word: Ishmaelite
definition:
Ishmaelite

Ish"ma*el*ite
(?)
n.
1.
A descendant of Ishmael (the son of Abraham and Hagar), of whom it was said, “His hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him.”
Gen. xvi. 12.

2.
One at enmity with society; a wanderer; a vagabond; an outcast.
Thackeray.

3.
See Ismaelian.


word: Ishmaelitish
definition:
Ishmaelitish

Ish"ma*el*i`tish
(?)
a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an Ishmaelite or the Ishmaelites.


word: Isiac
definition:
Isiac

I"si*ac
(?)
a.
[L. Isiacus, Gr. _;, fr. _;.]
Pertaining to the goddess Isis; as, Isiac mysteries.


word: Isidorian
definition:
Isidorian

Is`i*do"ri*an
(?)
a.
Pertaining, or ascribed, to Isidore; as, the Isidorian decretals, a spurious collection of decretals published in the ninth century.


word: Isinglass
definition:
Isinglass

I"sin*glass
(?)
n.
[Prob. corrupted fr. D. huizenblas (akin to G. hausenblase), lit., bladder of the huso, or large sturgeon; huizen sturgeon  + blas bladder.  Cf. Bladder, Blast a gust of wind.]

1.
A semitransparent, whitish, and very pure form of gelatin, chiefly prepared from the sounds or air bladders of various species of sturgeons (as the Acipenser huso) found in the rivers of Western Russia. It used for making jellies, as a clarifier, etc. Cheaper forms of gelatin are not unfrequently so called. Called also fish glue.

2.
(Min.)
A popular name for mica, especially when in thin sheets.


word: Isis
definition:
Isis

I"sis
(?)
n.
[L., the goddess Isis, fr. Gr. _;.]

1.
(Myth.)
The principal goddess worshiped by the Egyptians. She was regarded as the mother of Horus, and the sister and wife of Osiris. The Egyptians adored her as the goddess of fecundity, and as the great benefactress of their country, who instructed their ancestors in the art of agriculture.

2.
(Zool.)
Any coral of the genus Isis, or family Isidæ, composed of joints of white, stony coral, alternating with flexible, horny joints. See Gorgoniacea.

3.
(Astron.)
One of the asteroids.


word: ISKCON
definition:
ISKCON

ISKCON
n.
[acronym from The International Society for Krishna Consciousness.]
The abbreviation for International Society for Krishna Consciousness, a society founded in the US in 1966; based on Vedic scriptures.  Groups of devotees engage in joyful chanting of "Hare Krishna" ("O Krishna!").
[acronym]

Syn. -- Hare Krishna, International Society for Krishna Consciousness, the Hare Krishnas.


word: Islam
definition:
Islam

Is"lam
(?)
prop. n.
[Ar. islām obedience to the will of God, submission, humbling one's self, resigning one's self to the divine disposal.  Cf. Moslem.]

1.
The religion of the Muslims; Islamism.  Their formula of faith is: There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet.  An older term is Mohammedanism, but this term is considered offensive by many Muslims, as their submission is to Allah, not Mohammed.

2.
The whole body of Muslims, or the countries which they occupy.


word: Islamism
definition:
Islamism

Is"lam*ism
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. islamisme.]
The faith, doctrines, or religious system of the Muslims; same as Islam, but less commonly used.


word: Islamize
definition:
Islamize

Is"lam*ize
(?)
v. i. & t.
[imp. & p. p. Islamized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Islamizing (?).]
To conform, or cause to conform, to the religion of Islam.


word: Island
definition:
Island

Is"land
(?)
n.
[OE. iland, yland, AS. īgland, _;gland, _;glond; īg, _;g, island + land, lond, land. AS. īg, _;g, is akin to AS. eá water, river, OHG. _;uwa, G. au meadow, Icel. ey island, Dan. & Sw. ö, Goth. ahwa a stream, water, L. aqua water. The s is due to confusion with isle.  Cf. Ait, Eyot, Ewer, Aquatic.]

1.
A tract of land surrounded by water, and smaller than a continent.  Cf. Continent.

2.
Anything regarded as resembling an island; as, an island of ice.

3.
(Zool.)
See Isle, n., 2.

Islands of the blessed (Myth.), islands supposed to lie in the Western Ocean, where the favorites of the gods are conveyed at death, and dwell in everlasting joy.


word: Island₂
definition:
Island

Is"land
(?)
v. t.
1.
To cause to become or to resemble an island; to make an island or islands of; to isle.
Shelley.

2.
To furnish with an island or with islands; as, to island the deep.
Southey.


word: Isle₂
definition:
Isle

Isle
(?)
n.
[OF. isle, F. île, L. insula; cf. Lith. sala.  Cf. Insulate.]

1.
An island.
[Poetic]

Imperial rule of all the seagirt isles.
Milton.

2.
(Zool.)
A spot within another of a different color, as upon the wings of some insects.


word: Isle₃
definition:
Isle

Isle
v. t.
To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
[Poetic]

Isled in sudden seas of light.
Tennyson.


word: -ism
definition:
-ism

-ism
(?)
[F. -isme, or L. -ismus, Gr. _;.]
A suffix indicating an act, a process, the result of an act or a process, a state; also, a characteristic (as a theory, doctrine, idiom, etc.); as, baptism, galvanism, organism, hypnotism, socialism, sensualism, Anglicism.


word: Ism
definition:
Ism

Ism
n.
[See ism, above.]
A doctrine or theory; especially, a wild or visionary theory.
E. Everett.

The world grew light-headed, and forth came a spawn of isms which no man can number.
S. G. Goodrich.


word: Ismaelite
definition:
Ismaelite

Ismaelian

{ Is`ma*e"li*an (?), Is"ma*el*ite (?), }
n.
(Eccl.)
One of a sect of Muslims who followed the practices of the family of Mohammed ben Ismael, of the house of Ali.


word: Is-₂
definition:
Is-

Iso-

{ I"so- (?), Is- (?). }
[Gr. 'i`sos equal.]
A prefix or combining form, indicating identity, or equality; the same numerical value; as in isopod, isomorphous, isochromatic.
(a)
(Chem.)
Applied to certain compounds having the same composition but different properties; as in isocyanic.
(b)
(Organic Chem.)
Applied to compounds of certain isomeric series in whose structure one carbon atom, at least, is connected with three other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with neo- and normal; as in isoparaffine; isopentane.


word: Isobar
definition:
Isobar

I"so*bar
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. _; weight.]
(Phys. Geog.)
A line connecting or marking places upon the surface of the earth where height of the barometer reduced to sea level is the same either at a given time, or for a certain period (mean height), as for a year; an isopiestic line.
[Written also isobare.]


word: Isobaric
definition:
Isobaric

I`so*bar"ic
(?)
a.
(Phys. Geog.)
Denoting equal pressure; as, an isobaric line; specifically, of or pertaining to isobars.


word: Isobarism
definition:
Isobarism

I"so*bar*ism
(?)
n.
The quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of isobaric science.


word: Isobarometric
definition:
Isobarometric

I`so*bar`o*met"ric
(?)
a.
[Iso + barometric.]
(Phys. Geog.)
Indicating equal barometric pressure.


word: Isobathytherm
definition:
Isobathytherm

I`so*bath"y*therm
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. _; deep + _; heat.]
(Phys. Geog.)
A line connecting the points on the surface of the earth where a certain temperature is found at the same depth.


word: Isobathythermic
definition:
Isobathythermic

I`so*bath"y*ther"mic
(?)
a.
Of or pertaining to an isobathytherm; possessing or indicating the same temperature at the same depth.


word: Isobront
definition:
Isobront

I"so*bront
(ī"so̝*br&obreve_;nt)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. bronth` thunder.]
(Meteor.)
An imaginary line, or a line on a chart, marking the simultaneous development of a thunderstorm, as noted by observing the time when the thunder is heard at different places.


word: Isocephalism
definition:
Isocephalism

I`so*ceph"a*lism
(?)
n.
[From Gr. _; like-headed. See Iso-, and Cephalon.]
(Art)
A peculiarity in the design of bas-relief by which the heads of human figures are kept at the same height from the ground, whether the personages are seated, standing, or mounted on horseback; -- called also isokephaleia.


word: Isochasm
definition:
Isochasm

I"so*chasm
(?)
n.
[Iso- + chasm.]
(Phys. Geog.)
A line connecting places on the earth's surface at which there is the same mean frequency of auroras.


word: Isocheim
definition:
Isocheim

I"so*cheim
(ī"so̝*kīm)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. _;, _;, winter.]
(Phys. Geog.)
A line connecting places on the earth having the same mean winter temperature.  Cf. Isothere.


word: Isochimal
definition:
Isochimal

Isocheimal

{ I`so*chei"mal, I`so*chi"mal  }
(?)
a.
Pertaining to, having the nature of, or making, isocheims; as, an isocheimal line; an isocheimal chart.


word: Isochor
definition:
Isochor

I"so*chor
(ī"so̝*kôr)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. xhw`ra space.]
(Physics)
A line upon a thermodynamic diagram so drawn as to represent the pressures corresponding to changes of temperature when the volume of the gas operated on is constant.
I`so*chor"ic (#), a.


word: Isochromatic
definition:
Isochromatic

I`so*chro*mat"ic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + chromatic.]
(Opt.)
Having the same color; connecting parts having the same color, as lines drawn through certain points in experiments on the chromatic effects of polarized light in crystals.


word: Isochronal
definition:
Isochronal

I*soch"ro*nal
(?)
a.
[See Isochronous.]
Uniform in time; of equal time; performed in equal times; recurring at regular intervals; as, isochronal vibrations or oscillations.


word: Isochronize
definition:
Isochronize

I*soch"ro*nize
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. -nized; p. pr. & vb. n. -nizing.]
[See Isochronous.]
To make, or tend to make (the motion of a moving body), uniform in rate of rotation, or in frequency of vibration.


word: Isochronon
definition:
Isochronon

I*soch"ro*non
(?)
n.
[NL. See Isochronous.]
A clock that is designed to keep very accurate time.


word: Isochroous
definition:
Isochroous

I*soch"ro*ous
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. _; color.]
Having the same tint or color throughout; uniformly or evenly colored.


word: Isoclinic
definition:
Isoclinic

Isoclinal

{ I`so*cli"nal (?), I`so*clin"ic (?), }
a.
[Iso- + Gr. _; to incline.]
Of or pertaining to, or indicating, equality of inclination or dip; having equal inclination or dip.

Isoclinal lines (Magnetism), lines on the earth's surface connecting places at which a dipping needle indicates the same inclination or dip.


word: Isocrymal
definition:
Isocrymal

I`so*cry"mal
(?)
a.
(Phys. Geog.)
Pertaining to, having the nature of, or illustrating, an isocryme; as, an isocrymal line; an isocrymal chart.


word: Isocryme
definition:
Isocryme

I"so*cryme
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. _; cold.]
(Phys. Geog.)
A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean temperature in the coldest month of the year.


word: Isocyanic
definition:
Isocyanic

I`so*cy*an"ic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + cyanic.]
(Chem.)
Designating an acid isomeric with cyanic acid.

Isocyanic acid, an acid metameric with cyanic acid, and resembling it in its salts. It is obtained as a colorless, mobile, unstable liquid by the heating cyanuric acid. Called technically carbimide.


word: Isocyanuric
definition:
Isocyanuric

I`so*cy`a*nu"ric
(?)
a.
[Iso- + cyanuric.]
(Chem.)
Designating, or pertaining to, an acid isomeric with cyanuric acid, and called also fulminuric acid. See under Fulminuric.


word: Isodiabatic
definition:
Isodiabatic

I`so*di`a*bat"ic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. _; to pass through.]
(Physics)
Pertaining to the reception or the giving out of equal quantities of heat by a substance.
Rankine.

Isodiabatic lines or Isodiabatic curves, a pair of lines or curves exhibiting, on a diagram of energy, the law of variation of the pressure and density of a fluid, the one during the lowering, and the other during the raising, of its temperature, when the quantity of heat given out by the fluid during any given stage of the one process is equal to the quantity received during the corresponding stage of the other. Such lines are said to be isodiabatic with respect to each other. Compare Adiabatic.


word: Isodiametric
definition:
Isodiametric

I`so*di`a*met"ric
(?)
a.
[Iso- + diametric.]

1.
(Crystallog.)
Developed alike in the directions of the several lateral axes; -- said of crystals of both the tetragonal and hexagonal systems.

2.
(Bot.)
Having the several diameters nearly equal; -- said of the cells of ordinary parenchyma.


word: Isodimorphism
definition:
Isodimorphism

I`so*di*mor"phism
(?)
n.
Isomorphism between the two forms severally of two dimorphous substances.


word: Isodrome
definition:
Isodrome

I"so*drome
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. _; course.]
(Nav.)
A method of moving a fleet from one formation to another, the direction usually being changed eight points (90°), by means of paths of equal length for each ship. It is prohibited in the United States navy.


word: Isodulcite
definition:
Isodulcite

I`so*dul"cite
(?)
n.
[Iso- + dulcite.]
(Chem.)
A white, crystalline, sugarlike substance, obtained by the decomposition of certain glucosides, and intermediate in nature between the hexacid alcohols (dulcite, mannite, etc.) and the glucoses.


word: Isodynamic
definition:
Isodynamic

I`so*dy*nam"ic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + dynamic.]
Of, pertaining to, having, or denoting, equality of force.

Isodynamic foods (Physiol.), those foods that produce a similar amount of heat. -- Isodynamic lines (Magnetism), lines on the earth's surface connecting places at which the magnetic intensity is the same.


word: Isogeotherm
definition:
Isogeotherm

I`so*ge"o*therm
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. gh^ the earth + qe`rmh heat.]
(Phys. Geog.)
A line or curved surface passing beneath the earth's surface through points having the same mean temperature.


word: Isogeothermic
definition:
Isogeothermic

Isogeothermal

{ I`so*ge`o*ther"mal (?), I`so*ge`o*ther"mic (?), }
a.
Pertaining to, having the nature of, or marking, isogeotherms; as, an isogeothermal line or surface; as isogeothermal chart.
n. An isogeotherm.


word: Isogonic
definition:
Isogonic

I`so*gon"ic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. gwni`a angle.]
Pertaining to, or noting, equal angles.

Isogonic lines (Magnetism), lines traced on the surface of the globe, or upon a chart, connecting places at which the deviation of the magnetic needle from the meridian or true north is the same.


word: Isogonism
definition:
Isogonism

I*sog"o*nism
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. _; offspring, generative parts.]
(Zool.)
The quality of having similar sexual zooids or gonophores and dissimilar hydrants; -- said of certain hydroids.


word: Isohyetose
definition:
Isohyetose

I`so*hy"e*tose`
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. "yeto`s rain.]
(Phys. Geog.)
Of or pertaining to lines connecting places on the earth's surface which have the same mean annual rainfall.
n. An isohyetose line; called also isohyet.


word: Isolable
definition:
Isolable

I"so*la*ble
(?)
a.
[See Isolate.]
(Chem.)
Capable of being isolated, or of being obtained in a pure state; as, gold is isolable.


word: Isolate
definition:
Isolate

I"so*late
(ī"so̝*lāt or  īs"o̝*lāt; 277)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Isolated (ī"so̝*lā`tĕd); p. pr. & vb. n. Isolating (ī"so̝*lā`tĭng).]
[It. isolato, p. p. of isolare to isolate, fr. isola island, L. insula. See 2d Isle, and cf. Insulate.]

1.
To place in a detached situation; to place by itself or alone; to insulate; to separate from others; as, to isolate an infected person from others; to isolate the troublemakers in a classroom.

Short isolated sentences were the mode in which ancient wisdom delighted to convey its precepts.
Bp. Warburton.

2.
(Elec.)
To insulate. See Insulate.

3.
(Chem.)
To separate (a substance) from all foreign substances; to make pure; to obtain in a free state; as, to isolate the desired product from a reaction mixture.

4.
(Microbiol.)
To obtain a culture of a microorganism in pure form (from a complex mixture); as, to isolate Eschericia coli from a patient's blood.


word: Isolate₂
definition:
Isolate

I"so*late
(ī"so̝*la̝t or  īs"o̝*lāt`)
n.
Something that has been isolated; as, an isolate of a powerful antibiotic from a tropical plant; an isolate of tuberculosis bacillus from an infected patient.


word: Isolated
definition:
Isolated

I"so*la`ted
(ī"so̝*lā`tĕd)
a.
Placed or standing alone; detached; separated from others.

Isolated point of a curve. (Geom.) See Acnode.


word: Isolation
definition:
Isolation

I`so*la"tion
(ī`so̝*lā"shŭn)
n.
[Cf. F. isolation.]
The act of isolating, or the state of being isolated; insulation; separation; loneliness.
Milman.


word: isolationism
definition:
isolationism

i`so*la"tion*ism
(ī`so̝*lā"shŭn*ĭz'm)
n.
[Cf. F. isolation.]
The doctrine or policy of minimal participation by one's country in international economic and political relations, specifically by not entering into alliances or other international agreements, in order to avoid becoming entangled in foreign wars, and to be able to devote the nation's energies primarily to advancing its own domestic interests.


word: isolationist
definition:
isolationist

i`so*la"tion*ist
(ī`so̝*lā"shŭn*ĭst)
n.
A proponent or supporter of isolationism; one who is isolationistic.


word: isolationistic
definition:
isolationistic

isolationist

i`so*la"tion*ist, i`so*la`tion*ist"ic
adj.
1.
of or pertaining to isolationism.

Syn. -- isolationist.

2.
Favoring or supporting isolationism; -- of people.


word: Isologous
definition:
Isologous

I*sol"o*gous
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. lo`gos proportion.]
(Chem.)
Having similar proportions, similar relations, or similar differences of composition; -- said specifically of groups or series which differ by a constant difference; as, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene, or their analogous compounds, form an isologous series.


word: Isomer
definition:
Isomer

I"so*mer
(ī"so̝*mẽr)
n.
[See Isomeric.]
(Chem.)
A compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a compound having the same chemical composition as another compound; a member of an isomeric series.

&hand_;  An isomer may be a structural isomer, in which some of the atoms are bonded to different atoms (as in CH3.CH2.NH2 and CH3.NH.CH3), or an optical isomer, in which the number and types of chemical bonds are identical, but the arrangement of the atoms in three-dimensional space is different; the latter are also called stereoisomers.


word: Isomere
definition:
Isomere

I"so*mere
(?)
n.
[Iso- + -mere.]
(Zool.)
1.
A homologous or corresponding part or segment.

2.
(Chem.)
same as Isomer.
[archaic]


word: isomeric
definition:
isomeric

i`so*mer"ic
(ī`so̝*mĕr"ĭk)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. me`ros part: cf. F. isomérique.]
(Chem.)
Having the same chemical composition and molecular weight; having the same number of atoms of each kind in the molecule; -- said of chemical compounds with known chemical composition.  This property used to be called metameric to distinguish it from other forms of isomerism.

&hand_;  Formerly the term isomeric applied also to comopounds having the same percentage chemical composition, even if the number of atoms in a molecule differed.  In the 1913 dictionary isomeric was defined as:
“Having the same percentage composition; -- said of two or more different substances which contain the same ingredients in the same proportions by weight, often used with with. Specif.: (a) Polymeric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight, but with different molecular weights; as, acetylene and benzine are isomeric (polymeric) with each other in this sense. See Polymeric. (b) Metameric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportions by weight, and with the same molecular weight, but with a different structure or arrangement of the ultimate parts; as, ethyl alcohol and methyl ether are isomeric (metameric) with each other in this sense. See Metameric.”


word: Isomerism
definition:
Isomerism

I*som"er*ism
(?)
n.
(Chem.)
The state, quality, or relation, of two or more isomeric substances.

Physical isomerism (Chem.), a former term for optical isomerism. optical isomerism (Chem.), the condition or relation of certain (isomeric) substances, which, while chemically identical (in that they have the same composition, the same molecular weights, and the same ultimate constitution), are yet physically different, as in their action on polarized light, as dextro- and lævo-tartaric acids, or the sugars galactose and glucose. In such compounds there is usually at least one unsymmetrical carbon atom and typically more than one.  See Unsymmetrical.


word: Isomeromorphism
definition:
Isomeromorphism

I`so*mer`o*mor"phism
(?)
n.
[Isomer + Gr. morfh` form + -ism.]
(Crystallog.)
Isomorphism between substances that are isomeric.


word: Isometrical
definition:
Isometrical

Isometric

{ I`so*met"ric (?), I`so*met"ric*al (?), }
a.
[Iso- + Gr. me`tron measure.]
1.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, equality of measure.

2.
(Crystallog.)
Noting, or conforming to, that system of crystallization in which the three axes are of equal length and at right angles to each other; monometric; regular; cubic.  Cf. Crystallization.

3.
Of or pertaining to isometrics.

Isometric lines (Thermodynamics), lines representing in a diagram the relations of pressure and temperature in a gas, when the volume remains constant. -- Isometrical perspective. See under Perspective. -- Isometrical projection, a species of orthographic projection, in which but a single plane of projection is used. It is so named from the fact that the projections of three equal lines, parallel respectively to three rectangular axes, are equal to one another. This kind of projection is principally used in delineating buildings or machinery, in which the principal lines are parallel to three rectangular axes, and the principal planes are parallel to three rectangular planes passing through the three axes.


word: isometric exercise
definition:
isometric exercise

i`so*met"ric ex"er*cise
(?)
n.
A system of exercise to strengthen specific muscles of the body by pushing parts of the body (such as the two hands) strongly against each other, or against a fixed object, so that the muscles are strongly stressed, but are stretched only a little.  It is claimed to produce strength in the muscles thus exercised.  Also called isometrics.


word: Isomorph
definition:
Isomorph

I"so*morph
(?)
n.
[See Isomorphous.]
1.
A substance which is similar to another in crystalline form and composition.

2.
(Biol.)
An animal, plant, or group having superficial similarity to another, although phylogenetically different.


word: Isomorphic
definition:
Isomorphic

I`so*mor"phic
(?)
a.
1.
Isomorphous.

2.
(Biol.)
Alike in form; exhibiting isomorphism.

3.
Of or pertaining to sets related by an isomorphism.


word: Isomorphism
definition:
Isomorphism

I`so*mor"phism
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. isomorphisme.]
1.
(Crystallog.)
A similarity of crystalline form between substances of similar composition, as between the sulphates of barium (BaSO4) and strontium (SrSO4). It is sometimes extended to include similarity of form between substances of unlike composition, which is more properly called homœomorphism.
2.
(Math.)
A one-to-one mapping of one set onto another set which preserves the relations between the elements of the domains of the sets.


word: Isonandra
definition:
Isonandra

I`so*nan"dra
(?)
prop. n.
[Iso- + Gr. _;, _;, a man, male.]
(Bot.)
A genus of sapotaceous trees of India. Isonandra Gutta is the principal source of gutta-percha.


word: Isonephelic
definition:
Isonephelic

I`so*ne*phel"ic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. _; a cloud.]
(Phys. Geog.)
Having, or indicating, an equal amount of cloudiness for a given period; as, isonephelic regions; an isonephelic line.


word: Isonicotine
definition:
Isonicotine

I`so*nic"o*tine
(?)
n.
[Iso- + nicotine.]
(Chem.)
A crystalline, nitrogenous base, C10H14N2, isomeric with nicotine.


word: Isonicotinic
definition:
Isonicotinic

I`so*nic`o*tin"ic
(?)
a.
(Chem.)
(a)
Pertaining to, or derived from, isonicotine.
(b)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid isomeric with nicotinic acid.


word: Isonitroso-
definition:
Isonitroso-

I`so*ni*tro"so-
(?)
[Iso- + nitroso-.]
(Chem.)
A combining form (also used adjectively), signifying: Pertaining to, or designating, the characteristic, nitrogenous radical, NOH, called the isonitroso group.


word: Isonomic
definition:
Isonomic

I`so*nom"ic
(?)
a.
[Gr. _;; 'i`sos equal + no`mos law.]
The same, or equal, in law or right; one in kind or origin; analogous; similar.
Dana.


word: Isonomy
definition:
Isonomy

I*son"o*my
(?)
n.
[Gr. _;: cf. F. isonomie. See Isonomic.]
Equal law or right; equal distribution of rights and privileges; similarity.


word: Isopathy
definition:
Isopathy

I*sop"a*thy
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. _; suffering.]
(Med.)
(a)
The system which undertakes to cure a disease by means of the virus of the same disease.
(b)
The theory of curing a diseased organ by eating the analogous organ of a healthy animal.
Mayne.
(c)
The doctrine that the power of therapeutics is equal to that of the causes of disease.


word: Isopepsin
definition:
Isopepsin

I`so*pep"sin
(?)
n.
[Iso- + pepsin.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
Pepsin modified by exposure to a temperature of from 40° to 60° C.


word: Isoperimetrical
definition:
Isoperimetrical

I`so*per`i*met"ric*al
(?)
a.
[Gr. _;; _;  equal + _; circumference: cf. F. isopérimètre. See Perimeter.]
(Geom.)
Having equal perimeters of circumferences; as, isoperimetrical figures or bodies.


word: Isoperimetry
definition:
Isoperimetry

I`so*per*im"e*try
(?)
n.
(Geom.)
The science of figures having equal perimeters or boundaries.


word: Isopiestic
definition:
Isopiestic

I`so*pi*es"tic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. _; to press.]
(Thermodynamics)
Having equal pressure.

Isopiestic lines, lines showing, in a diagram, the relations of temperature and volume, when the elastic force is constant; -- called also isobars.


word: Isopleura
definition:
Isopleura

I`so*pleu"ra
(?)
n. pl.
[NL. See Iso-, and Pleura.]
(Zool.)
A subclass of Gastropoda, in which the body is symmetrical, the right and left sides being equal.

&hand_; The intestine terminates at the posterior end of the body, and the gills and circulatory and reproductive organs are paired. It includes the chitons (Polyplacophora), together with Neomenia and Chætoderma, which are wormlike forms without a shell.


word: Isopod
definition:
Isopod

I"so*pod
(?)
a.
(Zool.)
Having the legs similar in structure; belonging to the Isopoda.
n. One of the Isopoda.


word: Isopoda
definition:
Isopoda

I*sop"o*da
(?)
n. pl.
[NL. See Iso-, and -poda.]
(Zool.)
An order of sessile-eyed Crustacea, usually having seven pairs of legs, which are all similar in structure.

&hand_; The body is usually depressed, with the abdominal segments short, and often consolidated in part. The branchiæ are on the abdominal appendages. The group includes the terrestrial pill bugs and sow bugs, with numerous marine forms. See Arthrostrata, Gribble.


word: Isopodiform
definition:
Isopodiform

I`so*pod"i*form
(?)
a.
[Isopod + -form.]
(Zool.)
Having the shape of an isopod; -- said of the larvæ of certain insects.


word: Isopogonous
definition:
Isopogonous

I`so*pog"o*nous
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. _; beard.]
(Zool.)
Having the two webs equal in breadth; -- said of feathers.


word: Isoprene
definition:
Isoprene

I"so*prene
(?)
n.
[Etymol. uncertain.]
(Chem.)
An oily, volatile unsaturated hydrocarbon (C5H8), obtained by the distillation of caoutchouc or gutta-percha, and used to make synthetic rubber by polymerization.  In organic chemistry, it is viewed conceptually as the building block of the terpene series of hydrocarbons.


word: Isopycnic
definition:
Isopycnic

I`so*pyc"nic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. pykno`s dense.]
(Physics)
Having equal density, as different regions of a medium; passing through points at which the density is equal; as, an isopycnic line or surface.


word: Isopycnic₂
definition:
Isopycnic

I`so*pyc"nic
n.
(Physics)
A line or surface passing through those points in a medium, at which the density is the same.


word: Isorcin
definition:
Isorcin

I*sor"cin
(?)
n.
[Iso- + orcin.]
(Chem.)
A crystalline hydrocarbon derivative, metameric with orcin, but produced artificially; -- called also cresorcin.


word: Isorropic
definition:
Isorropic

I`sor*rop"ic
(?)
a.
[Gr. 'iso`rropos in equipoise; 'i`sos equal + "roph` downward inclination or momentum.]
Of equal value.

Isorropic line (in a diagram) (Geom.), the locus of all the points for which a specified function has a constant value. Newcomb.


word: Isosceles
definition:
Isosceles

I*sos"ce*les
(?)
a.
[L., fr. Gr. _;; 'i`sos equal + _; leg.]
(Geom.)
Having two legs or sides that are equal; -- said of a triangle.


word: isosmotic
definition:
isosmotic

isosmotic
adj.
having the same or equal osmotic pressure; isotonic; -- used of solutions.  Contrasted with hypertonic and hypotonic

Syn. -- isotonic.


word: Isospondyli
definition:
Isospondyli

I`so*spon"dy*li
(?)
n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. 'i`sos equal + _;, _;, a vertebra.]
(Zool.)
An extensive order of fishes, including the salmons, herrings, and many allied forms.


word: Isospondylous
definition:
Isospondylous

I`so*spon"dy*lous
(?)
a.
(Zool.)
Of or pertaining to the Isospondyli; having the anterior vertebræ separate and normal.


word: Isospore
definition:
Isospore

I"so*spore
(?)
n.
(Biol.)
(a)
One of the spores produced by an isosporous organism.
(b)
A zygospore.


word: Isosporic
definition:
Isosporic

I`so*spor"ic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. spo`ros fruit.]
(Bot.)
Producing but one kind of spore, as the ferns and Equiseta.  Cf. Heterosporic.


word: Isosporous
definition:
Isosporous

I*sos"po*rous
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. spo`ros fruit.]
(Biol.)
Producing but one kind of spore, as the ferns.


word: Isostasy
definition:
Isostasy

I*sos"ta*sy
(?)
n.
[See Iso-; Stasis.]
The state or quality of being isostatic.
Specif.
(Geol.)
general equilibrium in the earth's crust, supposed to be maintained by the yielding or flow of rock material beneath the surface under gravitative stress. By the theory of isostasy each unit column of the earth, from surface to center, has approximately the same weight, and the continents stand higher than the ocean beds chiefly because the material of the crust has there less density.


word: Isostatic
definition:
Isostatic

I`so*stat"ic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + static.]
(Physics & Geol.)
Subjected to equal pressure from every side; being in hydrostatic equilibrium, as a body submerged in a liquid at rest; pertaining to, or characterized by, isostasy.


word: Isostemonous
definition:
Isostemonous

I`so*stem"o*nous
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. sth`mwn thread.]
(Bot.)
Having exactly as many stamens as petals.


word: Isosulphocyanic
definition:
Isosulphocyanic

I`so*sul`pho*cy*an"ic
(?)
a.
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, HNCS, isomeric with sulphocyanic acid.


word: Isotheral
definition:
Isotheral

I*soth"er*al
(?)
a.
Having the nature of an isothere; indicating the distribution of temperature by means of an isothere; as, an isotheral chart or line.


word: Isothere
definition:
Isothere

I"so*there
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. _; summer, _; to heat.]
(Phys. Geog.)
A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean summer temperature.


word: Isotherm
definition:
Isotherm

I"so*therm
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. _; heat, fr. _; hot.]
1.
(Phys. Geog.)
A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface having the same temperature. This may be the temperature for a given time of observation, or the mean temperature for a year or other period. Also, a similar line based on the distribution of temperature in the ocean.

2.
(Physics)
A line on a graph connecting points representing states having the same temperature; an isothermal line.


word: Isothermal
definition:
Isothermal

I`so*ther"mal
(?)
a.
[Cf. F. isotherme.]
(a)
Relating to equality of temperature, or an isotherm.
(b)
(Phys. Geog.)
Having reference to the geographical distribution of temperature, as exhibited by means of isotherms; as, an isothermal line; an isothermal chart.

Isothermal line. (a) An isotherm. (b) A line drawn on a diagram of energy such that its ordinates represent the pressures of a substance corresponding to various volumes, while the absolute temperature is maintained at a constant value. -- Isothermal zones, spaces on opposite sides of the equator having the same mean temperature, and bounded by corresponding isothermal lines.


word: Isothermobath
definition:
Isothermobath

I`so*ther"mo*bath
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. _; hot + _; depth.]
(Phys. Geog)
A line drawn through points of equal temperature in a vertical section of the ocean.


word: Isothermobathic
definition:
Isothermobathic

I`so*ther`mo*bath"ic
(?)
a.
Of or pertaining to an isothermobath; possessing or indicating equal temperatures in a vertical section, as of the ocean.


word: Isotherombrose
definition:
Isotherombrose

I*soth`er*om"brose
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. qe`ros summer + 'o`mbros rain.]
(Phys. Geog)
A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface, which have the same mean summer rainfall.


word: Isotonic
definition:
Isotonic

I`so*ton"ic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + tonic.]
1.
Having or indicating, equal tones, or tension.

2.
(Physiology, Biochemistry)
Having an osmotic pressure (tonicity) equal to that of a reference solution; -- of aqueous solutions.  Contrasting with hypotonic and hypertonic.  See hypertonic.

A knowledge of the colligative properties of solutions . . . is essential for one to understand fully the principles involved in rendering intravenous solutions isotonic with blood serum, or opthalmic solutions isotonic with lachrymal fluid.  Solutions thus adjusted produce less shock and much less irritation than those which are hypotonic or hypertonic, and present-day practise recognizes the desirability of making the necessary adjustments whenever possible.
Cook & Martin (Remington's Practice of Pharmacy, Tenth Ed.: Mack Publ., Easton Pa., 1951)
Isotonic system (Mus.), a system consisting of intervals, in which each concord is alike tempered, and in which there are twelve equal semitones.


word: Isotrimorphism
definition:
Isotrimorphism

I`so*tri*mor"phism
(?)
n.
[Iso- + Gr. _; thrice + morfh` form.]
Isomorphism between the three forms, severally, of two trimorphous substances.


word: Isotropic
definition:
Isotropic

I`so*trop"ic
(?)
a.
[Iso- + Gr. _; a turning, fr. _; to turn.]
(Physics)
Having the same properties in all directions; specifically, equally elastic in all directions.


word: Isotropy
definition:
Isotropy

I*sot"ro*py
(?)
n.
(Physics)
Uniformity of physical properties in all directions in a body; absence of all kinds of polarity; specifically, equal elasticity in all directions.


word: Isouric
definition:
Isouric

I`so*u"ric
(?)
a.
[Iso- + uric.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, isomeric with uric acid.


word: Israelite
definition:
Israelite

Is"ra*el*ite
(?)
n.
[L. Israëlites, Gr. _;, fr. _;, _;, Israel, Heb. Yisrāēl, i. e., champion of God; sārāh to fight + ēl God.]
A descendant of Israel, or Jacob; a Hebrew; a Jew.


word: Israelitish
definition:
Israelitish

Israelitic

{ Is`ra*el*it"ic (?), Is"ra*el*i`tish (?), }
a.
Of or pertaining to Israel, or to the Israelites; Jewish; Hebrew.


word: Issuable
definition:
Issuable

Is"su*a*ble
(?)
a.
[From Issue.]

1.
Leading to, producing, or relating to, an issue; capable of being made an issue at law.
Burrill.

2.
Lawful or suitable to be issued; as, a writ issuable on these grounds.

Issuable plea (Law), a plea to the merits, on which the adverse party may take issue and proceed to trial.


word: Issuance
definition:
Issuance

Is"su*ance
(ĭsh"&uuptack_;*ans)
n.
The act of issuing, or giving out; as, the issuance of an order; the issuance of rations, and the like.


word: Issuant
definition:
Issuant

Is"su*ant
(ĭsh"&uuptack_;*ant)
a.
(Her.)
Issuing or coming up; -- a term used to express a charge or bearing rising or coming out of another.


word: Issue
definition:
Issue

Is"sue
(ĭsh"&uuptack_;)
n.
[OF. issue, eissue, F. issue, fr. OF. issir, eissir, to go out, L. exire; ex out of, from + ire to go, akin to Gr. 'ie`nai, Skr. i, Goth. iddja went, used as prefect of gaggan to go.  Cf. Ambition, Count a nobleman, Commence, Errant, Exit, Eyre, Initial, Yede went.]

1.
The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out from any inclosed place; egress; as, the issue of water from a pipe, of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows, of people from a house.

2.
The act of sending out, or causing to go forth; delivery; issuance; as, the issue of an order from a commanding officer; the issue of money from a treasury.

3.
That which passes, flows, or is sent out; the whole quantity sent forth or emitted at one time; as, an issue of bank notes; the daily issue of a newspaper.

4.
Progeny; a child or children; offspring. In law, sometimes, in a general sense, all persons descended from a common ancestor; all lineal descendants.

If the king
Should without issue die.
Shak.

5.
Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or other property; as, A conveyed to B all his right for a term of years, with all the issues, rents, and profits.

6.
A discharge of flux, as of blood.
Matt. ix. 20.

7.
(Med.)
An artificial ulcer, usually made in the fleshy part of the arm or leg, to produce the secretion and discharge of pus for the relief of some affected part.

8.
The final outcome or result; upshot; conclusion; event; hence, contest; test; trial.

Come forth to view
The issue of the exploit.
Shak.

While it is hot, I 'll put it to the issue.
Shak.

9.
A point in debate or controversy on which the parties take affirmative and negative positions; a presentation of alternatives between which to choose or decide; a point of contention; a matter in controversy.

10.
(Law)
In pleading, a single material point of law or fact depending in the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the other, is presented for determination. See General issue, under General, and Feigned issue, under Feigned.
Blount. Cowell.

At issue, in controversy; disputed; opposing or contesting; hence, at variance; disagreeing; inconsistent.
[1913 Webster]
As much at issue with the summer day
As if you brought a candle out of doors. Mrs. Browning.
-- Bank of issue, Collateral issue, etc. See under Bank, Collateral, etc. -- Issue pea, a pea, or a similar round body, used to maintain irritation in a wound, and promote the secretion and discharge of pus. -- To join issue, or To take issue, to take opposing sides in a matter in controversy.


word: Issue₂
definition:
Issue

Is"sue
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Issued (ĭsh"&uuptack_;d); p. pr. & vb. n. Issuing.]

1.
To pass or flow out; to run out, as from any inclosed place.

From it issued forced drops of blood.
Shak.

2.
To go out; to rush out; to sally forth; as, troops issued from the town, and attacked the besiegers.

3.
To proceed, as from a source; as, water issues from springs; light issues from the sun.

4.
To proceed, as progeny; to be derived; to be descended; to spring.

Of thy sons that shall issue from thee.
2  Kings xx. 18.

5.
To extend; to pass or open; as, the path issues into the highway.

6.
To be produced as an effect or result; to grow or accrue; to arise; to proceed; as, rents and profits issuing from land, tenements, or a capital stock.

7.
To close; to end; to terminate; to turn out; as, we know not how the cause will issue.

8.
(Law)
In pleading, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join issue.


word: Issue₃
definition:
Issue

Is"sue
(ĭsh"&uuptack_;)
v. t.
1.
To send out; to put into circulation; as, to issue notes from a bank.

2.
To deliver for use; as, to issue provisions.

3.
To send out officially; to deliver by authority; as, to issue an order; to issue a writ.


word: Issus
definition:
Issus

Issus
prop. n.
A battle (333 BC) in which Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III.

Syn. -- battle of Issus.


word: -ist
definition:
-ist

-ist
(ĭsh"&uuptack_;*ĭst)
[Gr. _;: cf. F. -iste.]
A noun suffix denoting an agent, or doer, one who practices, a believer in; as, theorist, one who theorizes; socialist, one who holds to socialism; sensualist, one given to sensuality.


word: Istanbul
definition:
Istanbul

Istanbul
prop. n.
A city in European Turkey, built on the site of ancient Byzantium.  It is the former capital of the Turkish Empire, known as Constantinople before being captured by the Turks.

Syn. -- Stambul, Stamboul, Constantinople.


word: Isthmian
definition:
Isthmian

Isth"mi*an
(?)
a.
[L. Isthmius, Gr. _;. See Isthmus.]
Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of Corinth, in Greece.

Isthmian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of Greece, celebrated on the Isthmus of Corinth in the spring of every alternate year. They consisted of all kinds of athletic sports, wrestling, boxing, racing on foot and in chariots, and also contests in music and poetry. The prize was a garland of pine leaves.


word: Isthmus
definition:
Isthmus

Isth"mus
(?; 277)
n.
pl. Isthmuses (#).
[L. isthmus, Gr. 'isqmo`s a neck, a neck of land between two seas, an isthmus, especially the Isthmus of Corinth; prob. from the root of 'ie`nai to go; cf. Icel. eið isthmus. See Issue.]
(Geog.)
A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland; as, the Isthmus of Panama; the Isthmus of Suez, etc.

Isthmus of the fauces. (Anat.) See Fauces.


word: Isuret
definition:
Isuret

I*su"ret
(?)
n.
[Iso- + urea.]
(Chem.)
An artificial nitrogenous base, isomeric with urea, and forming a white crystalline substance; -- called also isuretine.


word: It
definition:
It

It
(ĭt)
pron.
[OE. it, hit, AS. hit; cf. D. het. √181. See He.]
The neuter pronoun of the third person, corresponding to the masculine pronoun he and the feminine she, and having the same plural (they, their or theirs, them).

&hand_; The possessive form its is modern, being rarely found in the writings of Shakespeare and Milton, and not at all in the original King James's version of the Bible. During the transition from the regular his to the anomalous its, it was to some extent employed in the possessive without the case ending. See His, and He. In Dryden's time its had become quite established as the regular form.

The day present hath ever inough to do with it owne grief.
Genevan Test.

Do, child, go to it grandam, child.
Shak.

It knighthood shall do worse. It shall fright all it friends with borrowing letters.
B. Jonson.

&hand_; In the course of time, the nature of the neuter sign t in it, the form being found in but a few words, became misunderstood. Instead of being looked upon as an affix, it passed for part of the original word. Hence was formed from it the anomalous genitive its, superseding the Saxon his.
Latham.

The fruit tree yielding fruit after his (its) kind.
Gen. i. 11.
It is used,

1. As a substance for any noun of the neuter gender; as, here is the book, take it home.
[1913 Webster]
2. As a demonstrative, especially at the beginning of a sentence, pointing to that which is about to be stated, named, or mentioned, or referring to that which apparent or well known; as, I saw it was John.
[1913 Webster]
It is I; be not afraid. Matt. xiv. 27.
[1913 Webster]
Peter heard that it was the Lord. John xxi. 7.
Often, in such cases, as a substitute for a sentence or clause; as, it is thought he will come; it is wrong to do this.
[1913 Webster]
3. As an indefinite nominative for a impersonal verb; as, it snows; it rains.
[1913 Webster]
4. As a substitute for such general terms as, the state of affairs, the condition of things, and the like; as, how is it with the sick man?
[1913 Webster]
Think on me when it shall be well with thee. Gen. xl. 14.
[1913 Webster]
5. As an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a substantive used humorously as a verb; as, to foot it (i. e., to walk).
[1913 Webster]
The Lacedemonians, at the Straits of Thermopylæ, when their arms failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth. Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it,
If folly grows romantic, I must paint it. Pope.


Its self. See Itself.


word: Itacism
definition:
Itacism

I"ta*cism
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. itacisme. See Etacism, and cf. Iotacism.]
(Greek Gram.)
Pronunciation of η (eta) as the modern Greeks pronounce it, that is, like e in the English word be. This was the pronunciation advocated by Reuchlin and his followers, in opposition to the etacism of Erasmus. See Etacism.

In all such questions between ε and αι the confusing element of itacism comes in.
Alford.


word: Itacolumite
definition:
Itacolumite

It`a*col"u*mite
(?)
n.
[From Itacolumi, a mountain of Brazil.]
(Min.)
A laminated, granular, siliceous rocks, often occurring in regions where the diamond is found.


word: Itaconic
definition:
Itaconic

It`a*con"ic
(?)
a.
[From aconitic, by transposition of the letters.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C5H6O4, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by decomposing aconitic and other organic acids.


word: itaconic acid
definition:
itaconic acid

it`a*con"ic ac"id
(?)
n.
(Chem.)
The unsaturated dicarboxylic acid CH2=C(COOH)CH2.COOH, also called methylenesuccynic acid and propylene dicarboxylic acid.


word: Itala
definition:
Itala

It"a*la
(?)
n.
[Fem. of L. Italus Italian.]
An early Latin version of the Scriptures (the Old Testament was translated from the Septuagint, and was also called the Italic version).


word: Italian
definition:
Italian

I*tal"ian
(?)
a.
[Cf. F. italien, It. italiano.  Cf. Italic.]
Of or pertaining to Italy, or to its people or language.

Italian cloth a light material of cotton and worsted; -- called also farmer's satin. -- Italian iron, a heater for fluting frills. -- Italian juice, Calabrian liquorice.


word: Italian₂
definition:
Italian

I*tal"ian
n.
1.
A native or inhabitant of Italy.

2.
The language used in Italy, or by the Italians.


word: Italianate
definition:
Italianate

I*tal"ian*ate
(?)
v. t.
[Cf. It. italianare.]
To render Italian, or conformable to Italian customs; to Italianize.
[R.]
Ascham.


word: Italianism
definition:
Italianism

I*tal"ian*ism
(?)
n.
1.
A word, phrase, or idiom, peculiar to the Italians; an Italicism.

2.
Attachment to, or sympathy for, Italy.


word: Italianize
definition:
Italianize

I*tal"ian*ize
(?)
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Italianized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Italianizing (?).]
[Cf. F. italianiser, It. italianizzare.]

1.
To play the Italian; to speak Italian.
Cotgrave.

2.
To render Italian in any respect; to Italianate.
Italianized
Lowell.


word: Italic
definition:
Italic

I*tal"ic
(?)
a.
[L. Italicus: cf. F. italique.  Cf. Italian.]

1.
Relating to Italy or to its people.

2.
Applied especially to a kind of type in which the letters do not stand upright, but slope toward the right; -- so called because dedicated to the States of Italy by the inventor, Aldus Manutius, about the year 1500.

Italic languages, the group or family of languages of ancient Italy. -- Italic order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite. -- Italic school, a term given to the Pythagorean and Eleatic philosophers, from the country where their doctrines were first promulgated. -- Italic version. See Itala.


word: Italic₂
definition:
Italic

I*tal"ic
n.
pl. Italics (_;).
(Print.)
An Italic letter, character, or type (see Italic, a., 2.); -- often in the plural; as, the Italics are the author's. Italic letters are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis, etc. Also, collectively, Italic letters.


word: Italicism
definition:
Italicism

I*tal"i*cism
(?)
n.
1.
A phrase or idiom peculiar to the Italian language; to Italianism.

2.
The use of Italics.


word: Italicize
definition:
Italicize

I*tal"i*cize
(?)
v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Italicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Italicizing (?).]
To print in Italic characters; to underline written letters or words with a single line; as, to Italicize a word; Italicizes too much.


word: Ita palm
definition:
Ita palm

I"ta palm`
(?)
(Bot.)
A magnificent species of palm (Mauritia flexuosa), growing near the Orinoco. The natives eat its fruit and buds, drink its sap, and make thread and cord from its fiber.


word: Itch
definition:
Itch

Itch
(ĭch)
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Itched (ĭcht); p. pr. & vb. n. Itching.]
[OE. icchen, &yogh_;icchen, AS. giccan; akin to D. jeuken, joken, G. jucken, OHG. jucchen.]

1.
To have an uneasy sensation in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part affected.

My mouth hath itched all this long day.
Chaucer.

2.
To have a constant desire or teasing uneasiness; to long for; as, itching ears.
itching
Shak.


word: Itch₂
definition:
Itch

Itch
n.
1.
(Med.)
An eruption of small, isolated, acuminated vesicles, produced by the entrance of a parasitic mite (the Sarcoptes scabei), and attended with itching. It is transmissible by contact.

2.
Any itching eruption.

3.
A sensation in the skin occasioned (or resembling that occasioned) by the itch eruption; -- called also scabies, psora, etc.

4.
A constant irritating desire.

An itch of being thought a divine king.
Dryden.

Baker's itch. See under Baker. -- Barber's itch, sycosis. -- Bricklayer's itch, an eczema of the hands attended with much itching, occurring among bricklayers. -- Grocer's itch, an itching eruption, being a variety of eczema, produced by the sugar mite (Tyrogluphus sacchari). -- Itch insect (Zool.), a small parasitic mite (Sarcoptes scabei) which burrows and breeds beneath the human skin, thus causing the disease known as the itch. See Illust. in Append. -- Itch mite. (Zool.) Same as Itch insect, above. Also, other similar mites affecting the lower animals, as the horse and ox. -- Sugar baker's itch, a variety of eczema, due to the action of sugar upon the skin. -- Washerwoman's itch, eczema of the hands and arms, occurring among washerwomen.


word: -ite
definition:
-ite

-ite
(?)
[From Gr. _;, _;.]
1.
A suffix denoting one of a party, a sympathizer with or adherent of, and the like, and frequently used in ridicule; as, a Millerite; a Benthamite.

2.
A suffix used in naming minerals; as, chlorite, from its characteristic green color; barite, from its heaviness; graphite, from its use in writing.

3.
(Chem.)
A suffix used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end in -ous; as, sulphite, from sulphurous; nitrite, from nitrous acid, etc.


word: Itelmen
definition:
Itelmen

Itelmen
(?)
prop. n.
1.
(Ethnol.)
An aboriginal tribe inhabiting the southern part of the Kamchatka peninsula; called also Kamchadal and Kamtschadal.

2.
The language of the Itelmen people.


word: item₂
definition:
item

i"tem
(?)
n.
[From Item, adv.]

1.
An article; a separate particular in an account; as, the items in a bill; he picked up four items at the drug store.

2.
A hint; an innuendo.
[Obs.]

A secret item was given to some of the bishops . . . to absent themselves.
Fuller.

3.
A short article in a newspaper; a paragraph; as, an item concerning the weather.

4.
A topic or piece of information having the salacious character of gossip, especially a romantic relation between two people; as, I hear that the boss and his new secretary are an item.


word: Item
definition:
Item

I"tem
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Itemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iteming.]
To make a note or memorandum of.

I have itemed it in my memory.
Addison.


word: item-by-item
definition:
item-by-item

item-by-item
adj.
considered one item at a time; -- contrasted with using general rules for groups of items considered by their class.


word: Itemize
definition:
Itemize

I"tem*ize
(?)
v. t.
To state in items, or by particulars; to list each item in a collection under discussion; as, to itemize the cost of a railroad.
[Local, U. S.]


word: Iter
definition:
Iter

I"ter
(?)
n.
[L. See Eyre.]
(Anat.)
A passage; esp., the passage between the third and fourth ventricles in the brain; the aqueduct of Sylvius.


word: Iterable
definition:
Iterable

It"er*a*ble
(?)
a.
[L. iterabilis. See Iterate.]
Capable of being iterated or repeated.
[Obs.]


word: Iterant
definition:
Iterant

It"er*ant
(?)
a.
[L. iterans, p. pr. of iterare.]
 Repeating; iterating; as, an iterant echo.
Bacon.


word: Iterate
definition:
Iterate

It"er*ate
(ĭt"ẽr*a̝t)
a.
[L. iteratus, p. p. of iterare to repeat, fr. iterum again, prop. a compar. from the stem of is he, that; cf. L. ita so, item likewise, also, Skr. itara other, iti thus.  Cf. Identity, Item.]
Uttered or done again; repeated.
[Obs.]
Bp. Gardiner.


word: Iterate₂
definition:
Iterate

It"er*ate
(ĭt"ẽr*āt)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Iterated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iterating.]
To utter or do a second time or many times; to repeat; as, to iterate advice.

Nor Eve to iterate
Her former trespass feared.
Milton.


word: Iteration
definition:
Iteration

It`er*a"tion
(?)
n.
[L. iteratio.]
1.
Recital or performance a second time; repetition.
Bacon.

What needs this iteration, woman?
Shak.

2.
(Computers)
The execution of a statement or series of statements in a loop which is repeated in a computer program; as, at each iteration, the counter is incremented by 2.


word: Iterative
definition:
Iterative

It"er*a*tive
(?)
a.
[L. iterativus: cf. F. itératif.]
Repeating.
Cotgrave.
It"er*a*tive*ly, adv.


word: Ithyphallic
definition:
Ithyphallic

Ith`y*phal"lic
(?)
a.
[L. ithyphallicus, fr. ithyphallus, Gr. _;, membrum virile erectum, or a figure thereof carried in the festivals of Bacchus.]
Lustful; lewd; salacious; indecent; obscene.


word: Itineracy
definition:
Itineracy

I*tin"er*a*cy
(i̝*tĭn"ẽr*ȧ*s&ybreve_;)
n.
The act or practice of itinerating; itinerancy.


word: Itinerancy
definition:
Itinerancy

I*tin"er*an*cy
(i̝*tĭn"ẽr*an*s&ybreve_;)
n.
[See Itinerant.]

1.
A passing from place to place.
Dr. H. More.

2.
A discharge of official duty involving frequent change of residence; the custom or practice of discharging official duty in this way; also, a body of persons who thus discharge official duty.


word: Itinerant
definition:
Itinerant

I*tin"er*ant
(i̝*tĭn"ẽr*ant)
a.
[LL. itinerans, -antis, p. pr. of itinerare to make a journey, fr. L. iter, itineris, a walk, way, journey. See Errant, Issue.]
Passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a circuit; wandering; not settled; as, an itinerant preacher; an itinerant peddler.

The king's own courts were then itinerant, being kept in the king's palace, and removing with his household in those royal progresses which he continually made.
Blackstone.


word: Itinerant₂
definition:
Itinerant

I*tin"er*ant
a.
One who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled.

Glad to turn itinerant,
To stroll and teach from town to town.
Hudibras.


word: itinerary
definition:
itinerary

i*tin"er*a*ry
(i̝*tĭn"ẽr*a̝*r&ybreve_;)
a.
[L. itinerarius: cf. F. itinéraire. See Itinerant.]
Itinerant; traveling; passing from place to place; done on a journey.

It was rather an itinerary circuit of justice than a progress.
Bacon.


word: Itinerary
definition:
Itinerary

I*tin"er*a*ry
n.
pl. Itineraries (i̝*tĭn"ẽr*a̝*rĭz).
[L. itinerarium: cf. F. itinéraire. See Itinerary, a.]
1.
An account of travels, or a register of places and distances as a guide to travelers; as, the Itinerary of Antoninus.

2.
A detailed plan for a journey, including a list of places to be visited, and often other information such as the dates, places of residence, and transportation to be used during the journey; as, the catacombs aren't on our itinerary.


word: itinerate
definition:
itinerate

i*tin"er*ate
(i̝*tĭn"ẽr*āt)
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Itinerated (i̝*tĭn"ẽr*ā`tĕd); p. pr. & vb. n. Itinerating (i̝*tĭn"ẽr*ā`tĭng).]
[LL. itineratus, p. p. of itinerari, itinerare. See Itinerant.]
To wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing, etc.


word: -itis
definition:
-itis

-i"tis
(ī"tĭs)
[Gr. 'i`tis, orig, fem. adjective suffix.]
A suffix used in medical terms to denote an inflammatory disease of; as, arthritis; bronchitis, phrenitis, nephritis.


word: itself
definition:
itself

it*self"
(ĭt*sĕlf")
pron.
The neuter reflexive pronoun of It; as, the thing is good in itself; it stands by itself.

Borrowing of foreigners, in itself, makes not the kingdom rich or poor.
Locke.


word: itty-bitty
definition:
itty-bitty

itsy-bitsy

it"sy-bit"sy, it"ty-bit"ty
(?)
a.
very small; tiny.

Syn. -- bitty, bittie, teensy, teentsy, teeny, wee, weeny, weensy, teensy-weensy.

It was an itsy-bitsy teeny-weeny  yellow polka-dot bikini that she wore for the first time today.
Song lyrics


word: Itzibu
definition:
Itzibu

It"zi*bu
(ĭt"sĭ*bō)
n.
[Jap. ichibu.]
(Numis.)
A silver coin of Japan, worth about thirty-four cents.
[Written also itzebu, ichebu, itcheboo, etc.]


word: IUD
definition:
IUD

IUD
(?)
n.
An intrauterine device, a contraceptive device consisting of a small, usually plastic object placed within the uterus to prevent conception.


word: Iulidan
definition:
Iulidan

I*u"li*dan
(?)
n.
[See Iulus.]
(Zool.)
One of the Iulidæ, a family of myriapods, of which the genus Iulus is the type. See Iulus.


word: Iulus
definition:
Iulus

I*u"lus
(?)
n.
[L., down, Gr. _; down, centipede.]
(Zool.)
A genus of chilognathous myriapods. The body is long and round, consisting of numerous smooth, equal segments, each of which bears two pairs of short legs. It includes the galleyworms. See Chilognatha.


word: Ivan Ivanovitch
definition:
Ivan Ivanovitch

I*van" I*van"o*vitch
(?)
prop. n.
An ideal personification of the typical Russian or of the Russian people; -- used as “John Bull” is used for the typical Englishman.


word: -ive
definition:
-ive

-ive
(?)
suff.
[L. -ivus.]
An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to; as, affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive.


word: Ivoride
definition:
Ivoride

I"vo*ride
(?)
n.
A composition resembling ivory in appearance and used as a substitute for it.


word: Ivory
definition:
Ivory

I"vo*ry
(ī"vo̝*r&ybreve_;)
n.
pl. Ivories (#).
[OE. ivori, F. ivoire, fr. L. eboreus made of ivory, fr. ebur, eboris, ivory, cf. Skr. ibha elephant.  Cf. Eburnean.]

1.
The hard, white, opaque, fine-grained substance constituting the tusks of the elephant. It is a variety of dentine, characterized by the minuteness and close arrangement of the tubes, as also by their double flexure. It is used in manufacturing articles of ornament or utility.

&hand_; Ivory is the name commercially given not only to the substance constituting the tusks of the elephant, but also to that of the tusks of the hippopotamus and walrus, the hornlike tusk of the narwhal, etc.

2.
The tusks themselves of the elephant, etc.

3.
Any carving executed in ivory.
Mollett.

4.
pl.
Teeth; as, to show one's ivories.
[Slang]

Ivory black. See under Black, n. -- Ivory gull (Zool.), a white Arctic gull (Larus eburneus). -- Ivory nut (Bot.), the nut of a species of palm, the Phytephas macroarpa, often as large as a hen's egg. When young the seed contains a fluid, which gradually hardness into a whitish, close-grained, albuminous substance, resembling the finest ivory in texture and color, whence it is called vegetable ivory. It is wrought into various articles, as buttons, chessmen, etc. The palm is found in New Grenada. A smaller kind is the fruit of the Phytephas microarpa. The nuts are known in commerce as Corosso nuts. -- Ivory palm (Bot.), the palm tree which produces ivory nuts. -- Ivory shell (Zool.), any species of Eburna, a genus of marine gastropod shells, having a smooth surface, usually white with red or brown spots. -- Vegetable ivory, the meat of the ivory nut. See Ivory nut (above).


word: Ivory-bill
definition:
Ivory-bill

ivorybill

i"vo*ry*bill`, I"vo*ry-bill`
(ī"vo̝*r&ybreve_;*bĭl`)
n.
(Zool.)
A large, handsome, black-and-white North American woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), having a large, sharp, ivory-colored beak. Its general color is glossy black, with white secondaries, and a white dorsal stripe. The male has a large, scarlet crest. It is now rare, and found only in the Gulf States and Cuba.

Syn. -- ivory-billed woodpecker, Campephilus principalis.


word: Ivorytype
definition:
Ivorytype

I"vo*ry*type`
(?)
n.
(Photog.)
A picture produced by superposing a very light print, rendered translucent by varnish, and tinted upon the back, upon a stronger print, so as to give the effect of a photograph in natural colors; -- called also hellenotype.
Knight.


word: Ivry
definition:
Ivry

Ivry
n.
A battle (1590) in which the Huguenots under Henry IV. of France defeated the Catholics under the duke of Mayenne.

Syn. -- battle of Ivry, Ivry la Bataille.


word: Ivy
definition:
Ivy

I"vy
(?)
n.
pl. Ivies (#).
[AS. īfig; akin to OHG. ebawi, ebah, G. epheu.]
(Bot.)
A plant of the genus Hedera (Hedera helix), common in Europe.  Its leaves are evergreen, dark, smooth, shining, and mostly five-pointed; the flowers yellowish and small; the berries black or yellow. The stem clings to walls and trees by rootlike fibers.

Direct
The clasping ivy where to climb.
Milton.

Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere.
Milton.

American ivy. (Bot.) See Virginia creeper. -- English ivy (Bot.), a popular name in America for the ivy proper (Hedera helix). -- German ivy (Bot.), a creeping plant, with smooth, succulent stems, and fleshy, light-green leaves; a species of Senecio (Senecio scandens). -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) Gill (Nepeta Glechoma). -- Ivy bush. (Bot.) See Mountain laurel, under Mountain. -- Ivy owl (Zool.), the barn owl. -- Ivy tod (Bot.), the ivy plant. Tennyson. -- Japanese ivy (Bot.), a climbing plant (Ampelopsis tricuspidata), closely related to the Virginia creeper. -- Poison ivy (Bot.), an American woody creeper (Rhus Toxicodendron), with trifoliate leaves, and greenish-white berries. It is exceedingly poisonous to the touch for most persons. -- To pipe in an ivy leaf, to console one's self as best one can. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- West Indian ivy, a climbing plant of the genus Marcgravia.


word: Iwo
definition:
Iwo

Iwo
prop. n.
a bloody and prolonged military operation in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945).

Syn. -- Iwo Jima, invasion of Iwo.


word: I. W. W.
definition:
I. W. W.

I. W. W.
Abbrev.
Industrial Workers of the World (the name of two American labor organizations, one of which advocates syndicalism)


word: ix
definition:
ix

ix
adj.
The Roman numerals signifying nine; denoting a quantity consisting of one more than eight and one less than ten.

Syn. -- nine, 9.


word: Ixia
definition:
Ixia

Ix"i*a
(?)
n.
[NL., fr. Gr. _; birdlime. So called because of the viscid nature of some of the species.]
(Bot.)
A South African bulbous plant of the Iris family, remarkable for the brilliancy of its flowers.


word: Ixobrychus
definition:
Ixobrychus

Ixobrychus
n.
A genus of birds consisting of certain of the bitterns.

Syn. -- genus Ixobrychus.


word: Ixodes
definition:
Ixodes

Ix*o"des
(?)
n.
[NL., fr. Gr. _; like birdlime; _; birdlime + e'i^dos form.]
(Zool.)
A genus of parasitic Acarina, which includes various species of ticks. See Tick, the insect.


word: ixodid
definition:
ixodid

ixodid
n.
a member of the Ixodidae, a family of ticks having a hard shield on the back and mouth parts that project from the head.

Syn. -- hard tick.


word: Ixodidae
definition:
Ixodidae

Ixodidae
prop. n.
A natural family of ticks having a hard shield on the back and mouth parts that project from the head; the hard ticks.

Syn. -- family Ixodidae.


word: Ixtli
definition:
Ixtli

Ixtle

{ Ix"tle, Ix"tli }
(ĭx"tle̝)
n.
1.
(Bot.)
A Mexican name for a variety of Agave rigida, which furnishes a strong coarse fiber; also, the fiber itself, which is called also pita, and Tampico fiber.
[Written also istle.]


word: Ixtil
definition:
Ixtil

Ixtle

{ Ix"tle Ix"til}
(?)
n.
The fine, soft fiber of the bromeliaceous plant Bromelia sylvestris.


word: Iyyar
definition:
Iyyar

Iyar

Iyar, Iyyar
n.
The eighth month of the civil year in the Jewish calendar; the second month of the ecclesiastical year (in April and May).

Syn. -- Iyyar.


word: Izanagi
definition:
Izanagi

Izanagi
prop. n.
(Japanese Mythology)
The god who fathered the islands and gods of Japan with his sister Izanami.


word: Izanami
definition:
Izanami

Izanami
prop. n.
(Japanese Mythology)
The sister and consort of Izanagi; mother of the islands and gods of Japan.


word: -ize
definition:
-ize

-ize
(?)
suff.
[F. -iser, L. -izare, Gr. _;.]
A verb suffix signifying to make, to do, to practice; as, apologize, baptize, theorize, tyrannize.

&hand_; In the case of certain words the spelling with -ise (after analogy with F. -iser) is the usual form; as, catechise, criticise. With regard to most words, however, which have this suffix there is a diversity of usage, some authorities spelling -ise, others (as in this book) -ize.


word: Izedi
definition:
Izedi

Iz"e*di
(?)
n.
One of an Oriental religious sect which worships Satan or the Devil.

The Izedis or Yezdis, the so-called Devil worshipers, still remain a numerous though oppressed people in Mesopotamia and adjacent countries.
Tylor.


word: Izzard₂
definition:
Izzard

Iz"zard
(?)
n.
[Formerly ezed, prob. fr. F.  et zéde and z.]
The letter z; -- formerly so called.


word: J
definition:
J

J
(jā)
J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of English y in yet. The forms J and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have been used interchangeably.

In medical prescriptions j is still used in place of i at the end of a number, as a Roman numeral; as, vj, xij.
J is etymologically most closely related to i, y, g; as in jot, iota; jest, gesture; join, jugular, yoke. See I.
J is a compound vocal consonant, nearly equivalent in sound to dzh. It is exactly the same as g in gem. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 179, 211, 239.


word: Jaal goat
definition:
Jaal goat

Jaal" goat`
(?)
(Zool.)
A species of wild goat (Capra Nubiana) found in the mountains of Abyssinia, Upper Egypt, and Arabia; -- called also beden, and jaela.


word: Jab
definition:
Jab

Jab
(jăb)
v. t.
[Cf. Job.]
To thrust; to stab; to punch. See Job, v. t.
[Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]


word: Jabber
definition:
Jabber

Jab"ber
(?)
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Jabbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jabbering.]
[Cf. Gibber, Gabble.]
To talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly; to utter gibberish or nonsense; to chatter.
Swift.


word: Jabiru
definition:
Jabiru

Jab"i*ru
(?)
n.
[Braz. jabirú, jaburú.]
(Zool.)
One of several large wading birds of the genera Mycteria and Xenorhynchus, allied to the storks in form and habits.

&hand_; The American jabiru (Mycteria Americana) is white, with the head and neck black and nearly bare of feathers. The East Indian and Australian (Xenorhynchus Australis) has the neck, head, and back covered with glossy, dark green feathers, changing on the head to purple. The African jabiru (Mycteria Senegalensis or Ephippiorhynchus, Senegalensis) has the neck, head, wing coverts, and tail, black, and is called also saddle-billed stork.


word: Jaborandi
definition:
Jaborandi

Jab`o*ran"di
(?)
n.
(Bot.)
The native name of a South American rutaceous shrub (Pilocarpus pennatifolius). The leaves are used in medicine as an diaphoretic and sialogogue.


word: Jaborine
definition:
Jaborine

Jab"o*rine
(?)
n.
[From Jaborandi.]
(Chem.)
An alkaloid found in jaborandi leaves, from which it is extracted as a white amorphous substance. In its action it resembles atropine.


word: Jabot
definition:
Jabot

Jab"ot
(?)
n.
[F.]
1.
Originally, a kind of ruffle worn by men on the bosom of the shirt.

2.
An arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and worn by women on the front of the dress.


word: jaboticaba
definition:
jaboticaba

jaboticaba
n.
1.
A small evergreen tropical tree (Myrciaria cauliflora) native to Brazil and West Indies but introduced into southern U. S.; it is grown in Brazil for its edible tough-skinned purple grapelike fruit that grows all along the branches.

Syn. -- jaboticaba tree, Myrciaria cauliflora.

2.
The tough-skinned purple grapelike tropical fruit of the jaboticaba tree (Myrciaria cauliflora), grown in Brazil.


word: Jacal
definition:
Jacal

Ja*cal"
(hä*käl"; 239)
n.
[Amer. Sp., fr. Mex. xacalli.]
In Mexico and the southwestern United States, a kind of plastered house or hut, usually made by planting poles or timber in the ground, filling in between them with screen work or wickerwork, and daubing one or both sides with mud or adobe mortar; also, this method of construction.


word: Jacamar
definition:
Jacamar

Jac"a*mar`
(?)
n.
[F. jacamar, Braz. jacamarica; cf. Sp. jacamar.]
(Zool.)
Any one of numerous species of tropical American birds of the genus Galbula and allied genera. They are allied to the kingfishers, but climb on tree trunks like nuthatches, and feed upon insects. Their colors are often brilliant.


word: Jacana
definition:
Jacana

Jac"a*na`
(?)
n.
[Cf. Sp. jacania.]
(Zool.)
Any of several wading birds belonging to the genus Jacana and several allied genera, all of which have spurs on the wings. They are able to run about over floating water weeds by means of their very long, spreading toes. Called also surgeon bird.

&hand_; The most common South American species is Jacana spinosa. The East Indian or pheasant jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus) is remarkable for having four very long, curved, middle tail feathers.


word: Jacaranda
definition:
Jacaranda

Jac`a*ran"da
(?)
n.
[Braz.; cf. Sp. & Pg. jacaranda.]
(Bot.)
(a)
The native Brazilian name for certain leguminous trees, which produce the beautiful woods called king wood, tiger wood, and violet wood.
(b)
A genus of bignoniaceous Brazilian trees with showy trumpet-shaped flowers.


word: Jacchus
definition:
Jacchus

Jac"chus
(?)
n.
[NL., fr. L. Jacchus a mystic name of Bacchus, Gr. _;.]
(Zool.)
The common marmoset (Hapale vulgaris). Formerly, the name was also applied to other species of the same genus.


word: Jacent
definition:
Jacent

Ja"cent
(?)
a.
[L. jacens, p. pr. of jacere to lie: cf. F. jacent.]
Lying at length; as, the jacent posture.
[R.]
Sir H. Wotton.


word: Jack
definition:
Jack

Jack
(jăk)
n.
[Pg. jaca, Malayalam, tsjaka.]
(Bot.)
A large tree, the Artocarpus integrifolia, common in the East Indies, closely allied to the breadfruit, from which it differs in having its leaves entire. The fruit is of great size, weighing from thirty to forty pounds, and through its soft fibrous matter are scattered the seeds, which are roasted and eaten. The wood is of a yellow color, fine grain, and rather heavy, and is much used in cabinetwork. It is also used for dyeing a brilliant yellow.
[Written also jak.]


word: Jack₂
definition:
Jack

Jack
(jăk)
n.
[F. Jacques James, L. Jacobus, Gr. _;, Heb. Ya 'aq&omacrb Jacob; prop., seizing by the heel; hence, a supplanter.  Cf. Jacobite, Jockey.]

1.
A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, John.

You are John Rugby, and you are Jack Rugby.
Shak.

2.
An impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a clown; also, a servant; a rustic.
Jack
Chaucer.

Since every Jack became a gentleman,
There 's many a gentle person made a Jack.
Shak.

3.
A popular colloquial name for a sailor; -- called also Jack tar, and Jack afloat.

4.
A mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a subordinate part of a machine, rendering convenient service, and often supplying the place of a boy or attendant who was commonly called Jack
(a)
A device to pull off boots.
(b)
A sawhorse or sawbuck.
(c)
A machine or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke jack, or kitchen jack.
(b)
(Mining)
A wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by blasting.
(e)
(Knitting Machine)
A lever for depressing the sinkers which push the loops down on the needles.
(f)
(Warping Machine)
A grating to separate and guide the threads; a heck box.
(g)
(Spinning)
A machine for twisting the sliver as it leaves the carding machine.
(h)
A compact, portable machine for planing metal.
(i)
A machine for slicking or pebbling leather.
(k)
A system of gearing driven by a horse power, for multiplying speed.
(l)
A hood or other device placed over a chimney or vent pipe, to prevent a back draught.
(m)
In the harpsichord, an intermediate piece communicating the action of the key to the quill; -- called also hopper.
(n)
In hunting, the pan or frame holding the fuel of the torch used to attract game at night; also, the light itself.
C. Hallock.

5.
A portable machine variously constructed, for exerting great pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body such as an automobile through a small distance. It consists of a lever, screw, rack and pinion, hydraulic press, or any simple combination of mechanical powers, working in a compact pedestal or support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc. The name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of jack.

6.
The small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls.
Shak.

Like an uninstructed bowler who thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straight forward upon it.
Sir W. Scott.

7.
The male of certain animals, as of the ass.

8.
(Zool.)
(a)
A young pike; a pickerel.
(b)
The jurel.
(c)
A large, California rock fish (Sebastodes paucispinus); -- called also boccaccio, and mérou.
(d)
The wall-eyed pike.

9.
A drinking measure holding half a pint; also, one holding a quarter of a pint.
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

10.
(Naut.)
(a)
A flag, containing only the union, without the fly, usually hoisted on a jack staff at the bowsprit cap; -- called also union jack. The American jack is a small blue flag, with a star for each State.
(b)
A bar of iron athwart ships at a topgallant masthead, to support a royal mast, and give spread to the royal shrouds; -- called also jack crosstree.
R. H. Dana, Jr.

11.
The knave of a suit of playing cards.
12.
(pl.)
A game played with small (metallic, with tetrahedrally oriented spikes) objects (the jacks(1950+), formerly jackstones) that are tossed, caught, picked up, and arranged on a horizontal surface in various patterns; in the modern American game, the movements are accompanied by tossing or bouncing a rubber ball on the horizontal surface supporting the jacks. same as jackstones.

13.
Money.
[slang]

14.
Apple jack.

15.
Brandy.

&hand_; Jack is used adjectively in various senses. It sometimes designates something cut short or diminished in size; as, a jack timber; a jack rafter; a jack arch, etc.

Jack arch, an arch of the thickness of one brick. -- Jack back (Brewing & Malt Vinegar Manuf.), a cistern which receives the wort. See under 1st Back. -- Jack block (Naut.), a block fixed in the topgallant or royal rigging, used for raising and lowering light masts and spars. -- Jack boots, boots reaching above the knee; -- worn in the 17 century by soldiers; afterwards by fishermen, etc. -- Jack crosstree. (Naut.) See 10, b, above. -- Jack curlew (Zool.), the whimbrel. -- Jack frame. (Cotton Spinning) See 4 (g), above. -- Jack Frost, frost or cold weather personified as a mischievous person. -- Jack hare, a male hare. Cowper. -- Jack lamp, a lamp for still hunting and camp use. See def. 4 (n.), above. -- Jack plane, a joiner's plane used for coarse work. -- Jack post, one of the posts which support the crank shaft of a deep-well-boring apparatus. -- Jack pot (Poker Playing), the name given to the stakes, contributions to which are made by each player successively, till such a hand is turned as shall take the “pot,” which is the sum total of all the bets.  See also jackpot. -- Jack rabbit (Zool.), any one of several species of large American hares, having very large ears and long legs. The California species (Lepus Californicus), and that of Texas and New Mexico (Lepus callotis), have the tail black above, and the ears black at the tip. They do not become white in winter. The more northern prairie hare (Lepus campestris) has the upper side of the tail white, and in winter its fur becomes nearly white. -- Jack rafter (Arch.), in England, one of the shorter rafters used in constructing a hip or valley roof; in the United States, any secondary roof timber, as the common rafters resting on purlins in a trussed roof; also, one of the pieces simulating extended rafters, used under the eaves in some styles of building. -- Jack salmon (Zool.), the wall-eyed pike, or glasseye. -- Jack sauce, an impudent fellow. [Colloq. & Obs.] -- Jack shaft (Mach.), the first intermediate shaft, in a factory or mill, which receives power, through belts or gearing, from a prime mover, and transmits it, by the same means, to other intermediate shafts or to a line shaft. -- Jack sinker (Knitting Mach.), a thin iron plate operated by the jack to depress the loop of thread between two needles. -- Jack snipe. (Zool.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Jack staff (Naut.), a staff fixed on the bowsprit cap, upon which the jack is hoisted. -- Jack timber (Arch.), any timber, as a rafter, rib, or studding, which, being intercepted, is shorter than the others. -- Jack towel, a towel hung on a roller for common use. -- Jack truss (Arch.), in a hip roof, a minor truss used where the roof has not its full section. -- Jack tree. (Bot.) See 1st Jack, n. -- Jack yard (Naut.), a short spar to extend a topsail beyond the gaff.

Blue jack, blue vitriol; sulphate of copper. -- Hydraulic jack, a jack used for lifting, pulling, or forcing, consisting of a compact portable hydrostatic press, with its pump and a reservoir containing a supply of liquid, as oil. -- Jack-at-a-pinch. (a) One called upon to take the place of another in an emergency. (b) An itinerant parson who conducts an occasional service for a fee. -- Jack-at-all-trades, one who can turn his hand to any kind of work. -- Jack-by-the-hedge (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erysimum (Erysimum alliaria, or Alliaria officinalis), which grows under hedges. It bears a white flower and has a taste not unlike garlic. Called also, in England, sauce-alone. Eng. Cyc. --  Jack-in-office, an insolent fellow in authority. Wolcott. -- Jack-in-the-bush (Bot.), a tropical shrub with red fruit (Cordia Cylindrostachya). -- Jack-in-the-green, a chimney sweep inclosed in a framework of boughs, carried in Mayday processions. -- Jack-of-the-buttery (Bot.), the stonecrop (Sedum acre). -- Jack-of-the-clock, a figure, usually of a man, on old clocks, which struck the time on the bell. -- Jack-on-both-sides, one who is or tries to be neutral. -- Jack-out-of-office, one who has been in office and is turned out. Shak. -- Jack the Giant Killer, the hero of a well-known nursery story. -- Yellow Jack (Naut.), the yellow fever; also, the quarantine flag. See Yellow flag, under Flag.


word: Jack₃
definition:
Jack

Jack
(?)
n.
[F. jaque, jacque, perh. from the proper name Jacques.  Cf. Jacquerie.]
A coarse and cheap mediæval coat of defense, esp. one made of leather.

Their horsemen are with jacks for most part clad.
Sir J. Harrington.


word: Jack₄
definition:
Jack

Jack
(?)
n.
[Named from its resemblance to a jack boot.]
A pitcher or can of waxed leather; -- called also black jack.
[Obs.]
Dryden.


word: Jackal
definition:
Jackal

Jack"al`
(?)
n.
[Pers. shaghāl: cf. OF. jackal, F. chacal; cf. Skr. ç&rsdot_;gāla.]

1.
(Zool.)
Any one of several species of carnivorous animals inhabiting Africa and Asia, related to the dog and wolf. They are cowardly, nocturnal, and gregarious. They feed largely on carrion, and are noted for their piercing and dismal howling.

&hand_; The common species of Southern Asia (Canis aureus) is yellowish gray, varied with brown on the shoulders, haunches, and legs.  The common African species (Canis anthus) is darker in color.

2.
One who does mean work for another's advantage, as jackals were once thought to kill game which lions appropriated.
[Colloq.]
Ld. Lytton.


word: Jack-a-lent
definition:
Jack-a-lent

Jack"-a-lent
(?)
n.
A small stuffed puppet to be pelted in Lent; hence, a simple fellow.


word: Jackanapes
definition:
Jackanapes

Jack"a*napes
(?)
n.
[For Jack o' (= of) apes; prop., a man who exhibits apes.]
[Written also jackanape.]

1.
A monkey; an ape.
Shak.

2.
A coxcomb; an impertinent or conceited fellow.

A young upstart jackanapes.
Arbuthnot.


word: Jackeroo
definition:
Jackeroo

Jackaroo

{ Jack`a*roo" (?), n. Also Jack`e*roo"}
[Jack + kangaroo.]
A young man living as an apprentice on a sheep station, or otherwise engaged in acquainting himself with colonial life.
[Colloq., Australia]


word: Jackaroo
definition:
Jackaroo

Jack`a*roo"
v. i.
To be a jackaroo; to pass one's time as a jackaroo.
[Colloq., Australia]


word: Jackass
definition:
Jackass

Jack"ass`
(?)
n.
[2d jack + ass.]

1.
The male ass; a donkey.

2.
A conceited dolt; a perverse blockhead; -- disparaging and offensive.

Jackass bark (Naut.), a three-masted vessel, with only the foremast square-rigged; a barkentine. -- Jackass deer (Zool.), the koba. -- Jackass hare, Jackass rabbit (Zool.). See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack, n. -- Jackass penguin (Zool.), any species of penguin of the genus Spheniscus, of which several are known.  One species (Spheniscus demersus) inhabits the islands near the Cape of Good Hope; another (Spheniscus Magellanicus) is found at the Falkland Islands. They make a noise like the braying of an ass; -- hence the name. -- Laughing jackass. (Zool.) See under Laughing.


word: jackboot
definition:
jackboot

jackboot
n.
1.
a man's high tasseled boot.
[19th century]

Syn. -- Hessian boot, hessian, Wellington, Wellington boot.

2.
A strong leather boot reaching up to or over the knee; it is worn mostly by soldiers.


word: jackbooted
definition:
jackbooted

jackbooted
n.
Wearing jackboots; -- used especially as a metaphor for harshly repressive and militaristic; as, jackbooted government agents.


word: jackboot tactics
definition:
jackboot tactics

jackboot tactics
n.
[from the jackboots worn as part of the uniform of police in certain totalitarian countries.]
Harsh strongarm tactics; repressive, bullying and militaristic tactics like those used in authoritarian or totalitarian countries; --  used opprobriously, and often in hyperbolic exaggeration of police tactics in democratic countries.


word: Jacket
definition:
Jacket

Jack"et
(?)
n.
[F. jaquette, dim. of jaque. See 3d Jack, n.]

1.
A short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a short coat without skirts.

2.
An outer covering for anything, esp. a covering of some nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to prevent radiation of heat, as from a steam boiler, cylinder, pipe, etc.

3.
(Mil.)
In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and reënforcing the tube in which the charge is fired.

4.
A garment resembling a waistcoat lined with cork, to serve as a life preserver; -- called also cork jacket.

Blue jacket. (Naut.) See under Blue. -- Steam jacket, a space filled with steam between an inner and an outer cylinder, or between a casing and a receptacle, as a kettle. -- To dust one's jacket, to give one a beating. [Colloq.]


word: Jacket₂
definition:
Jacket

Jack"et
v. t.
1.
To put a jacket on; to furnish, as a boiler, with a jacket.

2.
To thrash; to beat.
[Low]


word: jackhammer
definition:
jackhammer

jackhammer
n.
a hammer having a strong steel cutting blade, driven by compressed air in multiple rapid strokes, and used for cutting through pavement, concrete, or other hard substances.

Syn. -- air hammer, pneumatic hammer.


word: Jack-in-a-box
definition:
Jack-in-a-box

Jack-in-a-box
1.
(Bot.)
A tropical tree (Hernandia sonora), which bears a drupe that rattles when dry in the inflated calyx.

2.
A child's toy, consisting of a box, out of which, when the lid is raised, a figure (usually a clown) springs; also called jack-in-the-box.

3.
(Mech.)
An epicyclic train of bevel gears for transmitting rotary motion to two parts in such a manner that their relative rotation may be variable; applied to driving the wheels of tricycles, road locomotives, and to cotton machinery, etc.; an equation box; a jack frame; -- called also compensating gearing.

4.
A large wooden screw turning in a nut attached to the crosspiece of a rude press.


word: jack-in-the-pulpit
definition:
jack-in-the-pulpit

jack-in-the-pulpit
n.
1.
A common American spring-flowering woodland herb (Arisæma triphyllum) having sheathing leaves and an upright club-shaped spadix with overarching green and purple spathe producing scarlet berries; also called Indian turnip.

Syn. -- Indian turnip, wake-robin, Arisaema triphyllum, Arisaema atrorubens.

2.
A common European arum (Arum maculatum) with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; it emerges in early spring and is a source of a sagolike starch called arum.

Syn. -- cuckoo-pint, cuckoopint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladies, Arum maculatum.


word: Jack Ketch
definition:
Jack Ketch

Jack" Ketch"
(?)
[Perh. fr. Jack, the proper name + Prov. E.  ketch a hangman, fr. ketch, for catch to seize; but see the citations below.]
A public executioner, or hangman.
[Eng.]

The manor of Tyburn was formerly held by Richard Jaquett, where felons for a long time were executed; from whence we have Jack Ketch.
Lloyd's MS., British Museum.

[Monmouth] then accosted John Ketch, the executioner, a wretch who had butchered many brave and noble victims, and whose name has, during a century and a half, been vulgarly given to all who have succeeded him in his odious office.
Macaulay.


word: jacklight
definition:
jacklight

jacklight
n.
A portable source of light, as an oil lantern or electric light, used as a lure for hunting at night.

Syn. -- jack.


word: Jackman
definition:
Jackman

Jack"man
(?)
n.
pl. Jackmen (_;).

1.
One wearing a jack; a horse soldier; a retainer. See 3d Jack, n.

Christie . . . the laird's chief jackman.
Sir W. Scott.

2.
A cream cheese.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.


word: Jack-with-a-lantern
definition:
Jack-with-a-lantern

Jack-o'-lantern

Jack"-o'-lan`tern, Jack"-with-a-lan`tern
(?)
n.
1.
(Biol.)
A large orange-colored luminescent mushroom, Clitocybe illudens, also classified as Omphalotus olearius.  It is poisonous and is sometimes found on hardwood tree stumps.
[wns=1]

Syn. -- jack-a-lantern, Clitocybe illudens.

2.
a pale light sometimes seen at night over marshy ground; an ignis fatuus; a will-o'-the-wisp
[wns=2]
jack-o'-lanterns
Lowell.

Syn. -- friar's lantern, ignis fatuus, will-o'-the-wisp.

3.
A lantern carved from a hollowed-out pumpkin, with holes cut in the rind and so shaped that when it is illuminated by a candle inside,  the features of a human face, cat's face, etc. appear in a glowing yellow color.  It is used mostly as a decoration at Halloween.


word: Jackpot
definition:
Jackpot

Jackpot
(?)
n.
1.
Same as jack pot.  See under jack.

2.
Any larger-than-usual gambling prize formed by the accumulation of unwon bets.

3.
The highest gambling prize awarded in a gambling game in which smaller prizes are also awarded, especially such a prize on a slot machine.

4.
An unusually large success in an enterprise, either unexpected or unpredictable, esp. one providing a great financial benefit.

hit the jackpot to receive an unexpectedly large (or the largest possible) benefit from an enterprise; as, after prospecting for years, he finally hit the jackpot when he discovered a silver lode.


word: Jackscrew
definition:
Jackscrew

Jack"screw`
(?)
n.
A jack in which a screw is used for lifting, or exerting pressure. See Illust. of 2d Jack, n., 5.


word: Jacksnipe
definition:
Jacksnipe

Jack"snipe`
(?)
n.
(Zool.)
(a)
A small European snipe (Limnocryptes gallinula); -- called also judcock, jedcock, juddock, jed, and half snipe.
(b)
A small American sandpiper (Tringa maculata); -- called also pectoral sandpiper, and grass snipe.


word: Jackstay
definition:
Jackstay

Jack"stay`
(?)
n.
(Naut.)
A rail of wood or iron stretching along a yard of a vessel, to which the sails are fastened.


word: Jackstone
definition:
Jackstone

Jack"stone`
(?)
n.
1.
One of the pebbles or pieces used in the game of jackstones.

2.
pl.
A game played with five small stones or pieces of metal. See 6th Chuck.  Also called jacks. See jack{12}, n.


word: Jackstraw
definition:
Jackstraw

Jack"straw`
(?)
n.
1.
An effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man without property or influence.
Milton.

2.
One of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood, etc., for playing a child's game, the jackstraws being thrown confusedly together on a table, to be gathered up singly by a hooked instrument, without touching or disturbing the rest of the pile. See Spilikin.  A modern variation, called pick-up-sticks (U.S. 1940+), is played with thin wooden sticks of different colors, each color having different values for scoring; the sticks are dislodged from the pile with the hand or with one of the sticks.


word: jackstraws
definition:
jackstraws

jack"straws`
(?)
n.
The game played with jackstraws{2}, which resembles pick-up-sticks.


word: Jacky
definition:
Jacky

Jack"y
(?)
n.
pl. Jackies (#)
Dim. or pet from Jack
(a)
A landsman's nickname for a seaman, resented by the latter.
(b)
English gin.
[Dial. Eng.]


word: Jacob
definition:
Jacob

Ja"cob
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. Jacob. See 2d Jack.]
A Hebrew patriarch (son of Isaac, and ancestor of the Jews), who in a vision saw a ladder reaching up to heaven (Gen. xxviii. 12); -- also called Israel.

And Jacob said . . . with my staff I passed over this Jordan, and now I am become two bands.
Gen. xxxii. 9, 10.

Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel.
Gen. xxxii. 28.

Jacob's ladder. (a) (Bot.) A perennial herb of the genus Polemonium (Polemonium cœruleum), having corymbs of drooping flowers, usually blue. Gray. (b) (Naut.) A rope ladder, with wooden steps, for going aloft. R. H. Dana, Jr. (c) (Naut.) A succession of short cracks in a defective spar. -- Jacob's membrane. See Retina. -- Jacob's staff. (a) A name given to many forms of staff or weapon, especially in the Middle Ages; a pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Spenser. (b) (Surveying) See under Staff.


word: Jacobaean lily
definition:
Jacobaean lily

Jac`o*bæ"an lil"y
(?)
[See Jacobean.]
(Bot.)
A bulbous plant  (Amaryllis formosissima syn. Sprekelia formosissima) from Mexico. It bears a single, large, deep, red, lilylike flower.
[Written also Jacobean.]


word: Jacobian
definition:
Jacobian

Jacobean

{ Ja*co"be*an (?; 277), Ja*co"bi*an (?), }
a.
[From L. Jacobus James. See 2d Jack.]
Of or pertaining to James the First, of England, or of his reign or times; especially, pertaining to a style of architecture and decoration popular in the time of James I.; as, Jacobean writers.
Jacobean
C. L. Eastlake.


word: Jacobin
definition:
Jacobin

Jac"o*bin
(jăk"o̝*bĭn)
n.
[F. See 2d Jack, Jacobite.]

1.
(Eccl. Hist.)
A Dominican friar; -- so named because, before the French Revolution, that order had a convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris.

2.
One of a society of violent agitators in France, during the revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the Jacobin convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris, and concerted measures to control the proceedings of the National Assembly.  Hence: A plotter against an existing government; a turbulent demagogue.

3.
(Zool.)
A fancy pigeon, in which the feathers of the neck form a hood, -- whence the name.  The wings and tail are long, and the beak moderately short.


word: Jacobinical
definition:
Jacobinical

Jacobinic

{ Jac`o*bin"ic (jăk`o̝*bĭn"ĭk), Jac`o*bin"ic*al (jăk`o̝*bĭn"ĭ*kal), }
a.
Of or pertaining to the Jacobins of France; revolutionary; of the nature of, or characterized by, Jacobinism.
Burke.
Jac`o*bin"ic*al*ly, adv.


word: Jacobinism
definition:
Jacobinism

Jac"o*bin*ism
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. Jacobinisme.]
The  principles of the Jacobins; violent and factious opposition to legitimate government.

Under this new stimulus, Burn's previous Jacobitism passed towards the opposite, but not very distant, extreme of Jacobinism.
J. C. Shairp.


word: Jacobinize
definition:
Jacobinize

Jac"o*bin*ize`
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jacobinized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jacobinizing (?).]
[Cf. F. Jacobiniser.]
To taint with, or convert to, Jacobinism.

France was not then jacobinized.
Burke.


word: Jacobite
definition:
Jacobite

Jac"o*bite
(?)
prop. n.
[L. Jacobus James:  cf. F. Jacobite. See 2d Jack.]

1.
(Eng. Hist.)
A partisan or adherent of James the Second, after his abdication, or of his descendants, an opposer of the revolution in 1688 in favor of William and Mary.
Macaulay.

2.
(Eccl.)
One of the sect of Syrian Monophysites.  The sect is named after Jacob Baradæus, its leader in the  sixth century.


word: Jacobitical
definition:
Jacobitical

Jacobitic

{ Jac`o*bit"ic (?), Jac`o*bit"ic*al (?), }
a.
Of or pertaining to the Jacobites; characterized by Jacobitism.
Jac`o*bit"ic*al*ly, adv.


word: Jacobus
definition:
Jacobus

Ja*co"bus
(?)
n.
pl. Jacobuses (#).
[See Jacobite.]
An English gold coin, of the value of twenty-five shillings sterling, struck in the reign of James I.


word: Jaconet
definition:
Jaconet

Jac"o*net
(?)
n.
[F. jaconas.]
A thin cotton fabric, between cambric and muslin, used for dresses, neckcloths, etc.
[Written also jacconet.]


word: Jacquard
definition:
Jacquard

Jac*quard"
(?)
a.
Pertaining to, or invented by, Jacquard, a French mechanician, who died in 1834.

Jacquard apparatus or Jacquard arrangement, a device applied to looms for weaving figured goods, consisting of mechanism controlled by a chain of variously perforated cards, which cause the warp threads to be lifted in the proper succession for producing the required figure. -- Jacquard card, one of the perforated cards of a Jacquard apparatus. -- Jacquard loom, a loom with Jacquard apparatus.


word: Jacqueminot
definition:
Jacqueminot

Jacque"mi*not
(?)
n.
A half-hardy, deep crimson  rose of the remontant class; -- so named after General Jacqueminot, of France.


word: Jacquerie
definition:
Jacquerie

Jacque`rie"
(?)
n.
[F.]
The name given to a revolt of French peasants against the nobles in 1358, the leader assuming the contemptuous title, Jacques Bonhomme, given by the nobles to the peasantry. Hence, any revolt of peasants.


word: Jactancy
definition:
Jactancy

Jac"tan*cy
(jăk"tan*s&ybreve_;)
n.
[L. jactantia, fr. jactans, p. pr. of jactare to throw, boast, freq. fr. jacere to throw; cf. F. jactance.]
A boasting; a bragging.
[Obs.]


word: Jactation
definition:
Jactation

Jac*ta"tion
(jăk*tā"shŭn)
n.
[L. jactatio, fr. jactare: af. F. jactation. See Jactancy.]
A throwing or tossing of the body; a shaking or agitation.
Sir. W. Temple.


word: Jactitation
definition:
Jactitation

Jac"ti*ta"tion
(?)
n.
[L. jactitare to utter in public, from jactare. See Jactancy.]

1.
(Law)
Vain boasting or assertions repeated to the prejudice of another's right; false claim.
Mozley & W.

2.
(Med.)
A frequent tossing or moving of the body; restlessness, as in delirium.
Dunglison.

Jactitation of marriage (Eng. Eccl. Law), a giving out or boasting by a party that he or she is married to another, whereby a common reputation of their matrimony may ensue. Blackstone.


word: Jaculate
definition:
Jaculate

Jac"u*late
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jaculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jaculating.]
[L. jaculatus, p. p. of jaculari. See Ejaculate.]
To throw or cast, as a dart; to throw out; to emit.


word: Jaculation
definition:
Jaculation

Jac`u*la"tion
(?)
n.
[L. jaculatio.]
The act of tossing, throwing, or hurling, as spears.

Hurled to and fro with jaculation dire.
Milton.


word: Jaculator
definition:
Jaculator

Jac"u*la`tor
(?)
[L.]
1.
One who throws or casts.
[R.]

2.
(Zool.)
The archer fish (Toxotes jaculator).


word: Jaculatory
definition:
Jaculatory

Jac"u*la*to*ry
(?)
a.
[L. jaculatorius: cf. F. jaculatoire.]
Darting or throwing out suddenly; also, suddenly thrown out; uttered in short sentences; ejaculatory; as, jaculatory prayers.
Smart.


word: Jade
definition:
Jade

Jade
(jād)
n.
[F., fr. Sp. jade, fr. piedra de ijada stone of the side, fr. ijada flank, side, pain in the side, the stone being so named because it was supposed to cure this pain. Sp. ijada is derived fr. L. ilia flanks.  Cf. Iliac.]
1.
(Min.)
A stone, commonly of a pale to dark green color but sometimes whitish. It is very hard and compact, capable of fine polish, and is used for ornamental purposes and for implements, esp. in Eastern countries and among many early peoples.

&hand_; The general term jade includes nephrite, a compact variety of tremolite with a specific gravity of 3, and also the mineral jadeite, a silicate of alumina and soda, with a specific gravity of 3.3. The latter is the more highly prized and includes the feitsui of the Chinese. The name has also been given to other tough green minerals capable of similar use.

2.
A color resembling that of jade{1}; it varies from yellowish-green to bluish-green.


word: Jade₂
definition:
Jade

Jade
n.
[OE. jade; cf. Prov. E. yaud, Scot. yade, yad, yaud, Icel. jalda a mare.]

1.
A mean or tired horse; a worthless nag.
Chaucer.

Tired as a jade in overloaden cart.
Sir P. Sidney.

2.
A disreputable or vicious woman; a wench; a quean; also, sometimes, a worthless man.
Shak.

She shines the first of battered jades.
Swift.

3.
A young woman; -- generally so called in irony or slight contempt.

A souple jade she was, and strang.
Burns.


word: Jade₃
definition:
Jade

Jade
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Jading.]

1.
To treat like a jade; to spurn.
[Obs.]
Shak.

2.
To make ridiculous and contemptible.
[Obs.]

I do now fool myself, to let imagination jade me.
Shak.

3.
To exhaust by overdriving or long-continued labor of any kind; to tire, make dull, or wear out by severe or tedious tasks; to harass.

The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, . . . checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after.
Locke.


word: Jade₄
definition:
Jade

Jade
v. i.
To become weary; to lose spirit.

They . . . fail, and jade, and tire in the prosecution.
South.


word: jaded
definition:
jaded

jaded
adj.
1.
dulled by surfeit; as, the amoral, jaded, bored upper classes.

2.
fatigued due to excess effort.

Syn. -- wearied.

my father's words had left me jaded and depressed
William Styron


word: Jadish
definition:
Jadish

Jad"ish
a.
1.
Vicious; ill-tempered; resembling a jade; -- applied to a horse.

2.
Unchaste; -- applied to a woman.
L'Estrange.


word: Jag
definition:
Jag

Jag
(jăg)
n.
[Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. gag aperture, cleft, chink; akin to Ir. & Gael. gag.]
[Written also jagg.]

1.
A notch; a cleft; a barb; a ragged or sharp protuberance; a denticulation.

Arethuss arose . . . 
From rock and from jag.
Shelley.

Garments thus beset with long jags.
Holland.

2.
A part broken off; a fragment.
Bp. Hacket.

3.
(Bot.)
A cleft or division.

4.
A leather bag or wallet;
pl.
saddlebags.
[Scot.]

5.
Enough liquor to make a man noticeably drunk; a small “load;” a time or case of drunkeness; -- esp. in phr. To have a jag on, to be drunk.
[Slang, U. S. & Dial. Eng.]

Jag bolt, a bolt with a nicked or barbed shank which resists retraction, as when leaded into stone.


word: Jag₂
definition:
Jag

Jag
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jagging (?).]
To cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw; to notch.
[Written also jagg.]

Jagging iron, a wheel with a zigzag or jagged edge for cutting cakes or pastry into ornamental figures.


word: Jag₃
definition:
Jag

Jag
n.
[Scot. jag, jaug, a leather bag or wallet, a pocket.  Cf. Jag a notch.]
A small load, as of hay or grain in the straw, or of ore.
[Prov. Eng. &  Colloq. U.S.]
[Written also jagg.]
Forby.


word: Juggernaut
definition:
Juggernaut

Jaganatha

Jagannatha

Jagannath

{ Jag"an*nath (?), Jag`an*na"tha, &VerbarJag`a*nat"ha, (?), prop. n. Also Jug"ger*naut}
[Hind. Jagan-nāth lord of the world, Skr. jagannātha.]
(Hinduism)
A particular form of Vishnu, or of Krishna, whose chief idol and worship are at Puri, in Orissa. The idol is considered to contain the bones of Krishna and to possess a soul. The principal festivals are the Snanayatra, when the idol is bathed, and the Rathayatra, when the image is drawn upon a car adorned with obscene paintings. Formerly it was erroneously supposed that devotees allowed themselves to be crushed beneath the wheels of this car. It is now known that any death within the temple of Jagannath is considered to render the place unclean, and any spilling of blood in the presence of the idol is a pollution.


word: Jager
definition:
Jager

Ja"ger
(?)
n.
[G. jäger a hunter, a sportsman.  Cf. Yager.]
[Written also jaeger.]
1.
(Mil.)
A sharpshooter. See Yager.

2.
(Zool.)
Any species of gull of the genus Stercorarius. Three species occur on the Atlantic coast. The jagers pursue other species of gulls and force them to disgorge their prey. The two middle tail feathers are usually decidedly longer than the rest. Called also boatswain, and marline-spike bird. The name is also applied to the skua, or Arctic gull (Megalestris skua).


word: jaggary
definition:
jaggary

jaggary
n.
unrefined brown sugar made from palm sap.  See jaggery.

Syn. -- jaggery, jagghery.


word: jagged
definition:
jagged

jag"ged
(jăg"gĕd)
a.
Having jags; having rough, sharp notches, protuberances, or teeth; cleft; laciniate; divided; as, jagged rocks.
Jagged
Trench.
Jag"ged*ly, adv. -- Jag"ged*ness, n.


word: Jagger
definition:
Jagger

Jag"ger
(jăg"gẽr)
n.
One who carries about a small load; a peddler. See 2d Jag.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.


word: Jagger₂
definition:
Jagger

Jag"ger
n.
[From 4th Jag.]
One who, or that which, jags;
specifically:
(a)
a jagging iron used for crimping pies, cakes, etc.
(b)
A toothed chisel. See Jag, v. t.

Jagger spring, a spring beneath a seat, and resting on cleats or blocks in the body of a vehicle. Knight.


word: Jaggery
definition:
Jaggery

Jag"ger*y
(jăg"gẽr*&ybreve_;)
n.
[Hind jāgrī.  Cf. Sugar.]
Raw palm sugar, made in the East Indies by evaporating the fresh juice of several kinds of palm trees, but specifically those of the palmyra (Borassus flabelliformis) and jaggery palm (Caryota urens).
[Written also jagghery and jaggary.]


word: Jaggery palm
definition:
Jaggery palm

Jag"ger*y palm
(?)
An East Indian palm (Caryota urens) having leaves pinnate with wedge-shaped divisions, the petiole very stout. It is the principal source of jaggery, and is often cultivated for ornament.


word: Jaghir
definition:
Jaghir

Ja"ghir
(?)
n.
[Per. jāgīr.]
A village or district the government and revenues of which are assigned to some person, usually in consideration of some service to be rendered, esp. the maintenance of troops.
[Written also jaghire, jagir, etc.]
[India]
Whitworth.


word: Jagua palm
definition:
Jagua palm

Ja"gua palm`
(?)
[Sp. jagua the fruit of the jagua palm.]
(Bot.)
A great Brazilian palm (Maximiliana regia), having immense spathes which are used for baskets and tubs.


word: Jaguar
definition:
Jaguar

Ja*guar"
(?)
n.
[Braz. yagoára: cf. & Pg. jaguar.]
(Zool.)
A large and powerful feline animal (Panthera onca, formerly Felis onca), ranging from Texas and Mexico to Patagonia. It is usually brownish yellow, with large, dark, somewhat angular rings, each generally inclosing one or two dark spots. It is chiefly arboreal in its habits. It is also called the panther and the American tiger.


word: Jaguarondi
definition:
Jaguarondi

Ja`gua*ron"di
(?)
n.
[Native name.]
(Zool.)
A South American wild cat (Felis jaguarondi), having a long, slim body and very short legs. Its color is grayish brown, varied with a blackish hue. It is arboreal in its habits and feeds mostly on birds.


word: Jahvey
definition:
Jahvey

Jahweh

Jahweh, Jahvey
n.
a name for the Old Testament God as transliterated from the Hebrew YHVH.  See Jehovah.

Syn. -- Yahweh, Yahwe, Yahveh, Yahve, Wahvey, Jahweh, Jehovah.


word: Jail
definition:
Jail

Jail
(jāl)
n.
[OE. jaile, gail, gayhol, OF. gaole, gaiole, jaiole, F. geôle, LL. gabiola, dim. of gabia cage, for L. cavea cavity, cage. See Cage.]
A kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons held in lawful  custody, especially for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding.
[Written also gaol.]

This jail I count the house of liberty.
Milton.

Jail delivery, the release of prisoners from jail, either legally or by violence. -- Jail delivery commission. See under Gaol. -- Jail fever (Med.), typhus fever, or a disease resembling it, generated in jails and other places crowded with people; -- called also hospital fever, and ship fever. -- Jail liberties, or Jail limits, a space or district around a jail within which an imprisoned debtor was, on certain conditions, allowed to go at large. Abbott. -- Jail lock, a peculiar form of padlock; -- called also Scandinavian lock.


word: Jail₂
definition:
Jail

Jail
v. t.
To imprison.
[R.]
T. Adams (1614).

[Bolts] that jail you from free life.
Tennyson.


word: jail bird
definition:
jail bird

jailbird

jail"bird`, jail" bird`
A prisoner; one is in prison or who has been confined in prison.
[Slang]


word: jailbreak
definition:
jailbreak

jailbreak
n.
an escape from jail; as, five prisoners escaped in a coordinated jailbreak.

Syn. -- break, breakout, gaolbreak, prisonbreak, prison-breaking.


word: Jailer
definition:
Jailer

Jail"er
(?)
n.
[OE. jailer, gailer, OF. geolier, F. geôlier. See Jail.]
The keeper of a jail or prison.
[Written also jailor, gaoler.]


word: jailing
definition:
jailing

jailing
n.
The act or process of putting someone in prison or in jail as a lawful punishment.

Syn. -- imprisonment.


word: Jaina
definition:
Jaina

Jain

{ Jain (?), Jai"na, }
prop. n.
[Skr. Jaina, fr. Jina, a proper name, fr. jina victorious.]
One of a numerous sect in British India, holding the tenets of Jainism.


word: Jainism
definition:
Jainism

Jain"ism
(?)
n.
The heterodox Hindu religion, founded in the 6th century as a revolt against Hinduism; its most striking features are the exaltation of saints or holy mortals, called jins, above the ordinary Hindu gods, and the denial of a supreme being and of the divine origin and infallibility of the Vedas.  Also, the sect comprising those adhering to Jainism.  Jainism believes in immortality and the transmigration of the soul. It is intermediate between Brahmanism and Buddhism, having some things in common with each.


word: Jakie
definition:
Jakie

Ja"kie
(?)
n.
(Zool.)
A South American striped frog (Pseudis paradoxa), remarkable for having a tadpole larger than the adult, and hence called also paradoxical frog.


word: Jako
definition:
Jako

Jak"o
(jăk"o̝)
n.
(Zool.)
An African parrot (Psittacus erithacus), very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also gray parrot.


word: Jalap
definition:
Jalap

Jal"ap
(?)
n.
[F., fr. Sp. jalapa; -- so called from Jalapa, a town in Mexico, whence it was first obtained.]
(Med.)
The tubers of the Mexican plant Ipomœa purga (or Exogonium purga) of the family Convolvulaceae, a climber much like the morning-glory. The abstract, extract, and powder, prepared from the tubers, are well known purgative (cathartic) medicines, and are also called jalap. Other species of Ipomœa yield several inferior kinds of jalap, as the Ipomœa Orizabensis, and Ipomœa tuberosa.

False jalap, the root of Mirabilis Jalapa, four-o'clock, or marvel of Peru.


word: Jalapin
definition:
Jalapin

Jal"a*pin
(?)
n.
(Chem.)
A glucoside found in the stems of the jalap plant and scammony. It is a strong purgative.


word: Jalons
definition:
Jalons

Ja`lons"
n. pl.
[F. Of unknown origin.]
(Mil.)
Long poles, topped with wisps of straw, used as landmarks and signals.
Farrow.


word: Jalousie
definition:
Jalousie

Ja`lou`sie"
n.
[F. See Jealousy.]
1.
A Venetian or slatted inside window blind.

2.
A window or door made of multiple glass or plastic slats, which can be opened or closed like a jalousie{1}.


word: Jam₃
definition:
Jam

Jam
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jammed (jămd); p. pr. & vb. n. Jamming.]
[Either fr. jamb, as if squeezed between jambs, or more likely from the same source as champ See Champ.]

1.
To press into a close or tight position; to crowd; to squeeze; to wedge in; to cram; as, rock fans jammed the theater for the concert.

The ship . . . jammed in between two rocks.
De Foe.

2.
To crush or bruise; as, to jam a finger in the crack of a door.
[Colloq.]

3.
(Naut.)
To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper sails are laid aback.
W. C. Russell.

4.
To block or obstruct by packing too much (people or objects) into; as, shoppers jammed the aisles during the fire sale.

5.
(Radio)
To interfere with (a radio signal) by sending other signals of the same or nearby frequency; as, the Soviets jammed Radio Free Europe broadcasts for years during the cold war.

6.
To cause to become nonfunctional by putting something in that blocks the movement of a part or parts; as, he jammed the drawer by putting in too many loose papers; he jammed the lock by trying to pick it.


word: Jam₄
definition:
Jam

Jam
v. i.
2.
To become stuck so as not to function; as, the copier jammed again.

2.
(Music)
To play an instrument in a jam session.

3.
To crowd together; -- usually used with together or in; as, fifty people jammed into a conference room designed for twenty.


word: Jam₅
definition:
Jam

Jam
n.
1.
A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a jam of logs in a river.

2.
An injury caused by jamming.
[Colloq.]

3.
A difficult situation; as, he got himself into a jam.
[informal]


word: Jam₆
definition:
Jam

Jam
n.
[Prob. fr. jam, v.; but cf. also Ar. jamad ice, jelly, jāmid congealed, jamd congelation, ice.]
A preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; also called jelly; as, raspberry jam; currant jam; grape jam.

Jam nut. See Check nut, under Check. -- Jam weld (Forging), a butt weld. See under Butt.


word: Jamaica
definition:
Jamaica

Ja*mai"ca
(?)
n.
One of the West Indian islands.

Jamaica ginger, a variety of ginger, called also white ginger, prepared in Jamaica from the best roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately. -- Jamaica pepper, allspice. -- Jamaica rose (Bot.), a West Indian melastomaceous shrub (Blakea trinervis), with showy pink flowers.


word: Jamaicine
definition:
Jamaicine

Ja*ma"i*cine
(?)
n.
[From Jamaica.]
(Chem.)
An alkaloid said to be contained in the bark of Geoffroya inermis, a leguminous tree growing in Jamaica and Surinam; -- called also jamacina.
Watts.


word: Jamb
definition:
Jamb

Jamb
(?)
n.
[Prov. E. jaumb, jaum, F. jambe a leg, jambe de force a principal rafter. See Gambol.]

1.
(Arch)
The vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace; hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of a chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face.
Gwilt.

2.
(Mining)
Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from following the lode or vein.


word: jambalaya
definition:
jambalaya

jam`ba*lay"a
(jŭm`bȧ*lī"ȧ)
n.
A spicy Creole dish of rice with ham, sausage, chicken, or shellfish, plus tomatoes, and seasoned with peppers, onions, herbs, and celery.


word: jambeau
definition:
jambeau

jam*beau"
(?)
n.
1.
(Ancient armor)
See jambes.

Syn. -- greave.

2.
A type of spikefish of the Atlantic Ocean, Parahollardia lineata.


word: Jambee
definition:
Jambee

Jam*bee"
(?)
n.
[See Jamb, n.: cf. OF. jamboier to walk.]
A fashionable cane.
[Obs.]
Tatler.


word: Jambeux
definition:
Jambeux

Jambes

{ Jambes (?), Jam"beux (?), }
n. pl.
[From  F. jambe a leg: cf. OF. jambiere. See Jamb, n.]
(Ancient Armor)
In the Middle Ages, armor for the legs below the knees, usually having front and back pieces; called also greaves.
[Written also giambeux.]
Chaucer.


word: Jambolana
definition:
Jambolana

Jam`bo*la"na
(?)
n.
[Cf. Pg. jambolão a kind of tropical fruit.]
(Bot.)
A myrtaceous tree of the West Indies and tropical America (Calyptranthes Jambolana), with astringent bark, used for dyeing. It bears an edible fruit.


word: Jambul
definition:
Jambul

Jambool

{ Jam"bool, Jam"bul (?) }
n.
[Hind. jambū, jambūl, prop., the rose-apple tree or its fruit, fr. Skr. jambu, jambū.]
The Java plum; also, a drug obtained from its bark and seeds, formerly used as a remedy for diabetes.


word: Jamboree
definition:
Jamboree

Jam`bo*ree"
(?)
n.
[Etym. uncertain. Cf. Jambone.]
1.
A noisy or unrestrained carousal or frolic; a spree.
[Slang]
Kipling.
A Calcutta-made pony cart had been standing in front of the manager's bungalow when Raja Singh started on his jamboree.
W. A. Fraser.

2.
a large festive gathering.

3.
an assembly of boy scouts, usually at the national or international level, including camping among the activities; -- a term adopted by the Boy Scouts organization.


word: Jamdani
definition:
Jamdani

Jam"da*ni
(?)
n.
A silk fabric, with a woven pattern of sprigs of flowers.
[Written also jamdanee.]
Balfour (Cyc. of India).


word: James
definition:
James

James
prop. n.
1.
William James, an American psychologist and philosopher (1842-1910).  He was the brother of Henry James.

Syn. -- William James.

2.
Henry James, an American novelist and critic, born 1843, died 1916.  He was the brother of William James.

Syn. -- Henry James.

3.
Saint James the Apostle, a disciple of Jesus; brother of John; author of The Epistle of James in the New Testament.

Syn. -- Saint James, St. James, Saint James the Apostle.

4.
The James River, a tributary of the Missouri River.

Syn. -- James River.


word: Jamesonia
definition:
Jamesonia

Jamesonia
prop. n.
A genus of xerophytic ferns of South America.

Syn. -- genus Jamesonia.


word: Jamesonite
definition:
Jamesonite

Ja"me*son*ite
(?)
n.
[From Prof. Jameson, of Edinburgh.]
(Min.)
A steel-gray mineral, of metallic luster, commonly fibrous massive. It is a sulphide of antimony and lead, with a little iron.


word: James's powder
definition:
James's powder

James"'s pow`der
(?)
(Med.)
Antimonial powder, first prepared by Dr. James, an English physician; -- called also fever powder.


word: Jamestown weed
definition:
Jamestown weed

James"town` weed`
(?)
(Bot.)
The poisonous thorn apple or stramonium (Datura stramonium), a rank weed early noticed at Jamestown, Virginia. See Datura.

&hand_; This name is often corrupted into jimson, jimpson, and gympsum.


word: jammed
definition:
jammed

jammed
adj.
filled to capacity or overfilled; as, the auditorium was jammed to the rafters.

Syn. -- full, jam-packed, packed.


word: Jane
definition:
Jane

Jane
(jān)
n.
[LL. Janua Genoa; L. Genua, also OE. Jean.]
1.
A coin of Genoa; any small coin.
Chaucer.

2.
A kind of twilled cotton cloth. See Jean.


word: Jangle
definition:
Jangle

Jan"gle
(?)
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Jangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jangling (?).]
[OE. janglen to quarrel, OF. jangler to rail, quarrel; of Dutch or German origin; cf. D. jangelen, janken, to whimper, chide, brawl, quarrel.]

1.
To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune.

2.
To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip.
janglest
Chaucer.

3.
To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle.

Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree.
Shak.

Prussian Trenck . . . jargons and jangles in an unmelodious manner.
Carlyle.


word: Jangle₂
definition:
Jangle

Jan"gle
v. t.
To cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce discordant sounds with.

Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune, and harsh.
Shak.


word: Jangle₃
definition:
Jangle

Jan"gle
n.
[Cf. OF. jangle.]

1.
Idle talk; prate; chatter; babble.
Chaucer.

2.
Discordant sound; wrangling.

3.
The unmelodious ringing of multiple metallic objects striking together, such as a set of small bells.

The musical jangle of sleigh bells.
Longfellow.


word: Jangler
definition:
Jangler

Jan"gler
(?)
n.
[Cf. OF. jangleor.]

1.
An idle talker; a babbler; a prater.
Chaucer.

2.
A wrangling, noisy fellow.


word: Jangling₂
definition:
Jangling

Jan"gling
n.
1.
Idle babbling; vain disputation.

From which some, having swerved, have turned aside unto vain jangling.
1 Tim. i. 6.

2.
Wrangling; altercation.
Lamb.


word: jangly
definition:
jangly

jangly
adj.
like the discordant ringing of nonmusical metallic objects striking together; sounding with a jangle{3}; as, a custodian with a jangly set of keys.

Syn. -- jangling.


word: Janitor
definition:
Janitor

Jan"i*tor
(?)
n.
[L., fr. janua a door.]
1.
A door-keeper; a porter.
[Archaic]

2.
One who is employed to care for a public building, or a building occupied for offices, suites of rooms, etc.; a caretaker; -- the duties may include removal of trash, cleaning of the rooms and public areas, and minor repairs.


word: Janitrix
definition:
Janitrix

Janitress

{ Jan"i*tress (?), Jan"i*trix (?), }
n.
[L. janitrix. See Janitor.]
A female janitor.


word: Janizary
definition:
Janizary

Jan"i*za*ry
(?)
n.
pl. Janizaries (#).
[F. janissaire, fr. Turk. yeñi-tsheri new soldiers or troops.]
A soldier of a privileged military class, which formed the nucleus of the Turkish infantry, but was suppressed in 1826.
[written also janissary.]


word: Jansenism
definition:
Jansenism

Jan"sen*ism
(?)
n.
[F. Jansénisme.]
(Eccl. Hist.)
The doctrine of Jansen regarding free will and divine grace.


word: Jansenist
definition:
Jansenist

Jan"sen*ist
n.
[F. Janséniste.]
(Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Cornelius Jansen, a Roman Catholic bishop of Ypres, in Flanders, in the 17th century, who taught certain doctrines denying free will and the possibility of resisting divine grace.


word: Jantu
definition:
Jantu

Jan"tu
(?)
n.
A machine of great antiquity, used in Bengal for raising water to irrigate land.
Knight.


word: January
definition:
January

Jan"u*a*ry
(?)
n.
[L. Januarius, fr. Janus an old Latin deity, the god of the sun  and the year, to whom the month of January was sacred; cf. janua a door, Skr. yā  to go.]
The first month of the year, containing thirty-one days.

&hand_; Before the adoption of New Style, the commencement of the year was usually reckoned from March 25.


word: Janus
definition:
Janus

Ja"nus
(?)
n.
[L. See January.]
(Rom. Antiq.)
A Latin deity represented with two faces looking in opposite directions. Numa is said to have dedicated to Janus the covered passage at Rome, near the Forum, which is usually called the Temple of Janus. This passage was open in war and closed in peace.
Dr. W. Smith.

Janus cloth, a fabric having both sides dressed, the sides being of different colors, -- used for reversible garments.


word: Janus-faced
definition:
Janus-faced

Ja"nus-faced`
(?)
a.
Double-faced; deceitful.

Janus-faced lock, one having duplicate faces so as to go upon a right or a left hand door, the key entering on either side indifferently. Knight.


word: Japan
definition:
Japan

Ja*pan"
(jȧ*păn")
n.
[From Japan, the country.]
Work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner; also, the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.


word: Japan₂
definition:
Japan

Ja*pan"
a.
Of or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of that country; as, Japan ware.

Japan allspice (Bot.), a spiny shrub from Japan (Chimonanthus fragrans), related to the Carolina allspice. -- Japan black (Chem.), a quickly drying black lacquer or varnish, consisting essentially of asphaltum dissolved in naphtha or turpentine, and used for coating ironwork; -- called also Brunswick black, Japan lacquer, or simply Japan. -- Japan camphor, ordinary camphor brought from China or Japan, as distinguished from the rare variety called borneol or Borneo camphor. -- Japan clover, or Japan pea (Bot.), a cloverlike plant (Lespedeza striata) from Eastern Asia, useful for fodder, first noticed in the Southern United States about 1860, but now become very common.  During the Civil War it was called variously Yankee clover and Rebel clover. -- Japan earth. See Catechu. -- Japan ink, a kind of writing ink, of a deep, glossy black when dry. -- Japan varnish, a varnish prepared from the milky juice of the Rhus vernix, a small Japanese tree related to the poison sumac.


word: Japan₃
definition:
Japan

Ja*pan"
(jȧ*păn")
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Japanned (jȧ*pănd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Japanning.]

1.
To cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of the Japanese; to lacquer.

2.
To give a glossy black to, as shoes.
[R.]
Gay.


word: Japan current
definition:
Japan current

Japan current
A branch of the equatorial current of the Pacific, washing the eastern coast of Formosa and thence flowing northeastward past Japan and merging into the easterly drift of the North Pacific; -- called also Kuro-Siwo, or Black Stream, in allusion to the deep blue of its water. It is similar in may ways to the Gulf Stream.


word: Japanese₂
definition:
Japanese

Jap`a*nese"
n. sing. & pl.

1.
A native or inhabitant of Japan; collectively, the people of Japan.

2.
sing.
The language of the people of Japan, called  in the Japanese language nihongo.


word: Japanned
definition:
Japanned

Ja*panned"
(?)
a.
Treated, or coated, with varnish in the Japanese manner.

Japanned leather,leather treated with coatings of Japan varnish, and dried in a stove. Knight.


word: Japanner
definition:
Japanner

Ja*pan"ner
(?)
n.
1.
One who varnishes in the manner of the Japanese, or one skilled in the art.

2.
A bootblack.
[R.]


word: Japannish
definition:
Japannish

Ja*pan"nish
(?)
a.
After the manner of the Japanese; resembling japanned articles.
Carlyle.


word: Jape
definition:
Jape

Jape
(?)
v. i.
[Prob. from the same source as gab, influenced by F. japper to yelp. See Gab to deceive.]
To jest; to play tricks; to jeer.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.


word: Jape₂
definition:
Jape

Jape
v. t.
To mock; to trick.
Chaucer.

I have not been putting a jape upon you.
Sir W. Scott.

The coy giggle of the young lady to whom he has imparted his latest merry jape.
W. Besant.


word: Japhetic
definition:
Japhetic

Ja*phet"ic
(?)
a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, Japheth, one of the sons of Noah; as, Japhetic nations, the nations of Europe and Northern Asia; Japhetic languages.


word: Japonica
definition:
Japonica

Ja*pon"i*ca
(?)
n.
[NL., Japanese, fr. Japonia Japan.]
(Bot.)
A species of Camellia (Camellia Japonica), a native of Japan, bearing beautiful red or white flowers. Many other genera have species of the same name.


word: Japonism
definition:
Japonism

Jap"o*nism
(?)
n.
[F. japonisme, fr. Japon Japan.]
A quality, idiom, or peculiarity characteristic of the Japanese or their products, esp. in art.


word: Jar₂
definition:
Jar

Jar
(jär)
n.
[F. jarre, Sp. jarra, from Ar. jarrah ewer; cf. Pers. jarrah.]
1.
A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar.
Dryden.

2.
The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar of preserves.

Bell jar, Leyden jar. See in the Vocabulary.


word: Jar₃
definition:
Jar

Jar
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Jarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jarring (?).]
[Cf. OE. charken to creak, AS. cearcian to gnash, F. jars a gander, L. garrire to chatter, prate, OHG. kerran to chatter, croak, G. quarren to grumble, and E. jargon, ajar.]

1.
To  give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears.

When such strings jar, what hope of harmony ?
Shak.

A string may jar in the best master's hand.
Roscommon.

2.
To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute.

When those renowned noble peers Greece
Through stubborn pride among themselves did jar.
Spenser.

For orders and degrees
Jar not with liberty, but well consist.
Milton.


word: Jar₄
definition:
Jar

Jar
v. t.
1.
To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith.

2.
To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off.
[Obs.]

My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they jar
Their watches on unto mine eyes.
Shak.


word: Jar₅
definition:
Jar

Jar
n.
1.
A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.

2.
Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement.

And yet his peace is but continual jar.
Spenser.

Cease, cease these jars, and rest your minds in peace.
Shak.

3.
A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.

I love thee not a jar of the clock.
Shak.

4.
pl.
In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.


word: Jararaca
definition:
Jararaca

Jar`a*ra"ca
(?)
n.
[Pg., from the native name.]
(Zool.)
A poisonous serpent of Brazil (Bothrops jararaca), about eighteen inches long, and of a dusky, brownish color, variegated with red and black spots.


word: Jardiniere
definition:
Jardiniere

Jar`di`nière"
(?)
n.
[F., fem. of jardinier gardener. See Garden.]
1.
An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.

2.
(Cookery)
A preparation of mixed vegetables stewed in a sauce with savory herbs, etc.; also, a soup made in this way.


word: Jards
definition:
Jards

Jards
(?)
n.
[F. jarde, jardon.]
(Far.)
A callous tumor on the leg of a horse, below the hock.


word: Jargle
definition:
Jargle

Jar"gle
(?)
v. i.
[Cf. OSw. jerga to repeat angrily, to brawl, Icel. jarg tedious iteration, F. jargonner to talk jargon. See Jargon gabble.]
To emit a harsh or discordant sound.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.


word: Jargon
definition:
Jargon

Jar"gon
(?)
n.
[F. jargon, OF. also gargon, perh. akin to E. garrulous, or gargle.]
1.
Confused, unintelligible language; gibberish.
jargon
Macaulay.
jargon
Prior.

2.
Hence:
an artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang.
Especially,
an idiom with frequent use of informal technical terms, such as acronyms, used by specialists.
jargon
Prior.

The jargon which serves the traffickers.
Johnson.


word: Jargon₂
definition:
Jargon

Jar"gon
(jär"g&obreve_;n)
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Jargoned (-g&obreve_;nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Jargoning.]
To utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds; to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner.

The noisy jay,
Jargoning like a foreigner at his food.
Longfellow.


word: Jargon₃
definition:
Jargon

Jar"gon
n.
[E. jargon, It. jiargone; perh. fr. Pers. zargūn gold-colored, fr. zar gold.  Cf. Zircon.]
(Min.)
A variety of zircon. See Zircon.


word: Jargonelle
definition:
Jargonelle

Jar`go*nelle"
(?)
n.
[F. jargonelle a very gritty variety of pear. See Jargon zircon.]
A variety of pear which ripens early.


word: Jarl
definition:
Jarl

Jarl
(?)
n.
[Icel., nobleman, chief. See Earl.]
A chief; an earl; in English history, one of the leaders in the Danish and Norse invasions.
Longfellow.


word: Jarosite
definition:
Jarosite

Ja*ro"site
(?)
n.
[From Barranco Jaroso, in Spain.]
(Min.)
An ocher-yellow mineral occurring in minute rhombohedral crystals. It is a hydrous sulphate of iron and potash.


word: Jarrah
definition:
Jarrah

Jar"rah
(?)
n.
The mahoganylike wood of the Australian Eucalyptus marginata. See Eucalyptus.


word: Jarring₂
definition:
Jarring

Jar"ring
n.
1.
A shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a steamship, caused by its engines.

2.
Discord; a clashing of interests.
jarrings
Dryden.


word: Jarvy
definition:
Jarvy

Jarvey

{ Jar"vey, Jar"vy  }
(?)
n.
1.
The driver of a hackney coach.
[Slang, Eng.]
Carlyle.

2.
A hackney coach.
[Slang, Eng.]

The litter at the bottom of the jarvy.
T. Hook.


word: Jasey
definition:
Jasey

Ja"sey
(?)
n.
A wig; -- so called, perhaps, from being made of, or resembling, Jersey yarn.
Thackeray.


word: Jasmine
definition:
Jasmine

Jas"mine
(?)
n.
[F. jasmin, Sp. jazmin, Ar. yāsmīn, Pers. yāsmīn; cf. It. gesmino, gelsomino.  Cf. Jessamine.]
(Bot.)
A shrubby plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odor. The Jasminum officinale, common in the south of Europe, bears white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is Jasminum Sambac, and, with Jasminum angustifolia, comes from the East Indies.  The yellow false jasmine in the Gelseminum sempervirens (see Gelsemium). Several other plants are called jasmine in the West Indies, as species of Calotropis and Faramea.
[Written also  jessamine.]

Cape jasmine, or Cape jessamine, the Gardenia florida, a shrub with fragrant white flowers, a native of China, and hardy in the Southern United States.


word: Jason
definition:
Jason

Jason
prop. n.
the husband of Medea and leader of the Argonauts who sailed in quest of the Golden Fleece.


word: Jaspe
definition:
Jaspe

Ja`spé"
(?)
a.
[F., p.p. of jasper to mottle. See Jasper.]
(Ceramics)
Having the surface decorated with cloudings and streaks, somewhat as if imitating jasper.


word: Jasper
definition:
Jasper

Jas"per
(?)
n.
[OE. jaspre, jaspe, OF. jaspre, jaspe, F. jaspe, L. iaspis, Gr. _;; cf. Per. yashp, yashf, Ar. yashb, yasb, yasf, Heb. yāshpheh.  Cf. Diaper.]
(Min.)
An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking with a smooth surface. It admits of a high polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes, etc.  When the colors are in stripes or bands, it is called striped jasper or banded jasper. The Egyptian pebble is a brownish yellow jasper.

Jasper opal, a yellow variety of opal resembling jasper. -- Jasper ware, a delicate kind of earthenware invented by Josiah Wedgwood. It is usually white, but is capable of receiving color.


word: Jasperated
definition:
Jasperated

Jas"per*a`ted
(?)
a.
mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper; as, jasperated agate.


word: Jasperize
definition:
Jasperize

Jas"per*ize
(?)
v. t.
[Usually p. p. Jasperized (_;).]
To convert into, or make to resemble, jasper.

Polished specimens of jasperized and agatized woods.
Pop. Sci. Monthly.


word: Jaspideous
definition:
Jaspideous

Jaspidean

{ Jas*pid"e*an (?), Jas*pid"e*ous (?), }
a.
[L. iaspideus. See Jasper.]
Consisting of jasper, or containing jasper; jaspery; jasperlike.


word: Jasponyx
definition:
Jasponyx

Jasp`o"nyx
(?)
n.
[L. iasponyx, Gr. _;. See Jasper, and Onyx.]
(min.)
An onyx, part or all of whose layers consist of jasper.


word: Jatrophic
definition:
Jatrophic

Ja*troph"ic
(?)
a.
Of or pertaining to physic nuts, the seeds of plants of the genus Jatropha.


word: Jaunce
definition:
Jaunce

Jaunce
(?)
v. i.
[OF. jancer.  Cf. Jounce, Jaunt.]
To ride hard; to jounce.
[Obs.]

Spurr'd, galled and tired by jauncing Bolingbroke.
Shak.


word: Jaundice
definition:
Jaundice

Jaun"dice
(?; 277)
n.
[OE. jaunis, F. jaunisse, fr. jaune yellow, orig. jalne, fr. L. galbinus yellowish, fr. galbus yellow.]
(Med.)
A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine, whiteness of the feces, constipation, uneasiness in the region of the stomach, loss of appetite, and general languor and lassitude.  It is caused usually by obstruction of the biliary passages and consequent damming up, in the liver, of the bile, which is then absorbed into the blood.

Blue jaundice. See Cyanopathy.


word: Jaundice₂
definition:
Jaundice

Jaun"dice
(?)
v. t.
To affect with jaundice; to color by prejudice or envy; to prejudice.

The envy of wealth jaundiced his soul.
Ld. Lytton.


word: Jaundiced
definition:
Jaundiced

Jaun"diced
(?)
a.
1.
Affected with jaundice.

Jaundiced eyes seem to see all objects yellow.
Bp. Hall.

2.
Prejudiced; envious; as, a jaundiced judgment.


word: Jaunt
definition:
Jaunt

Jaunt
(?)
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Jaunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jaunting.]
[Cf. Scot. jaunder to ramble, jaunt to taunt, jeer, dial. Sw. ganta to play the buffoon, romp, jest; perh. akin to E. jump.  Cf. Jaunce.]

1.
To ramble here and there; to stroll; to make an excursion.

2.
To ride on a jaunting car.

Jaunting car, a kind of low-set open vehicle, used in Ireland, in which the passengers ride sidewise, sitting back to back. [Written also jaunty car.] Thackeray.


word: Jaunt₃
definition:
Jaunt

Jaunt
n.
1.
A wearisome journey.
[R.]

Our Savior, meek, and with untroubled mind
After his aëry jaunt, though hurried sore.
Hungry and cold, betook him to his rest.
Milton.

2.
A short excursion for pleasure or refreshment; a ramble; a short journey.


word: Jauntiness
definition:
Jauntiness

Jaun"ti*ness
n.
The quality of being jaunty.

That jauntiness of air I was once master of.
Addison.


word: Jaunty
definition:
Jaunty

Jaun"ty
(?)
a.
[Compar. Jauntier (?); superl. Jauntiest.]
[Formerly spelt janty, fr. F. gentil. See Gentle, and cf. Genty.]
Airy; showy; finical; hence, characterized by an affected or fantastical manner.


word: Java
definition:
Java

Ja"va
(jä"vȧ)
n.
1.
One of the islands of the Malay Archipelago belonging to the Netherlands.

2.
Java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from Java.

3.
(Computers)
[all capitals]
an object-oriented computer programming language, derived largely from C++, used widely for design and display of web pages on the world-wide web.  It is an interpreted language, and has been suggested as a platform-independent code to allow execution of the same progam under multiple operating systems without recompiling.  The language is still (1997) under active development, and is evolving.

Java cat (Zool.), the musang. -- Java sparrow (Zool.), a species of  finch (Padda oryzivora), native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also ricebird, and paddy bird. In the male the upper parts are glaucous gray, the head and tail black, the under parts delicate rose, and the cheeks white. The bill is large and red. A white variety is also kept as a cage bird.


word: Javanese
definition:
Javanese

Jav`a*nese"
(?)
a.
Of or pertaining to Java, or to the people of Java.
n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Java.


word: Javelin
definition:
Javelin

Jave"lin
(?)
n.
[F. javeline; akin to Sp. jabalina, It. giavelina, and F. javelot, OF. gavlot.  Cf. Gavelock.]
1.
A sort of light spear, to be thrown or cast by the hand; anciently, a weapon of war used by horsemen and foot soldiers; now used chiefly in hunting the wild boar and other fierce game.

Flies the javelin swifter to its mark,
Launched by the vigor of a Roman arm?
Addison.

2.
(Sport)
A wooden shaft resembling a spear, thrown by contestants in a contest called the javelin throw; the one throwing the javelin furthest wins the contest.  The javelin throw is one of the field events of the modern Olympic Games.


word: Jaw
definition:
Jaw

Jaw
(j&asuml_;)
n.
[A modification of chaw, formed under the influence of F. joue the cheek. See Chaw, Chew.]

1.
(Anat.)
(a)
One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth.
(b)
Hence, also, the bone itself with the teeth and covering.
(c)
In the plural, the mouth.

2.
Fig.: Anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or action; esp., pl., the mouth or way of entrance; as, the jaws of a pass; the jaws of darkness; the jaws of death.
Shak.

3.
(Mach.)
(a)
A notch or opening.
(b)
A notched or forked part, adapted for holding an object in place; as, the jaw of a railway-car pedestal. See Axle guard.
(b)
One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them, as, the jaws of a vise, or the jaws of a stone-crushing machine.

4.
(Naut.)
The inner end of a boom or gaff, hollowed in a half circle so as to move freely on a mast.

5.
Impudent or abusive talk.
[Slang]
H. Kingsley.

Syn. -- lip.

Jaw bit (Railroad), a bar across the jaws of a pedestal underneath an axle box. -- Jaw breaker, a word difficult to pronounce. [Obs.] -- Jaw rope (Naut.), a rope which holds the jaws of a gaff to the mast. -- Jaw tooth, a molar or grinder; a back tooth.


word: Jaw₂
definition:
Jaw

Jaw
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Jawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jawing.]
1.
To scold; to clamor.
[Law]
Smollett.

2.
To talk idly, long-windedly, or without special purpose.


word: jawbone
definition:
jawbone

jaw"bone`
(j&asuml_;"b&omacrn`)
v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. jawboned (j&asuml_;"b&omacrnd`); p. pr. & vb. n. jawboning.]
To attempt to influence solely by talking, as contrasted with threatening or inducing by other means, e.g. legislation; esp. to make public appeals in order to influence the behavior of businessmen or labor leaders; -- used especially of the President or other high government officials; as, to jawbone businessmen into forgoing price increases.


word: Jawed
definition:
Jawed

Jawed
(j&asuml_;d)
a.
Having jaws; -- chiefly in composition; as, lantern-jawed.
Jawed
Skelton.


word: Jaw-fall
definition:
Jaw-fall

Jaw"-fall`
(?)
n.
Depression of the jaw; hence, depression of spirits.
M. Griffith (1660).


word: Jay
definition:
Jay

Jay
(?)
n.
[F. geai, OF. gai, jaj, perh. fr. OHG. gāhi.  Cf. Gay.]
(Zool.)
Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to Garrulus, Cyanocitta, and allied genera of the family Corvidae. They are allied to the crows, but are smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely colored, and usually have a crest.

&hand_; The European jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a large and handsomely colored species, having the body pale reddish brown, lighter beneath; tail and wing quills blackish; the primary coverts barred with bright blue and black; throat, tail coverts, and a large spot on the wings, white. Called also jay pie, Jenny jay, and kæ. The common blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata.), and the related species, are brilliantly colored, and have a large erectile crest.  The California jay (Aphelocoma Californica), the Florida jay (Aphelocoma Floridana), and the green jay (Xanthoura luxuosa), of Texas and Mexico, are large, handsome, crested species. The Canada jay (Perisoreus Canadensis), and several allied species, are much plainer and have no crest. See Blue jay, and Whisky jack.

Jay thrush (Zool.), any one several species of Asiatic singing birds, of the genera Garrulax, Grammatoptila, and related genera of the family Crateropodidæ; as, the white-throated jay thrush (Garrulax albogularis) (also called the white-throated laughingthrush), of India.


word: Jayhawker
definition:
Jayhawker

Jay"hawk`er
(?)
n.
A name given to a free-booting, unenlisted, armed man or guerrilla.
[A term of opprobrium used in the war of 1861-65, U. S.]


word: Jazerant
definition:
Jazerant

Jaz"er*ant
(?)
n.
[OF. jacerant, jaseran, Sp. jacerina, cota jacerina, fr. jazarino Algerine, fr. Ar. jazāīr Algiers.]
A coat of defense made of small plates of metal sewed upon linen or the like; also, this kind of armor taken generally; as, a coat of jazerant.


word: jazz
definition:
jazz

jazz
n.
1.
A type of music that originated in New Orleans around 1900 and developed through increasingly complex styles, but generally featuring intricate rhythms, improvisation, prominent solo segments, and great freedom in harmonic idiom played frequently in a polyphonic style, on various instruments including horn, saxophone, piano and percussion, but rarely stringed instruments.
[wns=1]

2.
empty or insincere or exaggerated talk; as, don't give me any of that jazz.
[wns=2]

Syn. -- wind, idle words, nothingness.

3.
A style of dance music popular in the 1920s; similar to New Orleans jazz but played by large bands.


word: jazzy
definition:
jazzy

jazzy
adj.
1.
resembling jazz{1} especially in its rhythm.
[wns=1]

2.
ostentatious or strikingly styled; -- used especially of clothes.
[wns=2]

Syn. -- flashy, gaudy, showy, snazzy, sporty.

3.
marked by animation or performed with flair[2].


word: Jealous
definition:
Jealous

Jeal"ous
(?)
a.
[OE. jalous, gelus, OF. jalous, F. jaloux, LL. zelosus zealous, fr. zelus emulation, zeal, jealousy, Gr. zh^los.  See Zeal, and cf. Zealous.]

1.
Zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful.

I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts.
Kings xix. 10.

How nicely jealous is every one of us of his own repute!
Dr. H. More.

2.
Apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful.

'This doing wrong creates such doubts as these,
Renders us jealous and disturbs our peace.
Waller.

The people are so jealous of the clergy's ambition.
Swift.

3.
Demanding exclusive devotion; intolerant of rivalry.

Thou shalt worship no other God; for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.
Ex. xxxiv. 14.

4.
Disposed to suspect rivalry in matters of interest and affection; apprehensive regarding the motives of possible rivals, or the fidelity of friends; distrustful; having morbid fear of rivalry in love or preference given to another; painfully suspicious of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.

If the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife.
Num. v. 14.

To both these sisters have I sworn my love:
Each jealous of the other, as the stung
Are of the adder.
Shak.

It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do if she find him jealous.
Bacon.


word: Jealousy
definition:
Jealousy

Jeal"ous*y
(?)
n.
pl. Jealousies (#).
[ F. jalousie. See Jealous, and cf. Jalousie.]
The quality of being jealous; earnest concern or solicitude; painful apprehension of rivalship in cases directly affecting one's happiness; painful suspicion of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.

I was jealous for jealousy.
Zech. viii. 2.

Jealousy is the . . . apprehension of superiority.
Shenstone.

Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, had excellence to deserve our fondness.
Rambler.


word: jean
definition:
jean

jean
(jān)
n.
[Prob. named from Genoa. See Jane.]
1.
A twilled cotton cloth.

2.
(pl.)
(jēnz)
Same as blue jeans.

3.
(pl.)
(jēnz)
Pants made of different fabrics, resembling blue jeans.

Satin jean, a kind of jean woven smooth and glossy, after the manner of satin.


word: Jedding ax
definition:
Jedding ax

Jed"ding ax`
(?)
n.
A stone mason's tool, having a flat face and a pointed part.
Knight.


word: Jeer
definition:
Jeer

Jeer
(?)
n.
[Cf. Gear.]
(Naut.)
(a)
A gear; a tackle.
(b)
pl.
An assemblage or combination of tackles, for hoisting or lowering the lower yards of a ship.

Jeer capstan (Naut.), an extra capstan usually placed between the foremast and mainmast.


word: Jeer₂
definition:
Jeer

Jeer
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Jeered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jeering.]
[Perh. a corrup. of cheer to salute with cheers, taken in an ironical sense; or more prob. fr. D. gekscheren to jeer, lit., to shear the fool; gek a fool (see 1st Geck) + scheren to shear. See Shear, v.]
To utter sarcastic or scoffing reflections; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language; to scoff; as, to jeer at a speaker.

But when he saw her toy and gibe and jeer.
Spenser.


word: Jeer₃
definition:
Jeer

Jeer
(?)
v. t.
To treat with scoffs or derision; to address with jeers; to taunt; to flout; to mock at.

And if we can not jeer them, we jeer ourselves.
B. Jonson.


word: Jeer₄
definition:
Jeer

Jeer
n.
A railing remark or reflection; a scoff; a taunt; a biting jest; a flout; a jibe; mockery.

Midas, exposed to all their jeers,
Had lost his art, and kept his ears.
Swift.


word: Jeffersonia
definition:
Jeffersonia

Jef`fer*so"ni*a
(?)
n.
[NL. Named after Thomas Jefferson.]
(Bot.)
An American herb with a pretty, white, solitary blossom, and deeply two-cleft leaves (Jeffersonia diphylla); twinleaf.


word: Jeffersonian
definition:
Jeffersonian

Jef`fer*so"ni*an
(?)
a.
Pertaining to, or characteristic of, Thomas Jefferson (third President of the United States) or his political doctrines, which were those of the Republicanism of his time, as opposed to those of the Federalists.
n. An adherent of Jefferson or his doctrines.
Jef`fer*so"ni*an*ism (#), n.


word: Jeffersonian simplicity
definition:
Jeffersonian simplicity

Jeffersonian simplicity
The absence of pomp or display which Jefferson aimed at in his administration as President (1801-1809), eschewing display or ceremony tending to distinguish the President from the people, as in going to the capital on horseback and with no escort, the abolition of court etiquette and the weekly levee, refusal to recognize titles of honor, etc.


word: Jeffersonite
definition:
Jeffersonite

Jef"fer*son*ite
(?)
n.
[Named after Thomas Jefferson.]
(Min.)
A variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into brown. It contains zinc.


word: Jehovah
definition:
Jehovah

Je*ho"vah
(?)
n.
[Heb. usually yĕh&omacrvāh (with the vowel points of ăd&omacrnāi Lord), sometimes (to avoid repetition) yĕh&omacrvih (with the vowel points of ĕl&omacrhīm God); but only the four Heb, consonants yhvh are conceded to be certainly known.]
A Scripture name of the Supreme Being, by which he was revealed to the Jews as their covenant God or Sovereign of the theocracy; the “ineffable name” of the Supreme Being, which was not pronounced by the Jews.


word: Jehovist
definition:
Jehovist

Je*ho"vist
(?)
n.
1.
One who maintains that the vowel points of the word Jehovah, in Hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; -- opposed to adonist.

2.
The writer of the passages of the Old Testament, especially those of the Pentateuch, in which the Supreme Being is styled Jehovah. See Elohist.

The characteristic manner of the Jehovist differs from that of his predecessor [the Elohist]. He is fuller and freer in his descriptions; more reflective in his assignment of motives and causes; more artificial in mode of narration.
S. Davidson.


word: Jehovistic
definition:
Jehovistic

Je`ho*vis"tic
(?)
a.
Relating to, or containing, Jehovah, as a name of God; -- said of certain parts of the Old Testament, especially of the Pentateuch, in which Jehovah appears as the name of the Deity. See Elohistic.


word: Jehu
definition:
Jehu

Je"hu
(?)
n.
[From Jehu, son of Nimshi. 2 Kings ix. 20.]
A coachman; a driver; especially, one who drives furiously.
[Colloq.]


word: Jejune
definition:
Jejune

Je*june"
(?)
a.
[L. jejunus fasting, hungry, dry, barren, scanty; of unknown origin.]

1.
Lacking matter; empty; void of substance.

2.
Void of interest; barren; meager; dry; as, a jejune narrative.
3.
Juvenile; childish; immature.

4.
Lacking nutritional value.


word: Jejunum
definition:
Jejunum

Je*ju"num
(?)
n.
[NL., fr. L. jejunus empty, dry.]
(Anat.)
The middle division of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum; -- so called because usually found empty after death.


word: Jelerang
definition:
Jelerang

Jel"er*ang
(?)
n.
[Native name.]
(Zool.)
A large, handsome squirrel (Sciurus Javensis), native of Java and Southern Asia; -- called also Java squirrel.


word: Jell
definition:
Jell

Jell
(?)
v. i.
1.
To jelly.
[Colloq.]

2.
To take on a more concrete or substantial form; -- of ideas, plans, programs, etc.


word: jelled
definition:
jelled

jelled
adj.
congealed from a liquid state into a jelly; jellied.

Syn. -- congealed, jellied.


word: jellify
definition:
jellify

jel"li*fy
(?)
v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Jellified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jellifying (?).]
To make, or to become, gelatinous; to make into jelly; to jelly.
Jel`li*fi*ca"tion (#), n.


word: jello
definition:
jello

Jell-O

Jell"-O, jell"o
n.
[a trademark.]
a brand of sweetened fruit-flavored powdered mixture, packaged so that it can be conveniently dissolved in hot water and solidified into a gelatin, used as a dessert, sometimes with pieces of fruit mixed in; also the gelatin dessert thus prepared; sometimes used metaphorically; as, when he pulled a gun on me, my knees turned to Jell-O..
[Trademark]
Jell-O was originally a trademark and is still protected by trademark law, but is often used as one word, uncapitalized in informal writing.


word: jelly
definition:
jelly

jel"ly
(?)
n.
pl. Jellies (#).
[ Formerly gelly, gely, F. gelée jelly, frost, fr. geler to freeze. L. gelare; akin to gelu frost. See Gelid.]

1.
Anything brought to a gelatinous condition; a viscous, translucent substance in a condition between liquid and solid; a stiffened solution of gelatin, gum, or the like.

2.
The juice of fruits or meats boiled with sugar to an elastic consistence; as, currant jelly; calf's-foot jelly.

Jelly bag, a bag through which the material for jelly is strained. -- Jelly mold, a mold for forming jelly in ornamental shapes. -- Jelly plant (Bot.), Australian name of an edible seaweed (Eucheuma speciosum), from which an excellent jelly is made. J. Smith. -- Jelly powder, an explosive, composed of nitroglycerin and collodion cotton; -- so called from its resemblance to calf's-foot jelly.


word: Jelly
definition:
Jelly

Jel"ly
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Jellied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jellying.]
To become jelly; to come to the state or consistency of jelly.


word: Jellyfish
definition:
Jellyfish

Jel"ly*fish`
(?)
n.
(Zool.)
Any one of the acalephs, esp. one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. See Medusa and acaleph.


word: Jemidar
definition:
Jemidar

Jem"i*dar`
(jĕm"ĭ*där`)
n.
[Per. & Hind. jama-dār.]
The chief or leader of a band or body of persons; esp., in the native army of India, an officer of a rank corresponding to that of lieutenant in the English army.
[Written also jemadar, jamadar.]


word: Jemmy₂
definition:
Jemmy

Jem"my
n.
1.
A short crowbar. See Jimmy.
[Chiefly Brit.]

2.
A baked sheep's head.
[Slang, Eng.]
Dickens.


word: Jeniquen
definition:
Jeniquen

Je*ni"quen
(?)
n.
[Sp. jeniquen.]
(Bot.)
A Mexican name for the Sisal hemp (Agave rigida, var. Sisalana); also, its fiber.
[Written also henīequen.]


word: Jenkins
definition:
Jenkins

Jen"kins
(?)
n.
A name of contempt for a flatterer of persons high in social or official life; as, the Jenkins employed by a newspaper.
[Colloq. Eng. & U.S.]
G. W. Curtis.


word: Jennet
definition:
Jennet

Jen"net
(jĕn"nĕt)
n.
[F. genet, Sp. jinete, orig., a mounted soldier, Ar. zenāta a tribe of Barbary celebrated for its cavalry.]
A small Spanish horse; a genet.


word: Jenneting
definition:
Jenneting

Jen"net*ing
n.
[Prob. fr. a dim. of Jean John, so named as becoming ripe about St. John's day, June 24.  F. Jean is fr. L. Johannes. See Zany.]
A variety of early apple. See Juneating.
[Written also  geniting.]


word: Jenny
definition:
Jenny

Jen"ny
(?)
n.
pl. Jennies (_;).

1.
A familiar or pet form of the proper name Jane.

2.
(Zool.)
A familiar name of the European wren.

Jenny ass (Zool.), a female ass; also, a female of certain other animals.


word: Jenny₂
definition:
Jenny

Jen"ny
n.
[A corruption of gin an engine; influenced by Jenny, the proper name. See Gin an engine, and cf. Ginny-carriage.]
A machine for spinning a number of threads at once, -- used in factories.  Also called spinning jenny.


word: Jeofail
definition:
Jeofail

Jeof"ail
(jĕf"a̝l)
n.
[F. j'ai failli I have failed.]
(Law)
An oversight in pleading, or the acknowledgment of a mistake or oversight.
Blackstone.


word: Jeopard
definition:
Jeopard

Jeop"ard
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jeoparded; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeoparding.]
[From Jeopardy.]
To put in jeopardy; to expose to loss or injury; to imperil; to jeopardize; to hazard.
Sir T. North.

A people that jeoparded their lives unto the death.
Judg. v. 18.


word: jeopardize
definition:
jeopardize

jeop"ard*ize
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jeopardized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jeopardizing (?).]
To expose to loss or injury; to risk.

Syn. -- jeopard.

That he should jeopardize his willful head
Only for spite at me.
H. Taylor.


word: Jeopardous
definition:
Jeopardous

Jeop"ard*ous
(?)
a.
Perilous; hazardous.

His goodly, valiant, and jeopardous enterprise.
Fuller.


word: Jeopardy
definition:
Jeopardy

Jeop"ard*y
(?)
n.
[OE. jupartie, juperti, jeuparti, OF. jeu parti an even game, a game in which the chances are even; OF. jeu, ju, F. jeu (L. jocus jest) + F. partier to divide, L. partire to divide. See Joke, and Part.]
Exposure to death, loss, or injury; hazard; danger.

There came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled with water, and were in jeopardy.
Luke viii. 23.

Look to thyself, thou art in jeopardy.
Shak.


word: Jequirity bean
definition:
Jequirity bean

Jequirity

{ Je*quir"i*ty (?), n., or Je*quir"i*ty bean` }
[Prob. fr. a native name.]
(Bot.)
The seed of the wild licorice (Abrus precatorius) used by the people of India for beads in rosaries and necklaces, as a standard weight, etc.; -- called also jumble bead.


word: Jerboa
definition:
Jerboa

Jer*bo"a
(?)
n.
[Ar. yarbū‘.]
(Zool.)
Any small jumping rodent of the genus Dipus, esp. Dipus Aegyptius, which is common in Egypt and the adjacent countries.  The jerboas have very long hind legs and a long tail.
[Written also  gerboa.]

&hand_; The name is also applied to other small jumping rodents, as the Pedetes Caffer, of the Cape of Good Hope.

Jerboa kangaroo (Zool.), small Australian kangaroo (Bettongia penicillata), about the size of a common hare.


word: Jereed
definition:
Jereed

Jer*eed"
(?)
n.
[Ar. jerīd.  Cf. Djereed.]
A blunt javelin used by the people of the Levant, especially in mock fights.
[Written also jerreed, jerid.]
Byron.


word: Jeremiade
definition:
Jeremiade

Jeremiad

{ Jer`e*mi"ad, Jer`e*mi"ade  }
n.
[From Jeremiah, the prophet: cf. F. jérémiade.]
A tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a doleful story; a dolorous tirade; -- generally used satirically.

He has prolonged his complaint into an endless jeremiad.
Lamb.


word: Jerk
definition:
Jerk

Jerk
(jẽrk)
v. t.
[Corrupted from Peruv. charqui dried beef.]
To cut into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; as, to jerk beef. See Charqui.


word: Jerk₂
definition:
Jerk

Jerk
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jerked (jẽrkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Jerking.]
[Akin to yerk, and perh. also to yard a measure.]

1.
To beat; to strike.
[Obs.]
Florio.

2.
To give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull, or twist, to; to yerk; as, to jerk one with the elbow; to jerk a coat off.

3.
To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand; as, to jerk a stone.


word: Jerk₃
definition:
Jerk

Jerk
v. i.
1.
To make a sudden motion; to move with a start, or by starts.
Milton.

2.
To flout with contempt.


word: Jerk₄
definition:
Jerk

Jerk
n.

1.
A short, sudden pull, thrust, push, twitch, jolt, shake, or similar motion.

His jade gave him a jerk.
B. Jonson.

2.
A sudden start or spring.

Lobsters . . . swim backwards by jerks  or springs.
Grew.

3.
A foolish, stupid, or otherwise contemptible person.
[Slang]

Syn. -- jerkoff.

4.
(Sport)
The lifting of a weight, in a single rapid motion, from shoulder height until the arms are outstretched above the head; distinguished from press in that the motion in a jerk is more rapid, and the body may be moved under the weight to assist completion of the movement; as, a clean and jerk of two hundred pounds.

2.
Calisthenic exercises, such as push-ups or deep knee bends; also called physical jerks.
[British]


word: Jerker
definition:
Jerker

Jerk"er
(?)
n.

1.
A beater.
[Obs.]
Beau. &  Fl.

2.
One who jerks or moves with a jerk.

3.
(Zool.)
A North American river chub (Hybopsis biguttatus).


word: Jerkinhead
definition:
Jerkinhead

Jer"kin*head`
(?)
n.
(Arch.)
The hipped part of a roof which is hipped only for a part of its height, leaving a truncated gable.


word: jerkoff
definition:
jerkoff

jerk"off
(?)
a.
A lazy, foolish, stupid, or otherwise contemptible person; -- an offensive and disparaging term.
[vulgar slang]

Syn. -- jerk.


word: jerkwater
definition:
jerkwater

jerkwater
adj.
[from jerk + water, a place where it is necessary to draw (jerk) water to supply the boiler of a steam engine.]
1.
small and remote and insignificant; as, a jerkwater college.

Syn. -- one-horse, pokey, poky.

2.
(Railroads)
Off the main railroad line.
[Archaic]


word: jerky
definition:
jerky

jerk"y
(?)
a.
1.
Moving by jerks and starts; characterized by abrupt transitions; as, a jerky vehicle; a jerky style.

2.
Foolish; ridiculous; stupid.
[slang]


word: jerky₂
definition:
jerky

jerk"y
(?)
n.
[Corrupted from Peruv. charqui dried beef.]
Meat, especially beef, that has been cut in strips and dried; meat that has been jerked; see first jerk, v.; as, beef jerky


word: Jeronymite
definition:
Jeronymite

Je*ron"y*mite
(?)
n.
(Eccl. Hist.)
One belonging of the mediæval religious orders called Hermits of St. Jerome.
[Written also Hieronymite.]


word: Jerquer
definition:
Jerquer

Jer"quer
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. chercher to search, E. search.]
A customhouse officer who searches ships for unentered goods.
[Eng.]
[Written also jerguer.]


word: Jerquing
definition:
Jerquing

Jer"quing
(?)
n.
The searching of a ship for unentered goods.
[Eng.]
[Written also jerguer.]


word: Jerry-builder
definition:
Jerry-builder

Jer"ry-build`er
(?)
n.
[Prob. fr. the proper name Jerry, familiar form of Jeremiah.]
A professional builder who erects cheap dwellings of poor materials and unsubstantial and slovenly construction.


word: Jerry-built
definition:
Jerry-built

Jer"ry-built`
(?)
a.
1.
Built hastily and of bad materials; as, jerry-built houses.

Syn. -- slipshod, ramshackle, flimsy.

2.
Developed in an unsystematic or inexpert manner; built haphazardly; -- used of objects, organizations, plans, etc.


word: Jersey
definition:
Jersey

Jer"sey
(?)
n.
pl. Jerseys (#).
[From Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands.]

1.
The finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool; also, fine yarn of wool.

2.
A kind of knitted jacket; hence, in general, a closefitting jacket or upper garment made of an elastic fabric (as stockinet).

3.
One of a breed of cattle in the Island of Jersey. Jerseys are noted for the richness of their milk.


word: Jerusalem
definition:
Jerusalem

Je*ru"sa*lem
(je̝*r&usuml_;"sȧ*lĕm)
n.
[Gr. 'Ieroysalh`m, fr. Heb. Yĕrūshālaim.]
The chief city of Palestine, intimately associated with the glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death of Jesus Christ.

Jerusalem artichoke [Perh. a corrupt. of It. girasole i.e., sunflower, or turnsole. See Gyre, Solar.] (Bot.) (a) An American plant, a perennial species of sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus), whose tubers are sometimes used as food. (b) One of the tubers themselves. -- Jerusalem cherry (Bot.), the popular name of either of two species of Solanum (Solanum Pseudo-capsicum and Solanum capsicastrum), cultivated as ornamental house plants. They bear bright red berries of about the size of cherries. -- Jerusalem oak (Bot.), an aromatic goosefoot (Chenopodium Botrys), common about houses and along roadsides. -- Jerusalem sage (Bot.), a perennial herb of the Mint family (Phlomis tuberosa). -- Jerusalem thorn (Bot.), a spiny, leguminous tree (Parkinsonia aculeata), widely dispersed in warm countries, and used for hedges. -- The New Jerusalem, Heaven; the Celestial City.


word: Jervine
definition:
Jervine

Jer"vine
(?)
n.
[Prob. fr. Sp. yerba herb, OSp., the poison of the veratrum.]
(Chem.)
A poisonous alkaloid resembling veratrine, and found with it in white hellebore (Veratrum album); -- called also jervina.


word: Jess
definition:
Jess

Jess
(?)
n.
pl. Jesses (#).
[OF. gies, giez, prop. pl. of  giet, get, jet, F. jet, a throwing, jess. See Jet a shooting forth.]
falconry
A short strap of leather or silk secured round the leg of a hawk, to which the leash or line, wrapped round the falconer's hand, was attached when used. See Illust. of Falcon.

Like a hawk, which feeling freed
From bells and jesses which did let her flight.
Spenser.


word: Jesse
definition:
Jesse

Jes"se
(?)
n.
[LL. Jesse, the father of David, fr. Gr. _;, fr. Herb. Yishai.]
Any representation or suggestion of the genealogy of Christ, in decorative art
(a)
A genealogical tree represented in stained glass.
(b)
A candlestick with many branches, each of which bears the name of some one of the descendants of Jesse; -- called also  tree of Jesse.

Jesse window (Arch.), a window of which the glazing and tracery represent the tree of Jesse.


word: Jest
definition:
Jest

Jest
(jĕst)
n.
[OE. jeste, geste, deed, action, story, tale, OF.  geste, LL. gesta, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L. gestus, p. p. of gerere to bear, carry, accomplish, perform; perh. orig., to make to come, bring, and perh. akin to E. come.  Cf. Gest a deed, Register, n.]

1.
A deed; an action; a gest.
[Obs.]

The jests or actions of princes.
Sir T. Elyot.

2.
A mask; a pageant; an interlude.
[Obs.]
Nares.

He promised us, in honor of our guest,
To grace our banquet with some pompous jest.
Kyd.

3.
Something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a witticism; a jocose or sportive remark or phrase. See Synonyms under Jest, v. i.

I must be sad . . . smile at no man's jests.
Shak.

The Right Honorable gentleman is indebted to his memory for his jests, and to his imagination for his facts.
Sheridan.

4.
The object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock.

Then let me be your jest; I deserve it.
Shak.

In jest, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not in earnest.
[1913 Webster]
And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak.
-- Jest book, a book containing a collection of jests, jokes, and amusing anecdotes; a Joe Miller.


word: Jest₂
definition:
Jest

Jest
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Jested; p. pr. & vb. n. Jesting.]

1.
To take part in a merrymaking; -- especially, to act in a mask or interlude.
[Obs.]
Shak.

2.
To make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make light of anything.

He jests at scars that never felt a wound.
Shak.


word: Jester
definition:
Jester

Jest"er
n.
[Cf. Gestour.]
1.
A buffoon; a merry-andrew; a court fool.

This . . . was Yorick's skull, the king's jester.
Shak.

Dressed in the motley garb that jesters wear.
Longfellow.

2.
A person addicted to jesting, or to indulgence in light and amusing talk.

He ambled up and down
With shallow jesters.
Shak.


word: Jesting
definition:
Jesting

Jest"ing
a.
Sportive; not serious; fit for jests.

Syn. -- joking.

He will find that these are no jesting matters.
Macaulay.


word: Jesu
definition:
Jesu

Je"su
(?)
n.
[L., vocative and oblique cases of Jesus.]
Jesus.
[Poetical]
Jesu, give the weary
Calm and sweet repose.
S. Baring-Gould.


word: Jesuit
definition:
Jesuit

Jes"u*it
(?)
n.
[F. Jésuite, Sp. Jesuita: cf. It. Gesuita.]
1.
(R. C. Ch.)
One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and approved in 1540, under the title of The Society of Jesus.

&hand_; The order consists of Scholastics, the Professed, the Spiritual Coadjutors, and the Temporal Coadjutors or Lay Brothers. The Jesuit novice after two years becomes a Scholastic, and takes his first vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience simply. Some years after, at the close of a second novitiate, he takes his second vows and is ranked among the Coadjutors or Professed. The Professed are bound by a fourth vow, from which only the pope can dispense, requiring them to go wherever the pope may send them for missionary duty. The Coadjutors teach in the schools, and are employed in general missionary labors. The Society is governed by a General who holds office for life. He has associated with him “Assistants” (five at the present time), representing different provinces. The Society was first established in the United States in 1807. The Jesuits have displayed in their enterprises a high degree of zeal, learning, and skill, but, by their enemies, have been generally reputed to use art and intrigue in promoting or accomplishing their purposes, whence the words Jesuit, Jesuitical, and the like, have acquired an opprobrious sense.

2.
Fig.: A crafty person; an intriguer.

Jesuits' bark, Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain species of Cinchona; -- so called because its medicinal properties were first made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries to South America. -- Jesuits' drops. See Friar's balsam, under Friar. -- Jesuits' nut, the European water chestnut. -- Jesuits' powder, powdered cinchona bark. -- Jesuits' tea, a Chilian leguminous shrub, used as a tea  and medicinally.


word: Jesuitess
definition:
Jesuitess

Jes"u*it*ess
n.
[Cf. F. Jésuitesse.]
(R. C. Hist.)
One of an order of nuns established on the principles of the Jesuits, but suppressed by Pope Urban in 1633.


word: Jesuitical
definition:
Jesuitical

Jesuitic

{ Jes`u*it"ic (?), Jes`u*it"ic*al (?), }
a.
[Cf. F. jésuitique.]

1.
Of or pertaining to the Jesuits, or to their principles and methods.

2.
Designing; cunning; deceitful; crafty; -- an opprobrious use of the word.
Dryden.


word: Jesuitism
definition:
Jesuitism

Jes"u*it*ism
(?)
n.
[Cf. F. jésuitisme.]

1.
The principles and practices of the Jesuits.

2.
Cunning; deceit; deceptive practices to effect a purpose; subtle argument; -- an opprobrious use of the  word.


word: Jesuitocracy
definition:
Jesuitocracy

Jes`u*it*oc"ra*cy
(?)
n.
[Jesuit + -cracy,  as in  aristocracy.]
Government by Jesuits; also, the whole body of Jesuits in a country.
[R.]
C. Kingsley.


word: Jesus
definition:
Jesus

Je"sus
(jē"zŭs)
prop. n.
[L. Jesus, Gr. _;, from Heb. Yēshūa'; Yāh Jehovah + h&omacrshīa' to help.]
The Savior; the name of the Son of God as announced by the angel to his parents; the personal name of Our Lord, in distinction from Christ, his official appellation.
Luke i. 31.

Thou shalt call his name Jesus; for he shall save his people from their sins.
Matt. i. 21.

&hand_;The form Jesu is often used, esp. in the vocative.

Jesu, do thou my soul receive.
Keble.

The Society of Jesus. The Roman Catholic order whose members are called Jesuits. See Jesuit.


word: Jet₂
definition:
Jet

Jet
n.
[OF. jet, jayet, F. jaïet, jais, L. gagates, fr. Gr. _;; -- so called from _; or _;, a town and river in Lycia.]
[written also jeat, jayet.]
(Min.)
A variety of lignite, of a very compact texture and velvet black color, susceptible of a good polish, and often wrought into mourning jewelry, toys, buttons, etc. Formerly called also black amber.

Jet ant (Zool.), a blackish European ant (Formica fuliginosa), which builds its nest of a paperlike material in the trunks of trees.


word: Jet₃
definition:
Jet

Jet
n.
[F. jet, OF. get, giet, L. jactus a throwing, a throw, fr. jacere to throw.  Cf. Abject, Ejaculate, Gist, Jess, Jut.]

1.
A shooting forth; a spouting; a spurt; a sudden rush or gush, as of water from a pipe, or of flame from an orifice; also, that which issues in a jet.

2.
Drift; scope; range, as of an argument.
[Obs.]

3.
The sprue of a type, which is broken from it when the type is cold.
Knight.

Jet propeller (Naut.), a device for propelling vessels by means of a forcible jet of water ejected from the vessel, as by a centrifugal pump. -- Jet pump, a device in which a small jet of steam, air, water, or other fluid, in rapid motion, lifts or otherwise moves, by its impulse, a larger quantity of the fluid with which it mingles.


word: Jet₄
definition:
Jet

Jet
v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Jetted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jetting.]
[F. jeter, L. jactare, freq. fr. jacere to throw. See 3d Jet, and cf. Jut.]

1.
To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to obtrude.
[Obs.]

 he jets under his advanced plumes!
Shak.

To jet upon a prince's right.
Shak.

2.
To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken.
[Obs.]
Wiseman.

3.
To shoot forward or out; to project; to jut out.


word: Jet d'eau
definition:
Jet d'eau

Jet` d'eau"
(?)
pl. Jets d'eau (#)
[F., a throw of water. See Jet a shooting forth.]
A stream of water spouting, esp. upward, from a fountain or pipe for ornament; also, the fountain or pipe from which it issues.


word: Jeterus
definition:
Jeterus

Jet"e*rus
(?)
n.
(Bot.)
A yellowness of the parts of plants which are normally green; yellows.


word: Jetson
definition:
Jetson

Jetsam

{ &VerbarJet"sam (?), &VerbarJet"son (?), }
n.
[F. jeter to throw: cf. OF. getaison a throwing.  Cf. Flotsam, Jettison.]
1.
(Mar. Law)
Goods which sink when cast into the sea, and remain under water; -- distinguished from flotsam, goods which float, and ligan (or lagan), goods which are sunk attached to a buoy.

2.
The act of throwing objects from  a ship to lighten the load; jettison{1}. See Jettison, 1.

3.
Hence:
Anything thrown overboard from a ship, whether floating or not.

4.
Hence:
[fig.]
Objects scattered about in a disorderly manner; as, he couldn't find his sneakers among the jetsam in his room.
[Colloq.]


word: jet set
definition:
jet set

jet" set`
n.
[from jet plane, the conveyance used in their travels.]
an international group of wealthy individuals who travel frequently to international resorts. -- the group is not organized, but membership is defined solely by frequent travel for pleasure.


word: jet-setting
definition:
jet-setting

jet-setting
n.
frequent international travel for pleasure, as contrasted with business.


word: Jetter
definition:
Jetter

Jet"ter
(jĕt"tẽr)
n.
One who struts; one who bears himself jauntily; a fop.
[Obs.]
Palsgrave.


word: jetting
definition:
jetting

jetting
adj.
being propelled violently in a usually narrow stream; -- of liquids.

Syn. -- spouting, spurting, squirting.


word: Jettison
definition:
Jettison

Jet"ti*son
(?)
n.
[See Jetsam.]

1.
(Mar. Law)
The throwing overboard of goods from necessity, in order to lighten a vessel in danger of wreck.

2.
See Jetsam, 1.


word: Jetty
definition:
Jetty

Jet"ty
(?)
a.
Made of jet, or like jet in color.

The people . . . are of a jetty.
Sir T. Browne.


word: Jetty₂
definition:
Jetty

Jet"ty
n.
pl. Jetties (#).
[F. jetée a pier, a jetty, a causeway. See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Jutty.]

1.
(Arch.)
A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and overhangs the wall below.

2.
A wharf or pier extending from the shore.

3.
(Hydraul. Engin.)
A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor; a mole; as, the Eads system of jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi River.

Jetty head (Naut.), a projecting part at the end of a wharf; the front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a dock.


word: Jeunesse doree
definition:
Jeunesse doree

Jeu`nesse" do`rée"
(?)
[F.]
Lit., gilded youth; young people of wealth and fashion, esp. if given to prodigal living; -- in the French Revolution, applied to young men of the upper classes who aided in suppressing the Jacobins after the Reign of Terror.


word: Jew
definition:
Jew

Jew
(jū or j&usuml_;; 277)
n.
[OF. Juis, pl., F. Juif, L. Judaeus, Gr. 'Ioydai^os, fr. 'Ioydai`a the country of the Jews, Judea, fr. Heb. Yĕhūdāh Judah, son of Jacob.  Cf. Judaic.]
1.
Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah; after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite.

2.
An adherent of Judaism.

Jew's frankincense, gum styrax, or benzoin. -- Jew's mallow (Bot.), an annual herb (Corchorus olitorius) cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India for its fiber. -- Jew's pitch, asphaltum; bitumen. -- The Wandering Jew, an imaginary personage, who, for his cruelty to Christ during his passion, is doomed to wander on the earth till Christ's second coming. -- Wandering Jew, any of several house plants of the genera Zebrina and Tradescantia having white-striped leaves, especially the creeping plants Zebrina pendula and Tradescantia fluminensis.


word: Jew₂
definition:
Jew

Jew
(jū or jō)
a.
Of or pertaining to Jews; Jewish; -- usually considered offensive.
[offensive]


word: Jew₃
definition:
Jew

Jew, Jew down
(jū or jō)
v. t.
To bargain down (a person) in price; as, I jewed him down to ten dollars.
[offensive]


word: Jew-baiter
definition:
Jew-baiter

Jew-baiter
n.
someone who hates and would persecute Jews; an anti-Semite.

Syn. -- anti-Semite.


word: Jewbush
definition:
Jewbush

Jew"bush`
(?)
n.
(Bot.)
A euphorbiaceous shrub of the genus Pedilanthus (Pedilanthus tithymaloides), found in the West Indies, and possessing powerful emetic and drastic qualities.


word: Jewel
definition:
Jewel

Jew"el
(jū"ĕl or j&usuml_;"ĕl)
n.
[OE. juel, jowel, OF. jouel, juel, joiel, F. joyau, dim. of OF. joie joy, jewel, F. joie joy. See Joy.]

1.
An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and having enamel or precious stones as a part of its design.

Plate of rare device, and jewels
Of rich and exquisite form.
Shak.

2.
A precious stone; a gem.
Shak.

3.
An object regarded with special affection; a precious thing.
jewel
Shak.

4.
A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or precious stone, as a ruby.

Jewel block (Naut.), block at the extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.


word: Jewel₂
definition:
Jewel

Jew"el
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jeweled (?), or Jewelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeweling, or Jewelling.]
To dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels, as a dress, a sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels; to bejewel.

The long gray tufts . . . are jeweled thick with dew.
M. Arnold.


word: jewelled
definition:
jewelled

jeweled

jeweled jewelled
adj.
covered with beads or jewels or sequins.

Syn. -- beaded, beady, bejewelled, bejeweled,  bespangled, gemmed, sequined, spangled, spangly.


word: Jeweler
definition:
Jeweler

Jew"el*er
(jū"ĕl*lẽr or j&usuml_;"ĕl*lẽr)
n.
[Cf. F. joaillier.]
One who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and similar ornaments.
[Written also jeweller.]

Jeweler's gold. See under Gold.


word: Jewellery
definition:
Jewellery

Jew"el*ler*y
(jū"ĕl*lẽr*r&ybreve_; or j&usuml_;"ĕl*lẽr*r&ybreve_;)
n.
See Jewelry.
[Chiefly Brit.]
Burke.


word: Jewelry
definition:
Jewelry

Jew"el*ry
(jū"ĕl*r&ybreve_; or j&usuml_;"ĕl*r&ybreve_;)
n.
[Cf. F. joaillerie.]

1.
The art or trade of a jeweler.
Cotgrave.

2.
Jewels, collectively; as, a bride's jewelry.


word: jewels-of-opar
definition:
jewels-of-opar

jewels-of-opar
n.
An erect plant (Talinum paniculatum) with tuberous roots and terminal panicles of red to yellow flowers, grwing from Southwestern North America to Central America; it has been widely introduced elsewhere.

Syn. -- Talinum paniculatum.


word: Jewfish
definition:
Jewfish

Jew"fish`
(?)
n.
(Zool.)
1.
A very large serranoid fish (Promicrops itaiara) of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. It often reaches the weight of five hundred pounds. Its color is olivaceous or yellowish, with numerous brown spots. Called also guasa, and warsaw.

2.
A similar gigantic fish (Stereolepis gigas) of Southern California, valued as a food fish.

3.
The black grouper of Florida and Texas.

4.
A large herringlike fish; the tarpum.


word: Jewish
definition:
Jewish

Jew"ish
(?)
a.
1.
Of or pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews; characteristic of or resembling the Jews or their customs; Israelitish.
Jew"ish*ly, adv. -- Jew"ish*ness, n.

2.
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Judaism.


word: Jewish calendar
definition:
Jewish calendar

Jew"ish cal"en*dar
A lunisolar calendar in use among Hebraic peoples, reckoning from the year 3761 b. c., the date traditionally given for the Creation.
It received its present fixed form from Hillel II. about 360 a. d. The present names of the months, which are Babylonian-Assyrian in origin, replaced older ones, Abib, Bul, etc., at the time of the Babylonian Exile. Nineteen years constitute a lunar cycle, of which the 3d, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th, and 19th years are leap years. The year 5663 [1902-3 a. d.] was the first year of the 299th lunar cycle. The common year is said to be defective, regular, or perfect (or abundant) according as it has 353, 354, or 355 days. The leap year has an intercalary month, and a total of 383 (defective), 384 (regular), or 385 (perfect, or abundant) days. The calendar is complicated by various rules providing for the harmonious arrangement of festivals, etc., so that no simple perpetual calendar can be constructed. The following table gives the months in order, with the number of days assigned to each. Only three months vary in length. They are: Heshvan, which has 30 days in perfect years; Kislev, which has 30 days in regular and perfect years; and Adar, which has 30 days in leap years. The ecclesiastical year commences with Nisan and the civil year with Tishri. The date of the first of Tishri, or the Jewish New Year, is also given for the Jewish years 5661-5696 (1900-1935 a. d.). From these tables it is possible to transform any Jewish date into Christian, or vice versa, for the years 1900-1935 a. d.
Months of the Jewish Year.

 1 Tishri . . . . . . 30
 2 Heshvan . . . . .  29 (r. & d.)
                                or 30 (p.)
 3 Kislev . . . . . . 29 (d.) or
                                   30 (r. & p.)
 4 Tebet . . . . . .  29
 5 Shebat . . . . . . 30
 6 Adar . . . . . . . 29 or
                                   30 (l.)
 -- Veadar . . . . .  29
    (occuring only in leap years)
 7 Nisan . . . . . . .30
 8 Ivar . . . . . . ..29
 9 Sivan . . . . . . .30
10 Tammux . . . . . . 29
11 Ab . . . . . . . . 30
12 Elul . . . . . . ..29

Jewish Year       a. d.
-----------------------------------------------------------

5661 p.      begins    Sept.  24, 1900
5662 d.l.    “      “   14, 1901
5663 p.      “      Oct.    2, 1902
5664 r.      “      Sept.  22, 1903
5665 p.l.    “      “   10, 1904
5666 p.      “      “   30, 1905
5667 r.      “      “   20, 1906
5668 d.l.    “      “    6, 1907
5669 p.      “      “   26, 1908
5670 d.l.    “      “   16, 1909
5671 r.      “      Oct.    4, 1910
5672 p.      “      Sept.  23, 1911
5673 p.l.    “      “   12, 1912
5674 r.      “      Oct.    2, 1913
5675 d.      “      Sept.  21, 1914
5676 p.l.    “      “    9, 1915
5677 r.      “      “   28, 1916
5678 p.      “      “   17, 1917
5679 d.l.   begins     Sept.   7, 1918
5680 r.      “      “   25, 1919
5681 p.l.    “      “   13, 1920
5682 p.      “      Oct.    3, 1921
5683 d.      “      Sept.  23, 1922
5684 r.l.    “      “   11, 1923
5685 p.      “      “   29, 1924
5686 p.      “      “   19, 1925
5687 d.l.    “      “    9, 1926
5688 r.      “      “   27, 1927
5689 p.l.    “      “   15, 1928
5690 d.      “      Oct.    5, 1929
5691 r.      “      Sept.  23, 1930
5692 p.l.    “      “   12, 1931
5693 p.      “      Oct.    1, 1932
5694 r.      “      Sept.  23, 1933
5695 d.l.    “      “   10, 1934
5696 p.      “      “   28, 1935

d. = defective year; d.l. = defective leap year; 
p. = perfect year; p.l. = perfect leap year; r. = regular year; r.l. = regular leap year.


word: Jewry
definition:
Jewry

Jew"ry
(?)
n.
[OE. Jewerie, OF. Juierie, F. Juiverie.]
1.
Judea; also, a district inhabited by Jews; a Jews' quarter.
Chaucer.

Teaching throughout all Jewry.
Luke xxiii. 5.

2.
Jewish people, collectively.


word: Jew's-ears
definition:
Jew's-ears

Jew's-ear

Jew's"-ear`, Jew's"-ears`
(?)
n.
(Bot.)
A widely distributed species of edible fungus (Auricularia auricula-judae, formerly Hirneola Auricula-Judæ, or Hirneola Auricula), bearing some resemblance to the human ear and growing on decaying wood.

Syn. -- ear fungus,  .


word: Jew's-harp
definition:
Jew's-harp

Jew's-harp`
(?)
n.
[Jew + harp; or possibly a corrupt. of jaw's harp; cf. G. maultrommel, lit., mouthdrum.]
1.
An instrument of music, which, when placed between the teeth, gives, by means of a bent metal tongue struck by the finger, a sound which is modulated by the breath; -- called also Jew's-trump.

2.
(Naut.)
The shackle for joining a chain cable to an anchor.


word: Jewstone
definition:
Jewstone

Jew's-stone

{ Jew's-stone` (?), Jew"stone` (?) }
n.
(Paleon.)
A large clavate spine of a fossil sea urchin.


word: Jezebel
definition:
Jezebel

Jez"e*bel
(?)
n.
[From Jezebel, Heb. Izebel, the wife of Ahab king of Israel.]
A bold, vicious woman; a termagant.
Spectator.


word: Jharal
definition:
Jharal

Jha"ral
(?)
n.
[Native name.]
(Zool.)
A wild goat (Capra Jemlaica) which inhabits the loftiest mountains of India. It has long, coarse hair, forming a thick mane on its head and neck.


word: Jib
definition:
Jib

Jib
(jĭb)
n.
[Named from its shifting from side to side. See Jib, v. i.., Jibe.]

1.
(Naut.)
A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from the foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large vessels often carry several jibs; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying jib; etc.

2.
(Mach.)
The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended.

3.
One that jibs, or balks; a jibber.

4.
A stationary condition; a standstill.

Jib boom (Naut.), a spar or boom which serves as an extension of the bowsprit. It is sometimes extended by another spar called the flying jib boom. [Written also gib boom.] -- Jib crane (Mach.), a crane having a horizontal jib on which a trolley moves, bearing the load. -- Jib door (Arch.), a door made flush with the wall, without dressings or moldings; a disguised door. -- Jib header (Naut.), a gaff-topsail, shaped like a jib; a jib-headed topsail. -- Jib topsail (Naut.), a small jib set above and outside of all the other jibs. -- The cut of one's jib, one's outward appearance. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.


word: Jib₂
definition:
Jib

Jib
(?)
v. i.
[Connected with jibe; cf. OF. giber to shake.]
To move restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse; to balk.
[Written also jibb.]
[Eng.]


word: Jibb
definition:
Jibb

Jib

Jib, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Jibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jibbing.] Also Jibb
[Cf. Jib a sail, Gybe.]
(Chiefly Naut.)
To shift, or swing round, as a sail, boom, yard, etc., as in tacking.


word: Jibe
definition:
Jibe

Jibe
(jīb)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jibed (jībd); p. pr. & vb. n. Jibing (jīb"ĭng).]
[Cf. Dan. gibbe, D. gijpen, v. i., and dial. Sw. gippa to jerk.  Cf. Jib, n. & v. i.]
(Naut.)
To shift, as the boom of a fore-and-aft sail, from one side of a vessel to the other when the wind is aft or on the quarter. See Gybe.


word: Jibe₂
definition:
Jibe

Jibe
v. i.
1.
(Naut.)
To change a ship's course so as to cause a shifting of the boom. See Jibe, v. t., and Gybe.

2.
To agree; to harmonize.
[Colloq.]
Bartlett.


word: Jiffy
definition:
Jiffy

Jif"fy
(?)
n.
[Perh. corrupt. fr. gliff.]
[Written also giffy.]
A moment; an instant; as, I will be ready in a jiffy.
[Colloq.]
J. & H. Smith.


word: Jig
definition:
Jig

Jig
(?)
n.
[OF. gigue a stringed instrument, a kind of dance, F. gigue dance, tune, gig; of German origin; cf. MHG. gīge fiddle, G. geige.  Cf. Gig a fiddle, Gig a whirligig.]

1.
(Mus.)
A light, brisk musical movement.

Hot and hasty, like a Scotch jig.
Shak.

3.
A light, humorous piece of writing, esp. in rhyme; a farce in verse; a ballad.
[Obs.]

A jig shall be clapped at, and every rhyme
Praised and applauded.
Beau. & Fl.

4.
A piece of sport; a trick; a prank.
[Obs.]

Is't not a fine jig,
A precious cunning, in the late Protector?
Beau. & Fl.

5.
A trolling bait, consisting of a bright spoon and a hook attached.

6.
(Mach.)
(a)
A small machine or handy tool
(Metal Working)
A contrivance fastened to or inclosing a piece of work, and having hard steel surfaces to guide a tool, as a drill, or to form a shield or template to work to, as in filing.
(b)
(Mining)
An apparatus or a machine for jigging ore.

Drill jig, a jig for guiding a drill. See Jig, 6 (a). -- Jig drilling, Jig filing (Metal Working), a process of drilling or filing in which the action of the tool is directed or limited by a jig. -- Jig saw, a sawing machine with a narrow, vertically reciprocating saw, used to cut curved and irregular lines, or ornamental patterns in openwork, a scroll saw; -- called also gig saw.


word: Jig₂
definition:
Jig

Jig
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jigging (?).]

1.
To sing to the tune of a jig.

Jig off a tune at the tongue's end.
Shak.

2.
To trick or cheat; to cajole; to delude.
Ford.

3.
(Mining)
To sort or separate, as ore in a jigger or sieve. See Jigging, n.

4.
(Metal Working)
To cut or form, as a piece of metal, in a jigging machine.


word: Jig₃
definition:
Jig

Jig
v. i.
1.
To dance a jig; to skip about.

You jig, you amble, and you lisp.
Shak.

2.
To move with a skip or rhythm; to move with vibrations or jerks.
The fin would jig off slowly, as if it were looking for nothing at all.
Kipling.


word: jigaboo
definition:
jigaboo

jig"a*boo
n.
A negro, especially an African-American; -- an offensive term usually intended as an ethnic slur.
[vulgar and offensive]

Syn. -- nigger, spade, coon, nigra.


word: Jigger
definition:
Jigger

Jig"ger
(jĭg"gẽr)
n.
[A corrupt. of chigre.]
1.
(Zool.)
A species of flea (Tunga penetrans, or Sarcopsylla penetrans, or Pulex penetrans), which burrows beneath the skin; called also jigger flea. See Chigoe.

2.
(Zool.)
Any one of several species of small red mites (esp. Tetranychus irritans and Tetranychus Americanus) of the family Trombiculidae, which, in the larval or leptus stage, burrow beneath the skin of man and various animals, causing great annoyance.  Also called chigger.
[Southern U. S.]


word: Jigger₂
definition:
Jigger

Jig"ger
n.
[See Jig, n. & v.]
1.
One who, or that which, jigs; specifically, a miner who sorts or cleans ore by the process of jigging; also, the sieve used in jigging.

2.
(Pottery)
(a)
A horizontal table carrying a revolving mold, on which earthen vessels are shaped by rapid motion; a potter's wheel.
(b)
A template or tool by which vessels are shaped on a potter's wheel.

3.
(Naut.)
(a)
A light tackle, consisting of a double and single block and the fall, used for various purposes, as to increase the purchase on a topsail sheet in hauling it home; the watch tackle.
Totten.
(b)
A small fishing vessel, rigged like a yawl.
[New Eng.]
(c)
A supplementary sail. See Dandy, n., 2 (b).

4.
A pendulum rolling machine for slicking or graining leather; same as Jack, 4 (i).

5.
A small glass or measuring vessel holding 11/2 ounces (45 ml), used mostly for measuring liquor or drinking whiskey; also, the quantity of liquid held in a jigger.

6.
A thingamajig.
[Colloq.]

Jigger mast. (Naut.) (a) The after mast of a four-masted vessel. (b) The small mast set at the stern of a yawl-rigged boat.


word: Jigger₃
definition:
Jigger

Jig"ger
(?)
v. t.
[Cf. Jiggle.]
To move, send, or drive with a jerk; to jerk; also, to drive or send over with a jerk, as a golf ball.
He could jigger the ball o'er a steeple tall as most men would jigger a cop.
Harper's Mag.


word: jiggery-pokery
definition:
jiggery-pokery

jiggery-pokery
n.
A verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of a person in some way.

Syn. -- trickery, hocus-pocus, slickness, hanky panky, skulduggery, skullduggery.


word: Jigging
definition:
Jigging

Jig"ging
(?)
n.
(Mining)
The act or using a jig; the act of separating ore with a jigger, or wire-bottomed sieve, which is moved up and down in water.

Jigging machine. (a) (Mining) A machine for separating ore by the process of jigging. (b) (Metal Working) A machine with a rotary milling cutter and a template by which the action of the cutter is guided or limited; -- used for forming the profile of an irregularly shaped piece; a profiling machine.


word: Jiggish
definition:
Jiggish

Jig"gish
(?)
a.
1.
Resembling, or suitable for, a jig, or lively movement.
Tatler.

2.
Playful; frisky.
[R.]

She is never sad, and yet not jiggish.
Habington.


word: Jiggle
definition:
Jiggle

Jig"gle
(?)
v. i.
[Freq. of jig.]
To wriggle or frisk about; to move awkwardly; to shake up and down.


word: Jihad
definition:
Jihad

Jehad

{Ji*had", Je*had"}
(?)
n.
[Ar. jihād, struggle.]
(Islam)
A religious war against infidels or Muslim heretics; also, any bitter war or crusade for a principle or belief.
[Their] courage in war . . . had not, like that of the Muslim dervishes of the Sudan, or of Muslims anywhere engaged in a jehad, a religious motive and the promise of future bliss behind it.
James Bryce.


word: Jilt
definition:
Jilt

Jilt
(?)
n.
[Contr. fr. Scot. jillet a giddy girl, a jill-flirt, dim. of jill a jill.]
A woman who capriciously deceives her lover; a coquette; a flirt.
Otway.


word: Jilt₂
definition:
Jilt

Jilt
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jilting.]
To cast off capriciously or unfeelingly, as a lover; to deceive in love.
Locke.


word: Jilt₃
definition:
Jilt

Jilt
v. i.
To play the jilt; to practice deception in love; to discard lovers capriciously.
Congreve.


word: Jim Crow
definition:
Jim Crow

Jim Crow
n.
1.
A negro; -- said to be so called from a popular negro dance song, the refrain of which is “Wheel about and turn about and jump Jim Crow,” produced in 1835 by Thomas D. Rice (1808-1860), a famous negro minstrel; -- considered disparaging and offensive.
[Offensive slang, U. S.]

2.
A legally sanctioned system of racial discrimination practised in the southern United States until declared unconstitutional in 1953 and further restricted by federal legislation, by means of which negroes were segregated and discriminated against in employment and in many places of public accommodation, such as parks, commercial establishments, and public transportation.


word: Jim-crow
definition:
Jim-crow

Jim"-crow`
(?)
a.
For negroes only; set aside for used of negroes as a policy of racial discrimination.


word: Jim-crow₂
definition:
Jim-crow

Jim"-crow`
(?)
n.
(Mach.)
1.
A machine for bending or straightening rails.

2.
A planing machine with a reversing tool, to plane both ways.


word: jimdandy
definition:
jimdandy

jimdandy
n.
1.
someone excellent of their kind; as, he's a jimdandy of a soldier.

Syn. -- jimhickey, crackerjack.

2.
something excellent of its kind; as, the bike was a jimdandy.

Syn. -- jimhickey, crackerjack.


word: jimmies
definition:
jimmies

jimmies
n. pl.
Small cylindrical bits of sweet chocolate used as a granular topping on e.g. ice cream.

Syn. -- sprinkles.


word: Jimmy
definition:
Jimmy

Jim"my
(?)
n.
pl. Jimmies (#).
[Cf. Jemmy.]
A short crowbar used by burglars in breaking open doors.
[Written also jemmy.]


word: jimmy
definition:
jimmy

jim"my
(?)
n.
pl. jimmies (#).
[Rhyming slang: Jimmy Grant, for immigrant. RHUD]
An immigrant.
[Australian slang]


word: jimmy₂
definition:
jimmy

jim"my
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. jimmied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. jimmying (?).]
To pry open (a door, window, etc.) with a jimmy or similar device; often used with open; as, the burglar jimmied open the back door and stole the TV set.


word: Jimp
definition:
Jimp

Jimp
(?)
a.
[Cf. Gimp, a.]
1.
Neat; handsome; elegant. See Gimp.

2.
Slender; trim.

2.
Scant; barely enough.
RHUD


word: Jingal
definition:
Jingal

Jin*gal"
(?)
n.
[Hind. jangāl a swivel, a large musket.]
A small portable piece of ordnance, mounted on a swivel.
[Written also gingal and jingall.]
[India]


word: Jingle
definition:
Jingle

Jin"gle
(?)
v. i.
[OE. gingelen, ginglen; prob. akin to E. chink; cf. also E. jangle.]

1.
To sound with a fine, sharp, rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound; as, sleigh bells jingle.
[Written also gingle.]

2.
To rhyme or sound with a jingling effect.
Jingling
Macaulay.


word: Jingle₂
definition:
Jingle

Jin"gle
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jingled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jingling (?).]
To cause to give a sharp metallic sound as a little bell, or as coins shaken together; to tinkle.

The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew.
Pope.


word: Jingle₃
definition:
Jingle

Jin"gle
n.
1.
A rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound, as of little bells or pieces of metal.

2.
That which makes a jingling sound, as a rattle.

If you plant where savages are, do not only entertain them with trifles and jingles, but use them justly.
Bacon.

3.
A correspondence of sound in rhymes, especially when the verse has little merit;
hence,
a rhyming verse of no poetical merit.
jingle
Guardian.

The verses used in commercial advertisements are often called jingles, especially when sung.

Jingle shell. See Gold shell (b), under Gold.


word: Jingling
definition:
Jingling

Jin"gling
(?)
n.
The act or process of producing a jingle; also, the sound itself; a chink.
jingling
Tennyson.


word: Jingo
definition:
Jingo

Jin"go
(?)
n.
pl. Jingoes (#).
[Said to be a corruption of St. Gingoulph.]

1.
A word used as a jocular oath.
jingo
Goldsmith.

2.
A statesman who pursues, or who favors, aggressive, domineering policy in foreign affairs; a bellicose superpatriot or chavinist.
[Cant, Eng.]

&hand_; This sense arose from a doggerel song which was popular during the Turco-Russian war of 1877 and 1878. The first two lines were as follows: --
[1913 Webster]
We don't want to fight, but by Jingo if we do,
We 've got the ships, we 've got the men, we 've got the money too.


word: jingoism
definition:
jingoism

jin"go*ism
(?)
n.
1.
The policy of the Jingoes, so called. See Jingo, 2.
[Cant, Eng.]

2.
Hence:
A bellicose patriotism; aggressive chauvinism; belligerence in international relations.


word: jingoist
definition:
jingoist

jin"go*ist
(?)
n.
One who is jingoistic; a bellicose patriot; an extreme bellicose nationalist; an aggressive chauvinist.

Syn. -- chauvinist, jingo, flag-waver, hundred-percenter.


word: jingoistic
definition:
jingoistic

jin`go*ist"ic
(?)
a.
1.
fanatically and bellicosely patriotic; aggressively chauvinistic; belligerent in international relations.

Syn. -- chauvinistic, flag-waving(prenominal), nationalistic, superpatriotic.

2.
Given to expressing partisan sentiments in slogans, especially belligerently patriotic views.


word: Jink
definition:
Jink

Jink
(?)
v. i.
[Cf. Jig, v. i.]
1.
To move quickly, esp. with a sudden turn; hence, to dodge; to escape by a quick turn; -- obs. or dial., except as a hunting term in pig-sticking.

2.
(Card Playing)
In the games of spoilfive and forty-five, to win the game by taking all five tricks; also, to play to win all five tricks, losing what has been already won if unsuccessful.


word: Jinni
definition:
Jinni

Jinnee

Jin"nee, Jin"ni
(jĭn"nē)
n.
pl. Jinn (jĭn).
[Ar.]
(Arabian & Muslim Myth.)
A genius or demon; one of the fabled genii, good and evil spirits, supposed to be the children of fire, and to have the power of assuming various forms.
[Written also djinnee, genie, etc.]

Syn. -- jinn; jin; djinn.

&hand_; Jinn is also used as sing., with pl. jinns (_;).


word: Jinny road
definition:
Jinny road

Jin"ny road`
(?)
[Cf. Gin an engine, Ginnycarriage.]
(Mining)
An inclined road in a coal mine, on which loaded cars descend by gravity, drawing up empty ones.
Knight.


word: Jinrikisha
definition:
Jinrikisha

Jin*rik"i*sha
(?)
n.
[Jap. jin man + riki power + sha carriage.]
A small, two-wheeled, hooded vehicle drawn by one or more men.
[Japan]


word: jinx
definition:
jinx

jinx
(jĭ&nsmacr_;ks)
n.
A person, object, influence, or supernatural being which is supposed to bring bad luck or to cause things to go wrong.
[Slang]


word: jinx₂
definition:
jinx

jinx
(jĭ&nsmacr_;ks)
v. t.
To bring bad luck to; to cause to malfunction or go wrong; as, some superstitious people are reluctant to predict success for fear it will jinx them.
[Slang]


word: jiqui
definition:
jiqui

jiqui
n.
A Cuban timber tree (Malpighia obovata) with hard wood very resistant to moisture.

Syn. -- Malpighia obovata.


word: jitney
definition:
jitney

jitney
n.
1.
a small bus or similar vehicle carrying passengers on a fixed route, used for public transport.
[wns=1]
Probably so called because they once charged a nickel for the ride.  RHUD

2.
A five-cent piece; a nickel.
[slang, archaic]


word: jitterbug
definition:
jitterbug

jitterbug
n.
a fast and vigorous American dance that was popular in the 1940s, having few standardized steps and personalized with various twirls, twists, and acrobatic moves; it was performed often to the accompaniment of swing or boogie-woogie tunes.


word: jitters
definition:
jitters

jitters
n.
an uneasy state; nervousness; as, the prospect of being drafted gave him a bad case of the jitters.

Syn. -- nervousness, nerves, screaming meemies.


word: jittery
definition:
jittery

jittery
adj.
being in a tense state; easily upset or frightened; -- of a person.

Syn. -- edgy, fidgety, high-strung, in suspense(predicate), jumpy, nervous, nervy, overstrung, restive, uneasy, uptight.


word: jiujitsu
definition:
jiujitsu

jiujitsu
n.
[Jap., soft technique.]
a method of self-defense without weapons that was developed in China and Japan; holds and blows are supplemented by clever use of the attacker's own weight and strength.

Syn. -- jujitsu, jiujutsu, jujutsu.


word: jive
definition:
jive

jive
n.
a style of jazz played by big bands popular in the 1930s; flowing rhythms but less complex than later styles of jazz.

Syn. -- swing, swing music.


word: Jnr.
definition:
Jnr.

Jnr.
n.
Abbreviation for Junior, used after a name by a son who has the same first and last name as his father; -- less commonly used than Jr.

Syn. -- Junior, Jr.


word: Job
definition:
Job

Job
(j&obreve_;b)
n.
[Prov. E. job, gob, n., a small piece of wood, v., to stab, strike; cf. E. gob, gobbet; perh. influenced by E. chop to cut off, to mince. See Gob.]

1.
A sudden thrust or stab; a jab.

2.
A piece of chance or occasional work; any definite work undertaken in gross for a fixed price; as, he did the job for a thousand dollars.

3.
A public transaction done for private profit; something performed ostensibly as a part of official duty, but really for private gain; a corrupt official business.

4.
Any affair or event which affects one, whether fortunately or unfortunately.
[Colloq.]

5.
A situation or opportunity of work; as, he lost his job.
[Colloq.]

6.
A task, or the execution of a task; as, Michelangelo did a great job on the David statue.

7.
(Computers)
A task or coordinated set of tasks for a multitasking computer, submitted for processing as a single unit, usually for execution in background.  See job control language.

&hand_; Job is used adjectively to signify doing jobs, used for jobs, or let on hire to do jobs; as, job printer; job master; job horse; job wagon, etc.

By the job, at a stipulated sum for the work, or for each piece of work done; -- distinguished from time work; as, the house was built by the job. -- Job lot, a quantity of goods, usually miscellaneous, sold out of the regular course of trade, at a certain price for the whole; as, these articles were included in a job lot. -- Job master, one who lest out horses and carriages for hire, as for family use. [Eng.] -- Job printer, one who does miscellaneous printing, esp. circulars, cards, billheads, etc. -- Odd job, miscellaneous work of a petty kind; occasional work, of various kinds, or for various people. -- to do a job on, to harm badly or destroy. [slang]  -- on the job, alert; performing a responsibility well. [slang]


word: Job₂
definition:
Job

Job
(j&obreve_;b)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jobbed (j&obreve_;bd); p. pr. & vb. n. Jobbing.]

1.
To strike or stab with a pointed instrument.
L'Estrange.

2.
To thrust in, as a pointed instrument.
Moxon.

3.
To do or cause to be done by separate portions or lots; to sublet (work); as, to job a contract.

4.
(Com.)
To buy and sell, as a broker; to purchase of importers or manufacturers for the purpose of selling to retailers; as, to job goods.

5.
To hire or let by the job or for a period of service; as, to job a carriage.
Thackeray.


word: Job₃
definition:
Job

Job
v. i.
1.
To do chance work for hire; to work by the piece; to do petty work.

Authors of all work, to job for the season.
Moore.

2.
To seek private gain under pretense of public service; to turn public matters to private advantage.

And judges job, and bishops bite the town.
Pope.

3.
To carry on the business of a jobber in merchandise or stocks.


word: Job₄
definition:
Job

Job
(j&omacrb)
n.
The hero of the book of that name in the Old Testament; the prototypical patient man.

Job's comforter. (a) A false friend; a tactless or malicious person who, under pretense of sympathy, insinuates rebukes. (b) A boil. [Colloq.] -- Job's news, bad news. Carlyle. -- Job's tears (Bot.), a kind of grass (Coix Lacryma), with hard, shining, pearly grains.


word: Jobation
definition:
Jobation

Jo*ba"tion
(?)
n.
[Prov. E. job to scold, to reprove, perh. fr. Job, the proper name.]
A scolding; a hand, tedious reproof.
[Law]
Grose.


word: Jobber
definition:
Jobber

Job"ber
(?)
n.
1.
One who works by the job.

2.
A dealer in the public stocks or funds; a stockjobber.
[Eng.]

3.
One who buys goods from importers, wholesalers, or manufacturers, and sells to retailers.

4.
One who turns official or public business to private advantage; hence, one who performs low or mercenary work in office, politics, or intrigue.


word: Jobbernowl
definition:
Jobbernowl

Job"ber*nowl`
(?)
n.
[OE. jobbernoule, fr. jobarde a stupid fellow; cf. E. noll.]
A blockhead.
[Colloq. & Obs.]
H. Taylor.


word: Jobbery
definition:
Jobbery

Job"ber*y
(?)
n.
1.
The act or practice of jobbing.

2.
Underhand management; official corruption; as, municipal jobbery.
Mayhew.


word: Jobbing
definition:
Jobbing

Job"bing
(?)
a.
1.
Doing chance work or odd jobs; as, a jobbing carpenter.

2.
Using opportunities of public service for private gain; as, a jobbing politician.
London Sat. Rev.

Jobbing house, a mercantile establishment which buys from importers, wholesalers or manufacturers, and sells to retailers. [U.S.]


word: job control language
definition:
job control language

job control language
(Computers)
A programming language used to specify the manner, timing, and other requirements of execution of a task or set of tasks submitted for execution, especially in background, on a multitasking computer; a programming language for controlling job{7} execution.  Abbreviated JCL.


word: Jocantry
definition:
Jocantry

Jo"cant*ry
(?)
n.
[L. jocans, p. pr. of jocare to jest, fr. jocus a jest.]
The act or practice of jesting.
[Obs.]


word: jock
definition:
jock

jock
n.
1.
a person trained to compete in sports; an athlete.
[wns=1]

Syn. -- athlete.

2.
A jockstrap.

3.
A disk jockey.

shock jock a radio talk-show host who is notorious for voicing unpopular, controversial, or shocking opinions guaranteed to offend many people.


word: Jockey
definition:
Jockey

Jock"ey
(?)
n.
pl. Jockeys (#).
[Dim. of Jack, Scot. Jock; orig., a boy who rides horses. See 2d Jack.]

1.
A professional rider of horses in races.
Addison.

2.
A dealer in horses; a horse trader.
Macaulay.

3.
A cheat; one given to sharp practice in trade.


word: Jockey₂
definition:
Jockey

Jock"ey
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jockeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jockeying.]
1.
“ To jostle by riding against one.”
Johnson.

2.
To play the jockey toward; to cheat; to trick; to impose upon in trade; as, to jockey a customer.

3.
To maneuver; to move in an intricate manner so as to avoid obstacles; as, to jockey a large cabinet up a winding staircase.


word: Jockey₃
definition:
Jockey

Jock"ey
v. i.
1.
To play or act the jockey; to cheat.

2.
To maneuver oneself aggressivley or skillfully so as to achieve an advantage; as, he jockeyed himself into position to be noticed.


word: Jockeyship
definition:
Jockeyship

Jock"ey*ship
n.
The art, character, or position, of a jockey; the personality of a jockey.

Go flatter Sawney for his jockeyship.
Chatterton.

Where can at last his jockeyship retire?
Cowper.


word: jockey shorts
definition:
jockey shorts

jock"ey shorts`
(j&obreve_;k"ē shôrts)
n. pl.
[from a Tradename.]
A type of men's underpants without legs, fitting tightly and held by an elastic waistband; also called briefs.  Originally a tradename, the term has become common for that type of underpants.


word: jockstrap
definition:
jockstrap

jock"strap`
(j&obreve_;k"străp)
n.
1.
A supporting undergarment for the external genitals worn by men engaging in vigorous athletic sports or strenuous exercise; called also athletic supporter and jock.

Syn. -- jock; athletic supporter.


word: jocose
definition:
jocose

jo*cose"
(jo̝*k&omacrs")
a.
[L jocosus, fr. jocus joke. See Joke.]
Given to jokes and jesting; containing a joke, or abounding in jokes; merry; sportive; humorous.

To quit their austerity and be jocose and pleasant with an adversary.
Shaftesbury.

All . . . jocose or comical airs should be excluded.
I. Watts.
Spondanus imagines that Ulysses may possibly speak jocosely, but in truth Ulysses never behaves with levity.
Broome.

He must beware lest his letter should contain anything like jocoseness; since jesting is incompatible with a holy and serious life.
Buckle.


word: jocoserious
definition:
jocoserious

jo`co*se"ri*ous
(j&omacr`ko̝*sē"rĭ*ŭs)
a.
[Jocose + serious.]
Mingling mirth and seriousness.
M. Green.


word: jocosity
definition:
jocosity

jo*cos"i*ty
(jo̝*k&obreve_;s"ĭ*t&ybreve_;)
n.
A jocose act or saying; jocoseness.
Sir T. Browne.


word: jocote
definition:
jocote

jocote
n.
A common tropical American shrub or small tree (Spondias purpurea) with purplish fruit.

Syn. -- mombin, mombin tree, Spondias purpurea.


word: jocular
definition:
jocular

joc"u*lar
(j&obreve_;k"&uuptack_;*lẽr)
a.
[L. jocularis, fr. joculus, dim. of jocus joke. See Joke.]

1.
Given to jesting; jocose; as, a jocular person.

2.
Sportive; merry.
Jocular
Cowper.

The style is partly serious and partly jocular.
Dryden.


word: jocularly
definition:
jocularly

joc"u*lar*ly
(j&obreve_;k"&uuptack_;*lẽr*l&ybreve_;)
adv.
In jest; for sport or mirth; jocosely.


word: Jocund
definition:
Jocund

Joc"und
(?)
[L. jocundus, jucundus, orig., helpful, fr. juvare to help. See Aid.]
Merry; cheerful; gay; airy; lively; sportive.

Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day
Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops.
Shak.

Rural sports and jocund strains.
Prior.


word: Jocundity
definition:
Jocundity

Jo*cun"di*ty
(?)
n.
[L. jocunditas jucunditas. See Jocund, and cf. Jucundity.]
The state or quality of being jocund; gayety; sportiveness.


word: Joe Miller
definition:
Joe Miller

Joe" Mil"ler
(?)
[From Joseph Miller, a comic actor, whose name was attached, after his death, to a popular jest book published in 1739.]
A jest book; a stale jest; a worn-out joke.
[Colloq.]

It is an old Joe Miller in whist circles, that there are only two reasons that can justify you in not returning trumps to your partner's lead; i. e., first, sudden illness; secondly, having none.
Pole.


word: Joe-Pye weed
definition:
Joe-Pye weed

Joe`-Pye" weed`
(?)
(Bot.)
A tall composite plant of the genus Eupatorium (Eupatorium purpureum), with purplish flowers, and whorled leaves.


word: joewood
definition:
joewood

joewood
n.
A West Indian shrub or small tree (Jacquinia keyensis) having leathery saponaceous leaves and extremely hard wood.

Syn. -- barbasco, Jacquinia keyensis.


word: joey
definition:
joey

joey
(j&omacr"ē)
n.
1.
Any young animal, especially a young kangaroo.
[Australian]

2.
A young child.
[Australian]

3.
A three-penny piece.
[British slang]


word: Jog
definition:
Jog

Jog
(j&obreve_;g)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jogged (j&obreve_;gd); p. pr. & vb. n. Jogging (j&obreve_;g"gĭng).]
[OE. joggen; cf. W. gogi to shake, and also E. shog, shock, v.]

1.
To push or shake with the elbow or hand; to jostle; esp., to push or touch, in order to give notice, to excite one's attention, or to warn.

Now leaps he upright, jogs me, and cries: Do you see
Yonder well-favored youth?
Donne.

Sudden I jogged Ulysses, who was laid
Fast by my side.
Pope.

2.
To suggest to; to notify; to remind; to call the attention of; as, to jog the memory.

3.
To cause to jog; to drive at a jog, as a horse. See Jog, v. i.


word: Jog₂
definition:
Jog

Jog
v. i.
1.
To move by jogs or small shocks, like those of a slow trot; to move slowly, leisurely, or monotonously; -- usually with on, sometimes with over.

Jog on, jog on, the footpath way.
Shak.

So hung his destiny, never to rot,
While he might still jog on and keep his trot.
Milton.

The good old ways our sires jogged safely over.
R. Browning.

2.
To run at less than maximum speed; to move on foot at a pace between a walk and a run; to run at a moderate pace so as to be able to continue for some time; -- performed by people, mostly for exercise.


word: Jog₃
definition:
Jog

Jog
n.
1.
A slight shake; a shake or push intended to give notice or awaken attention; a push; a jolt.

To give them by turns an invisible jog.
Swift.

2.
A rub; a slight stop; an obstruction; hence, an irregularity in motion of from; a hitch; a break in the direction of a line or the surface of a plane.
Glanvill.

3.
A liesurely running pace.  See jog{2}, v. i.

Jog trot, a slow, regular, jolting gait; hence, a routine habit or method, persistently adhered to. T. Hook.


word: Jogger
definition:
Jogger

Jog"ger
(?)
n.
One who jogs; as, the paths in Central Park on a summer Saturday are filled with joggers.
Dryden.


word: Joggle
definition:
Joggle

Jog"gle
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Joggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Joggling (?).]
[Freq. of jog.]

1.
To shake slightly; to push suddenly but slightly, so as to cause to shake or totter; to jostle; to jog.

2.
(Arch.)
To join by means of joggles, so as to prevent sliding apart; sometimes, loosely, to dowel.

The struts of a roof are joggled into the truss posts.
Gwilt.


word: Joggle₃
definition:
Joggle

Jog"gle
n.
[Arch.]
A notch or tooth in the joining surface of any piece of building material to prevent slipping; sometimes, but incorrectly, applied to a separate piece fitted into two adjacent stones, or the like.

Joggle joint (Arch.), a joint in any kind of building material, where the joining surfaces are made with joggles.


word: Johannean
definition:
Johannean

Jo`han*ne"an
(jo̝`hăn*nē"an)
a.
Of or pertaining to John, esp. to the Apostle John or his writings.
M. Stuart.


word: Johannes
definition:
Johannes

Jo*han"nes
(jo̝*hăn"nēz)
n.
[NL., fr. Gr. _;, Heb. Yĕh&omacrkhānān, Y&omacrkhānān, i. e., one whom Jehovah has blessed; hence F. Jean, E. John.]
(Numis.)
A Portuguese gold coin of the value of eight dollars, named from the figure of King John which it bears; -- often contracted into joe; as, a joe, or a half joe.


word: Johannisberger
definition:
Johannisberger

Jo*han"nis*ber`ger
(?)
n.
[G.]
A fine white wine produced on the estate of Schloss (or Castle) Johannisberg, on the Rhine.


word: John
definition:
John

John
(j&obreve_;n)
n.
[See Johannes.]
A proper name of a man.

John-apple, a sort of apple ripe about St. John's Day. Same as Apple-john. -- John Bull, an ideal personification of the typical characteristics of an Englishman, or of the English people. -- John Bullism, English character. W. Irving. -- John Doe (Law),  the name formerly given to the fictitious plaintiff in an action of ejectment. Mozley & W. -- John Doree, John Dory. [John (or F. jaune yellow) + Doree, Dory.] (Zool.) An oval, compressed, European food fish (Zeus faber). Its color is yellow and olive, with golden, silvery, and blue reflections. It has a round dark spot on each side. Called also dory, doree, and St. Peter's fish.


word: Johnny
definition:
Johnny

John"ny
(?)
n.
pl. Johnnies (_;).
1.
A familiar diminutive of John.

2.
(Zool.)
A sculpin.
[Local cant]

Johny Crapaud (_;), a jocose designation of a Frenchman, or of the French people, collectively.


word: Johnnycake
definition:
Johnnycake

John"ny*cake`
(-kāk`)
n.
A kind of bread made of the meal of maize (Indian corn), mixed with water or milk, etc., and baked.
[U.S.]
J. Barlow.


word: Johnsonese
definition:
Johnsonese

John`son*ese"
(?)
n.
The literary style of Dr. Samuel Johnson, or one formed in imitation of it; an inflated, stilted, or pompous style, affecting classical words.
E. Everett.


word: Johnson grass
definition:
Johnson grass

John"son grass`
(?)
[Named after W. Johnson of Alabama, who planted it about 1840-1845.]
(Bot.)
A tall perennial grass (Sorghum Halepense), valuable in the Southern and Western States for pasture and hay. The rootstocks are large and juicy and are eagerly sought by swine. Called also Cuba grass, Means grass, Evergreen millet, and Arabian millet.


word: Johnsonian
definition:
Johnsonian

John*so"ni*an
(?)
a.
Pertaining to or resembling Dr. Johnson or his style; pompous; inflated.


word: Johnsonianism
definition:
Johnsonianism

John*so"ni*an*ism
(?)
n.
A manner of acting or of writing peculiar to, or characteristic of, Dr. Johnson.
[Written also Johnsonism.]


word: Join
definition:
Join

Join
(join)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Joined (joind); p. pr. & vb. n. Joining.]
[OE. joinen, joignen, F. joindre, fr. L. jungere to yoke, bind together, join; akin to jugum yoke. See Yoke, and cf. Conjugal, Junction, Junta.]

1.
To bring together, literally or figuratively; to place in contact; to connect; to couple; to unite; to combine; to associate; to add; to append.

Woe unto them that join house to house.
Is. v. 8.

Held up his left hand, which did flame and burn
Like twenty torches joined.
Shak.

Thy tuneful voice with numbers join.
Dryden.

2.
To associate one's self to; to be or become connected with; to league one's self with; to unite with; as, to join a party; to join the church.

We jointly now to join no other head.
Dryden.

3.
To unite in marriage.

He that joineth his virgin in matrimony.
Wyclif.

What, therefore, God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.
Matt. xix. 6.

4.
To enjoin upon; to command.
[Obs. & R.]

They join them penance, as they call it.
Tyndale.

5.
To accept, or engage in, as a contest; as, to join encounter, battle, issue.
Milton.

6.
To meet with and accompany; as, we joined them at the restaurant.

7.
To combine with (another person) in performing some activity; as, join me in welcoming our new president.

To join battle, To join issue. See under Battle, Issue.


word: Join₂
definition:
Join

Join
v. i.
To be contiguous, close, or in contact; to come together; to unite; to mingle; to form a union; as, the bones of the skull join; two rivers join.

Whose house joined hard to the synagogue.
Acts xviii. 7.

Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abominations?
Ezra ix. 14.

Nature and fortune joined to make thee great.
Shak.


word: Join₃
definition:
Join

Join
n.
1.
(Geom.)
The line joining two points; the point common to two intersecting lines.
Henrici.

2.
The place or part where objects have been joined; a joint; a seam.

3.
(Computers)
The combining of multiple tables to answer a query in a relational database system.


word: Joinant
definition:
Joinant

Join"ant
(?)
a.
[OF. & F. joignant, p. pr. of joindre to join.]
Adjoining.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.


word: Joinder
definition:
Joinder

Join"der
(?)
n.
[F. joindre. See Join, v. t.]

1.
The act of joining; a putting together; conjunction.

Confirmed by mutual joinder of your hands.
Shak.

2.
(Law)
(a)
A joining of parties as plaintiffs or defendants in a suit.
(b)
Acceptance of an issue tendered in law or fact.
(c)
A joining of causes of action or defense in civil suits or criminal prosecutions.


word: joined
definition:
joined

joined
adj.
1.
married.
unmarried

Syn. -- united.

2.
connected by a link, as railway cars or trailer trucks.

Syn. -- coupled, linked.

3.
connected by or sharing a wall with another building.


word: Joiner
definition:
Joiner

Join"er
n.
1.
One who, or that which, joins.

2.
One whose occupation is to construct articles by joining pieces of wood; a mechanic who does the woodwork (as doors, stairs, etc.) necessary for the finishing of buildings.
joiner
Shak.

3.
A wood-working machine, for sawing, plaining, mortising, tenoning, grooving, etc.


word: Joinery
definition:
Joinery

Join"er*y
(?)
n.
The art, or trade, of a joiner; the work of a joiner; doing the woodwork (as doors, stairs, etc.) necessary for the finishing of buildings.

A piece of joinery . . . whimsically dovetailed.
Burke.


word: Joinhand
definition:
Joinhand

Join"hand`
(?)
n.
Writing in which letters are joined in words; -- distinguished from writing in single letters.
Addison.


word: Joint
definition:
Joint

Joint
(joint)
n.
[F. joint, fr. joindre, p. p. joint. See Join.]

1.
The place or part where two things or parts are joined or united; the union of two or more smooth or even surfaces admitting of a close-fitting or junction; junction; as, a joint between two pieces of timber; a joint in a pipe.

2.
A joining of two things or parts so as to admit of motion; an articulation, whether movable or not; a hinge; as, the knee joint; a node or joint of a stem; a ball and socket joint.  See Articulation.

A scaly gauntlet now, with joints of steel,
Must glove this hand.
Shak.

To tear thee joint by joint.
Milton.

3.
The part or space included between two joints, knots, nodes, or articulations; as, a joint of cane or of a grass stem; a joint of the leg.

4.
Any one of the large pieces of meat, as cut into portions by the butcher for roasting.

5.
(Geol.)
A plane of fracture, or divisional plane, of a rock transverse to the stratification.

6.
(Arch.)
The space between the adjacent surfaces of two bodies joined and held together, as by means of cement, mortar, etc.; as, a thin joint.

7.
The means whereby the meeting surfaces of pieces in a structure are secured together.

8.
[Jag a notch.]
A projecting or retreating part in something; any irregularity of line or surface, as in a wall.
[Now Chiefly U. S.]

9.
(Theaters)
A narrow piece of scenery used to join together two flats or wings of an interior setting.

10.
a disreputable establishment, or a place of low resort, as for smoking opium; -- also used for a commercial establishment, implying a less than impeccable reputation, but often in jest; as, talking about a high-class joint is an oxymoron.
[Slang]

11.
a marijuana cigarette.
[Slang]

12.
prison; -- used with “the”.
[Slang]
joint

Coursing joint (Masonry), the mortar joint between two courses of bricks or stones. -- Fish joint, Miter joint, Universal joint, etc. See under Fish, Miter, etc. -- Joint bolt, a bolt for fastening two pieces, as of wood, one endwise to the other, having a nut embedded in one of the pieces. -- Joint chair (Railroad), the chair that supports the ends of abutting rails. -- Joint coupling, a universal joint for coupling shafting. See under Universal. -- Joint hinge, a hinge having long leaves; a strap hinge. -- Joint splice, a reënforce at a joint, to sustain the parts in their true relation. -- Joint stool. (a) A stool consisting of jointed parts; a folding stool. Shak. (b) A block for supporting the end of a piece at a joint; a joint chair. -- Out of joint, out of place; dislocated, as when the head of a bone slips from its socket; hence, not working well together; disordered. “The time is out of joint.” Shak.


word: Joint₂
definition:
Joint

Joint
(joint)
a.
[F., p. p. of joindre. See Join.]

1.
Joined; united; combined; concerted; as, joint action.

2.
Involving the united activity of two or more; done or produced by two or more working together.

I read this joint effusion twice over.
T. Hook.

3.
United, joined, or sharing with another or with others; not solitary in interest or action; holding in common with an associate, or with associates; acting together; as, joint heir; joint creditor; a joint bank account; joint debtor, etc.
Joint
Donne.

4.
Shared by, or affecting two or more; held in common; as, joint property; a joint bond.

A joint burden laid upon us all.
Shak.

Joint committee (Parliamentary Practice), a committee composed of members of the two houses of a legislative body, for the appointment of which concurrent resolutions of the two houses are necessary. Cushing. -- Joint meeting, or Joint session, the meeting or session of two distinct bodies as one; as, a joint meeting of committees representing different corporations; a joint session of both branches of a State legislature to chose a United States senator. “Such joint meeting shall not be dissolved until the electoral votes are all counted and the result declared.” Joint Rules of Congress, U. S. -- Joint resolution (Parliamentary Practice), a resolution adopted concurrently by the two branches of a legislative body. “By the constitution of the United States and the rules of the two houses, no absolute distinction is made between bills and joint resolutions.” Barclay (Digest). -- Joint rule (Parliamentary Practice), a rule of proceeding adopted by the concurrent action of both branches of a legislative assembly. “Resolved, by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), that the sixteenth and seventeenth joint rules be suspended for the remainder of the session.” Journal H. of R., U. S. -- Joint and several (Law), a phrase signifying that the debt, credit, obligation, etc., to which it is applied is held in such a way that the parties in interest are engaged both together and individually thus a joint and several debt is one for which all the debtors may be sued together or either of them individually; used especially in the phrase joint and several liability. -- Joint stock, stock held in company. -- Joint-stock company (Law), a species of partnership, consisting generally of a large number of members, having a capital divided, or agreed to be divided, into shares, the shares owned by any member being usually transferable without the consent of the rest. -- Joint tenancy (Law), a tenure by two or more persons of estate by unity of interest, title, time, and possession, under which the survivor takes the whole. Blackstone. -- Joint tenant (Law), one who holds an estate by joint tenancy.  Contrassted with tenant in common.


word: Joint₃
definition:
Joint

Joint
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jointing.]

1.
To unite by a joint or joints; to fit together; to prepare so as to fit together; as, to joint boards.

Pierced through the yielding planks of jointed wood.
Pope.

2.
To join; to connect; to unite; to combine.

Jointing their force 'gainst Caesar.
Shak.

3.
To provide with a joint or joints; to articulate.

The fingers are jointed together for motion.
Ray.

4.
To separate the joints; of; to divide at the joint or joints; to disjoint; to cut up into joints, as meat.
joints
Dryden.

Quartering, jointing, seething, and roasting.
Holland.


word: Jointed
definition:
Jointed

Joint"ed
a.
Having joints; articulated; full of nodes; knotty; as, a jointed doll; jointed structure.
jointed
J. Philips.
Joint"ed*ly, adv.


word: Jointer
definition:
Jointer

Joint"er
(?)
n.
1.
One who, or that which, joints.

2.
A plane for smoothing the surfaces of pieces which are to be accurately joined
especially:
(a)
The longest plane used by a joiner.
(b)
(Coopering)
A long stationary plane, for planing the edges of barrel staves.

3.
(Masonry)
(a)
A bent piece of iron inserted to strengthen the joints of a wall.
(b)
A tool for pointing the joints in brickwork.


word: Joint-fir
definition:
Joint-fir

Joint"-fir`
(?)
n.
(Bot.)
A genus (Ephedra) of leafless shrubs, with the stems conspicuously jointed; -- called also shrubby horsetail. There are about thirty species, of which two or three are found from Texas to California.


word: Jointing
definition:
Jointing

Joint"ing
n.
The act or process of making a joint; also, the joints thus produced.

Jointing machine, a planing machine for wood used in furniture and piano factories, etc. -- Jointing plane. See Jointer, 2. -- Jointing rule (Masonry), a long straight rule, used by bricklayers for securing straight joints and faces.


word: Jointly
definition:
Jointly

Joint"ly
adv.
In a joint manner; together; unitedly; in concert; not separately.

Then jointly to the ground their knees they bow.
Shak.


word: Jointress
definition:
Jointress

Joint"ress
(?)
n.
(Law)
A woman who has a jointure.
[Written also jointuress.]
Blackstone.


word: Jointure
definition:
Jointure

Join"ture
(?)
n.
[F. jointure a joint, orig., a joining, L. junctura, fr. jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Juncture.]

1.
A joining; a joint.
[Obs.]

2.
(Law)
An estate settled on a wife, which she is to enjoy after husband's decease, for her own life at least, in satisfaction of dower.

The jointure that your king must make,
Which with her dowry shall be counterpoised.
Shak.


word: Jointure₂
definition:
Jointure

Join"ture
(?)
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Jointured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jointuring.]
To settle a jointure upon.


word: Jointweed
definition:
Jointweed

Joint"weed`
(?)
n.
(Bot.)
A slender, nearly leafless, American herb (Polygonum articulatum), with jointed spikes of small flowers.


word: Jointworm
definition:
Jointworm

Joint"worm`
(?)
n.
(Zool.)
The larva of a small, hymenopterous fly (Eurytoma hordei), which is found in gall-like swellings on the stalks of wheat, usually at or just above the first joint. In some parts of America it does great damage to the crop.


word: Joist
definition:
Joist

Joist
(joist)
n.
[OE. giste, OF. giste, F. gîte, fr. gesir to lie, F. gésir. See Gist.]
(Arch.)
A piece of timber laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling, are nailed; -- called, according to its position or use, binding joist, bridging joist, ceiling joist, trimming joist, etc. See Illust. of Double-framed floor, under Double, a.


word: Joist₂
definition:
Joist

Joist
v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Joisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Joisting.]
To fit or furnish with joists.
Johnson.


word: Joke
definition:
Joke

Joke
n.
[L. jocus. Cf Jeopardy, Jocular, Juggler.]

1.
Something said for the sake of exciting a laugh; something witty or sportive (commonly indicating more of hilarity or humor than jest); a jest; a witticism; as, to crack good-natured jokes.

And gentle dullness ever loves a joke.
Pope.

Or witty joke our airy senses moves
To pleasant laughter.
Gay.

2.
Something not said seriously, or not actually meant; something done in sport.

Inclose whole downs in walls, 't is all a joke.
Pope.

In joke, in jest; sportively; not meant seriously. -- Practical joke. See under Practical.


